Table Of Contentfromtmatter.fm Page 1 Sunday, August 19, 2001 1:29 PM
I
NTERNATIONAL
E
NVIRONMENTAL
S H
TANDARDS ANDBOOK
Scott S. Olson
CRC Press
Boca Raton New York London Tokyo
1999 CRC Press LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Olson, Scott S.
International environmental standards handbook / Scott S.
Olson.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-56670-270-4 (alk. paper)
1. Environmental management. 1. Title.
GE300.038 1999
363.7'05-dc2l 99-13383
CIP
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is
quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references am listed. Reasonable efforts have
been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for
the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use,
Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording. or by any information storage or retrieval system,
without prior permission in writing from the publisher.
The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new
works, or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC for such copying.
Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC, 2000 N.W. Corporate Blvd., Boca Raton. Florida 33431.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only
for identification and explanation, without intent to infringe.
© 1999 by CRC Press LLC
Lewis Publishers is an imprint of CRC Press LLC
No claim to original U.S. Government works
International Standard Book Number 1-56670-270-4
Library of Congress Card Number 99-13383
Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
Printed on acid-free paper
© 1999 by CRC Press LLC
fromtmatter.fm Page 3 Sunday, August 19, 2001 1:29 PM
“If Delicate Arch has any significance it lies, I will venture, in the
power of the odd and unexpected to startle the senses and surprise the
mind out of their ruts of habit, to compel us into a reawakened
awareness of the wonderful—that which is full of wonder.”
Edward Abbey
1999 CRC Press LLC
fromtmatter.fm Page 4 Sunday, August 19, 2001 1:29 PM
Author
Scott Olson is Director of the Colorado Environmental Training Center and former Chair of the
Environmental, Health and Safety Department at Red Rocks Community College in Lakewood,
Colorado. He is a faculty instructor and coordinator of the Water Quality Management and Envi-
ronmental and Safety Technology Degree programs. Mr. Olson is also a program chair and instructor
for the Rocky Mountain Education Center, OSHA Training Institute at Red Rocks Community
College. He is a member of the Board of Directors for the Rocky Mountain Hazardous Materials
Association representing training and education. His company, Altitude Training Associates, pro-
vides environmental, health and safety training to a variety of organizations.
1999 CRC Press LLC
fromtmatter.fm Page 5 Sunday, August 19, 2001 1:29 PM
Contents
Part I–Introduction to International Environmental Standards
Chapter 1 Introduction
Part II–International Conventions, Treaties, and Agreements
Chapter 2 An Introduction to International Environmental Controls
An Overview of International Conventions and Agreements
The Relationship Between International Trade and Environmental Controls
NEPA Influence on International Environmental Controls
New Tools for Providing Proactive Environmental Control
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3 The Influence of Command and Control Regulations
Introduction
References
Chapter 4 Key International Agreements
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Objectives of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Summary of the Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (As Agreed Upon
by the Three Parties)
Treaty of Rome, 1952, Single European Act, 1987, and the Maastricht Treaty, 1992
Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (1972)
Text of the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human
Environment (1972)
The Rio Declaration On Environment And Development (1992)
Text of the Rio Declaration
World Charter for Nature (1982)
Text of the World Charter for Nature
References
Chapter 5 Media-Specific Conventions, Agreements and Standards
Introduction
Media-Specific Regulations for Selected Countries
Australia
Austria
Belarus
Bermuda
Canada (Federal)
1999 CRC Press LLC
fromtmatter.fm Page 6 Sunday, August 19, 2001 1:29 PM
China
Czech Republic
France
Germany
India
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Mexico
The Netherlands
Poland
Russian Federation
Singapore
South Korea
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Air Pollution
U.S.-Canada Bilateral Air Quality Agreement, 1991
Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, 1979
Other Agreements (actions by the UNEP and EU)
British Standards Institute (BSI)
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
Water Resources
Protection of Freshwater Resources
Protection of the Oceans and the Marine Environment
The European Union
European Union Directives
American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM)
Specific ASTM Water Standards (partial list)
Waste
The Basel Convention (UNEP) on the Control of Transboundary, 1989
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
U.S. Bilateral Agreements
EU Directives
ASTM Standards
Additional Standards
International Treaties Relating to the Environment
Air Pollution and the Ozone Layer
Oceans and the Marine Environment
Listing of International Treaties Relating to the Environment
International Treaties Relating to the Environment (alphabetical)
International Treaties Relating to the Environment (North America)
Part III–Environmental Standards
Chapter 6 An Introduction to International Standards Organizations and the
Development Process
Standards Organizations in the United States
International Standardization Activities of ASTM
International Standardization Activities of ISO
1999 CRC Press LLC
fromtmatter.fm Page 7 Sunday, August 19, 2001 1:29 PM
Responsibilities for the Technical Work of ISO
Current International Standardization Activities of ANSI
Development of International Environmental Laws
Development of European Union Directives
Development of National Law
