Table Of Content“If there is any doubt that the field of thinking and reasoning is central to current psychological
science, this Handbook should dispel those doubts. I can’t imagine a young scholar in cognitive
science who wouldn’t find something of interest in this set of up-to-date empirical and theo-
retical chapters.”
—Keith E. Stanovich, University of Toronto, author of The Rationality Quotient
“This book offers authoritative overviews of every major topic in reasoning research, written
by leading scholars from around the world. Its 35 chapters capture the field’s history as well as
its exciting cutting-edge developments, making this Handbook a valuable resource for years
to come.”
—Norbert Schwarz, University of Southern California
“The Routledge International Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning brings together an
impressive collection of highly esteemed experts and represents a comprehensive review of the
psychology of thought. While it may appeal most to academics working in the field, it also rep-
resents a useful resource for anyone interested in the characteristics of the human mind and the
underlying cognitive processes that constitute our reasoning.”
—Gordon Pennycook, Banting Postdoctoral Fellow, Yale University
THE ROUTLEDGE INTERNATIONAL
HANDBOOK OF THINKING
AND REASONING
The Routledge International Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning is an authoritative reference work
providing a well-balanced overview of current scholarship spanning the full breadth of the
rapidly developing and expanding field of thinking and reasoning. It contains 35 chapters by
leading international researchers, covering foundational issues as well as state-of-the-art devel-
opments, both in relation to empirical evidence and theoretical analyses.
Topics covered range across all sub-areas of thinking and reasoning, including deduction,
induction, abduction, judgment, decision making, argumentation, problem solving, expertise,
creativity and rationality. The contributors engage with cutting-edge debates and pressing con-
ceptual issues such as the status of dual-process theories of thinking, the role of unconscious,
intuitive, emotional and metacognitive processes in thinking and the importance of probabilistic
conceptualisations of thinking and reasoning. In addition, authors examine the importance of
neuroscientific findings in informing theoretical developments, as well as the situated nature of
thinking and reasoning across a range of real-world contexts such as mathematics, medicine and
science.
The Handbook provides a clear sense of the way in which contemporary ideas are chal-
lenging traditional viewpoints in what is now referred to as the “new paradigm psychology
of reasoning”. This paradigm-shifting research is paving the way toward a far richer and more
encompassing understanding of the nature of thinking and reasoning, where important new
questions drive a forward-looking research agenda. It is essential reading for both established
researchers in the field of thinking and reasoning as well as advanced students wishing to learn
more about both the historical foundations and the very latest developments in this rapidly
growing area.
Linden J. Ball is Professor of Cognitive Psychology and Dean of Psychology at the University
of Central Lancashire. He is Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Cognitive Psychology, Associate Editor
of Thinking & Reasoning and Editor of Routledge’s Current Issues in Thinking & Reasoning book
series.
Valerie A. Thompson is Professor of Cognitive Psychology at the University of Saskatchewan.
She is Past President of the Canadian Society of Brain, Behaviour, and Cognitive Science, and is
currently Editor-in-Chief of Thinking & Reasoning.
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Edited by Cathrine V. Jansson-Boyd, Magdalena J. Zawisza
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THE ROUTLEDGE
INTERNATIONAL
HANDBOOK OF THINKING
AND REASONING
Edited by Linden J. Ball
and Valerie A. Thompson
First published 2018
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2018 selection and editorial matter, Linden J. Ball and Valerie A.
Thompson; individual chapters, the contributors
The right of Linden J. Ball and Valerie A. Thompson to be identified as the
authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual
chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation
without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested
ISBN: 978-1-138-84930-3 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-72569-7 (ebk)
Typeset in Bembo
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
We would like to dedicate this Handbook to our academic advisors, who mentored and
inspired us:
Linden to Jonathan St. B. T. Evans, who helped to set me off down the fascinating
path of thinking and reasoning research and who was always an exemplar of what it
means to be an exceptional cognitive scientist.
Valerie to the memory of Allan Paivio, who was a model of experimental rigour,
theoretical precision, and integrity in and out of the laboratory. I constantly aspire to
meet the stellar standard he set.
CONTENTS
Contributors xii
Preface xix
1 Meta-Reasoning: shedding metacognitive light on reasoning research 1
Rakefet Ackerman and Valerie A. Thompson
2 Belief bias and reasoning 16
Linden J. Ball and Valerie A. Thompson
3 Intuitive thinking 37
Tilmann Betsch and Pablina Roth
4 Emotion and reasoning 57
Isabelle Blanchette, Serge Caparos, and Bastien Trémolière
5 Counterfactual reasoning and imagination 71
Ruth M. J. Byrne
6 Fallacies of argumentation 88
Peter J. Collins and Ulrike Hahn
7 Medical decision making 109
Pat Croskerry
8 The new paradigm in psychology of reasoning 130
Shira Elqayam
ix
Description:The Routledge International Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning is an authoritative reference work providing a balanced overview of current scholarship spanning the full breadth of the rapidly developing and expanding field of thinking and reasoning. It contains 35 chapters written by leading interna
