International Encyclopedia of Political Science

3996 Pages·2015·33.74 MB·English

International
Encyclopedia of
Political Science

Bertrand Badie

Editorial Board
General Editors
Bertrand Badie
Institut d'études politiques (Sciences Po)
Paris, France
Dirk Berg-Schlosser
Philipps-Universität Marburg
Marburg, Germany
Leonardo Morlino
LUISS Guido Carli
Rome, Italy
Associate Editors
Nathaniel Beck Takashi Inoguchi
New York University University of Niigata Prefecture
New York City, New York, United States Tokyo, Japan
Walter Carlsnaes B. Guy Peters
Uppsala Universitet University of Pittsburgh
Uppsala, Sweden Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

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B 1/I 1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044
International encyclopedia of political science / edited by Bertrand
India
Badie, Dirk Berg-Schlosser, Leonardo Morlino.
SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte. Ltd.
8 v. cm.
33 Pekin Street #02-01
A SAGE Reference publication.
Far East Square
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Singapore 048763
ISBN 978-1-4129-5963-6 (cloth)
1. Political science—Encyclopedias. I. Badie, Bertrand.
II. Berg-Schlosser, Dirk. III. Morlino, Leonardo
JA61.I58 2011
Publisher: Rolf A. Janke
320.03—dc22 2011009801
Assistant to the Publisher: Michele Thompson
Developmental Editor: Diana E. Axelsen
Production Editor: Tracy Buyan
11 12 13 14 15 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Reference Systems Manager: Leticia Gutierrez
Reference Systems Coordinator: Laura Notton
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Typesetter: C&M Digitals (P) Ltd.
Proofreaders: Kate Peterson, Olivia Weber-Stenis
Indexer: Mary Mortensen
Cover Designer: Janet Kiesel
Marketing Manager: Kristi Ward
Contents
List of Entries
vii
Reader’s Guide
xv
1
About the General Editors
xxiii
Contributors
xxv
Preface
xlix
Introduction to Political Science
li
Entries
A 1
B 129
C 183
Index
I-1

List of Entries
Accountability Beliefs
Accountability, Electoral Bilateralism
Accountability, Interinstitutional Biology and Politics
Administration Bipolarity and Multipolarity
Administration Theory Boolean Algebra
Advocacy Bootstrap. See Robust Statistics
Advocacy Coalition Framework Breakdown of Political Systems
Advocacy Networks, Transnational Buddhism
African Political Thought Budgeting, Rational Models
Agencies Bureaucracy
Agenda Setting Bureaucracy, Rational Choice Models
Aggregate Data Analysis Bureaucracy, Street-Level
Alienation
Alliances Cabinets
Analysis of Variance Capitalism
Analytic Narratives: Applications Case Studies
Analytic Narratives: The Method Categorical Response Data
Anarchism Caudillismo
Anarcho-Syndicalism. See Anarchism; Anarchy Causal Heterogeneity. See Causality
Anarchy Causality
Anomia Censored and Truncated Data
Apathy Censorship
Area Studies Central Banks
Arms Race Change, Institutional
Attitude Consistency Charisma
Attitudes, Political Christian Democratic Parties
Audit Society Christianity
Auditing Church–State Relationships
Authoritarian Regimes Citizenship
Authority. See Legitimacy Civic Culture
Autonomy, Administrative Civic Participation
Autonomy, Subnational Civil Service
Autonomy and Sovereignty. See Sovereignty Civil Society
Civil War
Balance of Power Class, Social
Bargaining Cleavages, Social and Political
Bayesian Analysis. See Statistical Inference, Clientelism
Classical and Bayesian Coalitions
Behavioralism Cohort Analysis
vii
viii List of Entries
Cold War. See Balance of Power; Bipolarity and Data, Archival
Multipolarity; Superpower; Totalitarian Regimes; Data, Missing
Transatlantic Relations; War and Peace Data, Spatial
Collaboration Data, Textual
Collective Security Data Analysis, Exploratory
Colonialism Data Visualization
Common Goods Decentralization
Communism Delegation
Communist Parties Deliberative Policy Making
Communist Systems Democracy, Consociational
Communitarianism Democracy, Direct
Comparative Methods Democracy, Quality
Comparative Politics Democracy, Theories of
Competition, Political Democracy, Types of
Complexity Democracy: Chinese Perspectives
Compliance Democracy: Middle East Perspectives
Concept Formation Democracy: Russian Perspectives
Conditionality Democratic Consolidation
Conditions, Necessary and Sufficient Democratic Peace
Configurational Comparative Methods Democratization
Conflict Resolution Dependency Theory
Conflict Theory. See Conflict Resolution Deregulation
Conflicts Détente
Confucianism Deterrence. See Arms Race
Consensus Developing World and International Relations
Conservatism Development, Political
Conservative Parties Development Administration
Constitutional Engineering Diaspora
Constitutionalism Dictatorship
Constructivism Diplomacy
Constructivism in International Relations Disarmament
Containment Discipline of Political Science, The. See
Contingency Theory Introduction to Political Science (Volume 1)
Contract Theory Discontent. See Dissatisfaction, Political
Cooperation Discourse Analysis
Coordination Discretion
Corporativism Discriminant Analysis/Classification. See
Correlation Categorical Response Data
Correspondence Analysis Discrimination
Corruption Discursive Institutionalism
Corruption, Administrative Discursive Policy Analysis
Cost–Benefit Analysis Dissatisfaction, Political
Credible Commitment Domestic Politics and International Relations
Crisis Durkheim, Émile
Crisis Management
Critical Theory Economic Policy
Critical Theory in International Relations Economic Statecraft
Cross-National Surveys Economic Theories of Politics
Cross-Tabular Analysis Effectiveness, Bureaucratic
Culturalism Efficacy, Political
List of Entries ix
Election by Lot Formal Theory. See Game Theory;
Election Observation Social Choice Theory
Election Research Freedom. See Liberty
Elections, Primary Functionalism
Elections, Volatility Fundamentalism
Electoral Behavior Fundamentalist Movements, Islamic
Electoral Campaigns Fuzzy-Set Analysis
Electoral Geography
Electoral Systems Game Theory
Electoral Turnout Gender
Elites Generalized Least Squares. See Weighted Least
Elitism Squares
Empire Genocide
Empowerment Geopolitics
English School in International Relations. Globalization
See International Society Governance
Environmental Issues Governance, Administration Policies
Environmental Policy Governance, Global
Environmental Security Studies Governance, Good
Epistemic Communities Governance, Informal
Epistemological and Methodological Governance, Multilevel
Foundations Governance, Urban
Equality Governance Networks
Equality, Political Government
Equilibrium. See Game Theory Granger Causality
Ethics Graphics, Statistical
Ethnicity Greek Philosophy
Ethnographic Methods Green Parties
Europe as an International Actor Grounded Theory
European Integration Groupthink
Europeanization of Policy
Evaluation Research Health Policy
Event Counts Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich
Event History Analysis Hegemony
Evidence-Based Policy Hermeneutics
Executive Hierarchical/Multilevel Models.
Experiments, Field See Multilevel Analysis
Experiments, Laboratory Hinduism
Experiments, Natural Historical Memory
Historical Sociology
Factor Analysis History of Political Science
Fair Division Hobbes, Thomas
Fascism Human Development
Fascist Movements Human Rights, Comparative Perspectives
Federalism Human Rights in International Relations
Feminism Hybrid Regimes
Feminist Movements Hypothesis Testing
Feminist Theory in International Relations
Foreign Aid and Development Idealism
Foreign Policy Analysis Idealism in International Relations