International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers. Vol. 2: Directors

1324 Pages·2000·30.87 MB·English

by  Sara Pendergast

International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers- 2
DIRECTORS
FOURTH EDITION
EDITORS
TOMPENDERGAST
SARAPENDERGAST
International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers-2
DIRECTORS
International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers
Volume 1
FILMS
Volume 2
DIRECTORS
Volume 3
ACTORS and ACTRESSES
Volume 4
WRITERS and PRODUCTION ARTISTS
Tom Pendergast, Sara Pendergast, Editors
Michael J. Tyrkus, Project Coordinator
Michelle Banks, Erin Bealmear, Laura Standley Berger, Joann Cerrito,
Jim Craddock, Steve Cusack, Nicolet V. Elert, Miranda H. Ferrara, Kristin Hart,
Melissa Hill, Laura S. Kryhoski, Margaret Mazurkiewicz, Carol Schwartz, and Christine Tomassini,
St. James Press Staff
Peter M. Gareffa, Managing Editor
Maria Franklin, Permissions Manager
Debra J. Freitas, Permissions Assistant
Mary Grimes, Leitha Etheridge-Sims, Image Catalogers
Mary Beth Trimper, Composition Manager
Dorothy Maki, Manufacturing Manager
Rhonda Williams, Senior Buyer
Cynthia Baldwin, Product Design Manager
Michael Logusz, Graphic Artist
Randy Bassett, Image Database Supervisor
Robert Duncan, Imaging Specialists
Pamela A. Reed, Imaging Coordinator
Dean Dauphinais, Senior Editor, Imaging and Multimedia Content
While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, St. James Press does
not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. St. James Press accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion of any
organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher.
Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future
editions.
This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret,
unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual
material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and
classification of the information.
All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.
Copyright © 2000
St. James Press
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Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535
All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
International dictionary of films and filmmakers / editors, Tom Pendergast, Sara Pendergast.—4th ed.
p. cm.
Contents: 1. Films — 2. Directors — 3. Actors and actresses — 4. Writers and production artists.
ISBN 1-55862-449-X (set) — ISBN 1-55862-450-3 (v. 1) — ISBN 1-55862-477-5 (v. 2)
— ISBN 1-55862-452-X (v. 3) — ISBN 1-55862-453-8 (v. 4)
1. Motion pictures—Plots, themes, etc. 2. Motion picture producers and directors—Biography—
Dictionaries. 3. Motion picture actors and actresses—Biography—Dictionaries. 4. Screenwriters—
Biography—Dictionaries. I. Pendergast, Tom. II. Pendergast, Sara.
PN1997.8.I58 2000
791.43’03—dc2100-064024 CIP
Cover photograph—David Cronenberg courtesy the Kobal Collection
Printed in the United States of America
St. James Press is an imprint of Gale Group
Gale Group and Design is a trademark used herein under license
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS
EDITORS’ NOTE vii
BOARD OF ADVISERS ix
CONTRIBUTORS xi
LIST OF ENTRANTS xiii
DIRECTORS 1
PICTURE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1111
NOTES ON ADVISERS AND CONTRIBUTORS 1115
NATIONALITY INDEX 1127
FILM TITLE INDEX 1133
EDITORS’ NOTE
This is a revised edition of the 2nd volume of the International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers, which also includes Volume 1,
Films, Volume 3, Actors and Actresses, and Volume 4, Writers and Production Artists. The book comprises more than 483 entries,
consisting of a brief biography, a complete filmography, a selected bibliography of works by and about the entrant, and a critical
essay written by a specialist in the field. There are 66 entrants new to this edition. Most of the entries from the previous edition have
been retained here; all entries have updated filmographies and bibliographies; and many entries have updated critical essays. Since
film is primarily a visual medium, the majority of entries are illustrated, either by a portrait or by a representative still from the
entrant’s body of work.
The selection of entrants is once again based on the recommendations of the advisory board. It was not thought necessary to propose
strict criteria for selection: the book is intended to represent the wide range of interests within North American, British, and West
European film scholarship and criticism. The eclecticism in both the list of entrants and the critical stances of the different writers
emphasizes the multifarious notions of the cinema, and indeed of the various entrants’ role within it. On the vexing question of
authorship in the cinema, it is to be hoped that this volume is properly seen in the context of a series which also focuses on the
contribution to the cinema or actors and actresses (Volume 3), along with screenwriters, cinematographers, editors, animators,
composers, and other production artists (Volume 4), as well as the individual films themselves (Volume 1).
