International Handbook of Occupational Therapy Interventions

899 Pages·2015·21.32 MB·English

by  Ingrid Söderback (eds.)

International Handbook of Occupational
Therapy Interventions
Ingrid Söderback
Editor
International Handbook
of Occupational Therapy
Interventions
Second Edition
Editor
Ingrid Söderback
Associate Professor, Karolinska Institute
Stockholm
Sweden
Affiliated as researcher to Jönköping
University
School of Health Sciences (HHJ)
Department of Rehabilitation
Barnarpsgatan
Jönköping
Sweden
ISBN 978-3-319-08140-3 ISBN 978-3-319-08141-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-08141-0
Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2014953967
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Foreword
It is my pleasure to contribute to the second edition of the International Handbook
of Occupational Therapy Interventions. This book is unique in that it emphasizes
the clinical aspects of occupational therapy from the perspectives of practitioners
and students.
Now it is a momentous time to be an occupational therapist. Occupational therapy
is one of the fastest growing health professions in the world. Areas of the world such
as Africa, Eastern Europe and the Middle East where occupational therapy did not
exist 30 years ago are developing occupational therapy practices. In the industrial-
ized world occupational therapy is expanding its scope of practice to neonatal units,
Alzheimer’s treatment facilities, school systems integrating children with autism
and other developmental disabilities into mainstream curriculums, primary preven-
tion programs such as preventing falls in the aging and high technology rehabilita-
tion programs for individuals with severe disabilities. What are the pressing issues
in healthcare that are changing the scope of occupational therapy? These include:
• Cost containment, i.e., utilizing the health resources of a country to its maximum
• Population demography changes, i.e., treating increasing older individuals with
chronic disabilities
• Increased home health services, i.e., providing services as people age in their
own homes
• Specialized vs. generalist roles, i.e., utilizing specialist functions to treat patients
holistically such as in hand therapy
• High technology, i.e., using computer technology for communication, prosthet-
ics, low vision programs and cognitive training
• Incorporating meaningful and purposeful occupation in health promotion
• Social class gap, i.e., providing occupational therapy to the most impoverished
• Complementary/alternative medicine, e.g., incorporating tai chi, stress manage-
ment, and yoga into occupational therapy practice
• Evidence-based practice, i.e., incorporating research into clinical practice
All of these issues are impacting healthcare and are relevant to the practice of occu-
pational therapy as described in these chapters. This book reflects the advances that
occupational therapy is undergoing with the incorporation of evidence-based prac-
v
vi Foreword
tice (EBP). For example, research studies in many parts of the world are utilizing
EBP in justifying occupational therapy interventions. How are the latest findings of
clinical research incorporated into practice as reflected in this book? We recognize
that randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard in re-
search. The components of an RCT are the operational definition of the intervention
or treatment, outcome measures that are standardized, identification of a randomly
selected target population, and a research design that has a control group that can
be replicated. All of these components increase the validity of the results and the
generalizability to a clinical population. The most important aspect of a clinical
research study is that the results generate further research and improve practice.
The transferability of the results to clinical practice depends upon the quality of the
research design and the operational definition of the patient population. Best prac-
tice in occupational therapy reflects the ongoing improvement of clinical practice
as exemplified in this text.
In addition to incorporating EBP in the text, the authors have used Socratic Case
Studies to describe how patient assessment and intervention are dynamically re-
lated. It is a method that enables the reader to interact with the authors in arriving
at creative solutions through clinical reasoning and problem solving. New chapters
have been added regarding the application of, for examples telemedicine to occupa-
tional therapy and palliative hospice care.
Franklin Stein PhD, OTR, FAOTA,
Professor Emeritus,
Founding Editor,
Occupational Therapy International
Preface
To be occupied is a fundamental right of every person, regardless of having a dis-
ability or living in an obstructive environment. Occupational therapists encourage
and contribute to individuals’ potential to perform activities and carry out occupa-
tions at home, at school, at work, and in the community. The main expected out-
comes of applying occupational therapy interventions (OTIs) are clients’ optimal
adaptations, learning/re-learning, recovery, health, and wellness.
International Handbook of Occupational Therapy Interventions, Second Edition
comprehensively discusses:
• The research methodology and extensive literature reviews that constitute the
basis of the first and second editions
• The scientific evidence with the aim of validating the suggested taxonomy of
OTIs; the “Occupational Therapy Intervention Framework” (OTIF)
• Theoretical core knowledge that is necessary for understanding clinical praxis
• Specific evidence-based OTIs presented in 52 chapters
• Interactive clinical case studies reflecting particular OTIs
The purpose of the handbook is to outline occupational therapists’ professional
skills and activities, i.e., to provide a description of evidence-based OTIs used in
clinical praxis worldwide. The main professional roles of occupational therapists
are to:
• Manage and facilitate clients’ adaptations
• Guide/teach clients’ learning or re-learning
• Enable and maximize clients’ recovery
• Prevent clients’ occupational ill health and promote health and wellness
The handbook is an encyclopedic practical reference for:
• Students of occupational therapy who are developing their knowledge and skills
• Practicing occupational therapists who want to update and fine-tune their knowl-
edge and skills
• Members of rehabilitation and health care teams, stakeholders, and others who
want information about the praxis of occupational therapy and the role of occu-
pational therapists.
vii
viii Preface
International Handbook of Occupational Therapy Interventions, Second Edition
is one of many generative discourses aimed at providing education in occupational
therapy and information about OTIs. Thus, it is a source for the further research and
development of the occupational therapy field and practice.
Ingrid Söderback
Nacka, Sweden
Acknowledgments
I want to express my sincere gratitude to the 116 authors who contributed to Inter-
national Handbook of Occupational Therapy Interventions, Second Edition. With-
out your extensive efforts, this book would not have become a reality. Your expert
knowledge has enriched our professional knowledge by demonstrating how occu-
pational therapy interventions are international applied.
Special thanks to my colleague Kathryn Magill for your contribution, advice,
and language criticism.
I am grateful to the clients whose cases are discussed in the interactive case
studies.
My deepest gratitude is due to my family and friends who encouraged me to
embrace this edition and for your tireless support during this process.
I also want to express my appreciation to Springer Science + Business Media
Editor Janice Stern, for giving me the confidence to carry out the work.
Ingrid Söderback
Nacka, Sweden
ix
Contents
Foreword ........................................................................................................... v
Preface ............................................................................................................... vii
Contributors ..................................................................................................... xix
Part I Occupational Therapy: Basic Information
1 International Perspective on Occupational Therapy:
The Past—The Present—The Future ....................................................... 3
Ingrid Söderback
2 T he Genesis of International Handbook of Occupational
Therapy Interventions ............................................................................... 19
Ingrid Söderback
3 T owards a Taxonomy of Occupational Therapy Interventions:
A Comparative Literature Analysis of Scientific Review Publications
Published 2008–2013 .................................................................................. 27
Ingrid Söderback and Kathryn L. Magill
4 Occupational Therapy: Emphasis on Clinical Practice.......................... 53
Ingrid Söderback
5 Clinical Reasoning Process: Cornerstone of Effective
Occupational Therapy Practice ................................................................ 73
Annie Carrier, Mélanie Levasseu, Denis Bédard and Johanne Desrosiers
6 Ethical Considerations and Priority in Occupational Therapy ............. 83
Mari Broqvist and Margareta Lindberg
xi