Chapter 7 Guiding Principles and Practices for Business
Introduction
Bellagio Principles
CERES Principles
Protection of the Biosphere
Sustainable Use of Natural Resources
Reduction and Disposal of Wastes
Energy Conservation
Risk Reduction
Safe Products and Services
Environmental Restoration
Informing the Public
Management Commitment
Audits and Reports
Responsible Care
International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), World Business Organization
The Business Charter for Sustainable Development
The PERI Guidelines
Professional Codes
World Federation of Engineering Organizations, Code of Ethics
References
Chapter 8 Programs of the United Nations
Introduction
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)
Introduction
UNCED Collection
Agenda 21
United Nations Environment Program
Programs of the United Nations
UNEP Environmental Guidelines
The World Health Organization (WHO)
Regional and Other Offices
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
Conventions for which UNEP Provides Secretariat
Sources of Additional Information
References
Chapter 9 Environmental Management Systems
Introduction to Environmental Management Systems (EMS)
ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems
Technical Committee 207 (TC 207) Environmental Management
Introduction to ISO 14001
ISO 14001: A Recommended Approach
1999 CRC Press LLC
fromtmatter.fm Page 8 Sunday, August 19, 2001 1:29 PM
Other ISO Standards
Eco-Management and Audit Scheme, EU Directive
British National Standard, BS 7750, British Standards Institution (BSI)
Environmental Auditing
U.S. Regulatory Policy Toward EMSs and ISO 14001
U.S. Regulatory Setting, Background, and History
The Impact of USEPA’s Regulatory Reinvention Efforts
The USEPA/NEIC Compliance Focused EMS
Major Federal Agency EMS/ISO Initiatives
The Department of Energy (DOE)
Department of Defense (DOD)
Industry Response to ISO 14000 in the United States
Emerging Trends in Strategic Environmental Management
EPA Position Statement on Environmental Management Systems and ISO14001 and a
Request for Comments on the Nature of the Data to be Collected from Environmental
Management System ISO14001 Pilots
Environmental Protection Agency
Important Organizations and Terms for Environmental Management Systems (terms
from ISO 14001)
Agencies and Organizations Conducting EMS Activities
Environmental Management Secretariat for Latin America and the Caribbean
Federal Agencies of the United States, Initiatives for Environmental Management
U.S. States (Includes Pollution Prevention Programs)
Sources of Additional Information
Documents and Publications
Internet sites for European Union Institutions
References
Chapter 10 The European Union
EU Directives and Environmental Programs
Examples of EU Directives
EU Environmental Programs
Europe and Sustainable Development
European Consultive Forum on the Environment and Sustainable Development
IMPEL Network of Authorities in the Member States
Environmental Policy Review Group
EU Standards for the Safety of Machinery
European Community Legislation on Machinery
Summary of the Essential Health and Safety Requirements Relating to the Design
and Construction of Machinery
Directory of Community Legislation in Force Relating to the Environment
References
Part IV–Environmental Protection in the United States
Chapter 11 U.S. Laws and Regulations
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969
Historic, Scientific, and Cultural Resources
Historic Sites Act (1935), 16 USC
National Historic Preservation Act (1966), 16 USC
1999 CRC Press LLC
fromtmatter.fm Page 9 Sunday, August 19, 2001 1:29 PM
Preservation of Historical and Archeological Data (1960), 16 USC
Protection and Enhancement of the Cultural Environment (1971)
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA)
Basic Goals of TSCA
How EPA Can Regulate Chemical Substances Under TSCA
Items Not Covered By TSCA
Basic Requirements
Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Clean Air Act
History
Provisions of the Law
Hazardous Air Pollutants
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS)
Other Provisions
Summary of the 1990 CAA Amendments
Example of State Air Regulation: Colorado, U.S.
Air Quality Control Commission (AQCC)
Air Pollution Control Division (APCD)
State Implementation Plan
Local Planning Commission (LPC)
Colorado Programs
Clean Air Act of 1990
Reporting HAPs on Air Pollution Emission Notices in the State of Colorado
State Implementation Plans
Permits (Title V)
Acid Deposition Control (Title IV)
Stratospheric Ozone Protection
Water Resources
Federal Water Pollution Control Act (Clean Water Act)
Wetlands
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), Public Law 93-523
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
Goals of RCRA
Four Main Programs Under RCRA
Definition of Solid and Hazardous Wastes (40 CFR 261)
Regulations Applicable to Generators of Hazardous Waste
Transportation Emergencies Involving Hazardous Waste
Land Disposal Restrictions
Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities (Subtitle C Parts 264 and 265)
Underground Storage Tanks (USTs)
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) and Emergency Planning and
Community Right-to-Know Act TITLE III
General Provisions
Emergency Planning
Emergency Release Notification (Section 304, 40 CFR Part 355)
Community Right-to-Know Reporting Requirements (Sections 311, 312,
40 CFR Part 370)
Toxic Chemical Release Reporting (Section 313, 40 CFR Part 372)
Making Sense of SARA Title III Regulatory Citations
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)
1999 CRC Press LLC
fromtmatter.fm Page 10 Sunday, August 19, 2001 1:29 PM
Summary of the Regulation
Additional Information
References
Part V–Sources of Additional Information
Chapter 12 Directory of Organizations and Agencies
Environmental Agencies of the World
Albania
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Caribbean Centre for Development Administration (CARICAD)
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo
Costa Rica
Cote D’Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Democratic Republic of the Congo
1999 CRC Press LLC