Thanks are due to the following: Nicolet V. Elert and Michael J. Tyrkus at St. James Press, for their efforts in preparing this
collection for publication; Michael Najjar, for his tireless efforts in researching the entries; our advisers, for their wisdom and broad
knowledge of international cinema; and our contributors, for their gracious participation. We have necessarily built upon the work
of the editors who have preceded us, and we thank them for the strong foundation they created.
A Note on the Entries
Non-English language film titles are given in the original language or a transliteration of it, unless they are better known
internationally by their English title. Alternate release titles in the original language(s) are found within parentheses, followed by
release titles in English (American then British if there is a difference) and translations. The date of a film is understood to refer to its
year of release unless stated otherwise.
In the list of films in each entry, information within parentheses following each film modifies, if necessary, then adds to the subject’s
principal function(s). The most common abbreviations used are:
an animator
assoc associate
asst assistant
chor choreographer
d director
ed editor
exec executive
mus music
ph cinematographer or director of photography
pr producer
prod des production designer
ro role
sc scenarist or scriptwriter
The abbreviation ‘‘co-’’ preceding a function indicates collaboration with one or more persons. Other abbreviations that may be
used to clarify the nature of an individual film are ‘‘doc’’—documentary; ‘‘anim’’—animation; and ‘‘ep’’—episode. A name in
parentheses following a film title is that of the director. A film title in boldface type indicates that complete coverage of that film may
be found in the International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers, Volume 1: Films.
vii
BOARD OF ADVISERS
Dudley Andrew Susan K. Larsen
Jeanine Basinger Audrey T. McCluskey
Ronald Bergan Ib Monty
Lewis Cole Gary Morris
Gary Crowdus Dan Nissen
Robert von Dassanowsky Julian Petley
Jack C. Ellis Christopher Pickard
Susan Felleman Dana B. Polan
Ben Gibson Paul Shields
Douglas Gomery Frank P. Tomasulo
Rajko Grlic Leonardo Garcia Tsao
Robyn Karney Aruna Vasudevan
Philip Kemp
ix
CONTRIBUTORS
Charles Affron Douglas Gomery Liam O’Leary
Mirella Jona Affron Justin Gustainis Vladimír Opela
Dudley Andrew Patricia King Hanson Dayna Oscherwitz
Roy Armes Stephen L. Hanson R. Barton Palmer
José Arroyo Ann Harris Robert J. Pardi
Erik Barnouw Louise Heck-Rabi Richard Peña
Jeanine Basinger Ellie Higgins Julian Petley
John Baxter Kevin Hillstrom Duncan J. Petrie
Birgit Beumers Kyoko Hirano Françoise Pfaff
Audie Bock Judy Hoffman Gene D. Phillips
DeWitt Bodeen Deborah H. Holdstein Zuzana Mirjam Pick
David Bordwell Guo-Juin Hong Dana B. Polan
Ronald Bowers Robert Horton Richard Porton
Stephen E. Bowles Vivian Huang Victoria Price
Stephen Brophy Stuart M. Kaminsky Lauren Rabinovitz
Geoff Brown Joel Kanoff Maria Racheva
Robert Burgoyne Robyn Karney Herbert Reynolds
Julianne Burton
Dave Kehr Chris Routledge
Fred Camper
Philip Kemp E. Rubinstein
Ross Care
Satti Khanna Marie Saeli
Michel Ciment
Tammy Kinsey Curtis Schade
Elizabeth Cline
Katherine Singer Kovács Lillian Schiff
Cynthia Close
Audrey E. Kupferberg Steven Schneider
Tom Conley
Joseph Lanza H. Wayne Schuth
Samantha Cook
Samuel Lelievre Michael Selig
Kevin J. Costa
James L. Limbacher David Shipman
R. F. Cousins
Richard Lippe Ulrike Sieglohr
Tony D’Arpino
Kimball Lockhart Charles L. P. Silet
Gertraud Steiner Daviau
Janet E. Lorenz Scott Simmon
Pamala S. Deane
Glenn Lovell P. Adams Sitney
Charles Derry
Ed Lowry Josef Skvorecký
Wheeler Winston Dixon
G. C. Macnab Anthony Slide
Susan Doll
Elaine Mancini Edward S. Small
Robert Dunbar
Roger Manvell Eric Smoodin
Raymond Durgnat
Gina Marchetti Cecile Starr
Rob Edelman
Gerald Mast Bob Sullivan
Robert Edmonds
John McCarty Karel Tabery
Jack C. Ellis
Gretchen Elsner-Sommer Vacláv Merhaut Richard Taylor
Patricia Erens Russell Merritt J. P. Telotte
Mark W. Estrin Lloyd Michaels John C. Tibbetts
Quentin Falk Joseph Milicia Doug Tomlinson
Greg Faller Norman Miller Andrew Tudor
Rodney Farnsworth Ib Monty Blažena Urgošíková
Howard Feinstein James Morrison Ravi Vasudevan
Susan Felleman John Mraz Dorothee Verdaasdonk
Leslie Felperin William T. Murphy Ginette Vincendeau
Lilie Ferrari Ray Narducy Mark Walker
Theresa FitzGerald Dennis Nastav James M. Welsh
Manuel Dos Santos Fonseca Kim Newman Dennis West
Alexa Foreman Bill Nichols M. B. White
Saul Frampton Dan Nissen Colin Williams
Frances Gateward Clea H. Notar Bill Wine
Tina Gianoulis Linda J. Obalil Rob Winning
Jill Gillespie Daniel O’Brien Jessica Wolff
Verina Glaessner John O’Kane Robin Wood
xi
LIST OF ENTRANTS
Percy Adlon Charles Burnett E.A. Dupont
Chantal Akerman Tim Burton Marguerite Duras
Robert Aldrich Julien Duvivier
Woody Allen Michael Cacoyannis Allan Dwan
Pedro Almodóvar James Cameron
Robert Altman Jane Campion Clint Eastwood
Santiago Alvarez Frank Capra Atom Egoyan
Lindsay Anderson Léos Carax Sergei Eisenstein
Theodoros Angelopoulos Marcel Carné Jean Epstein
Kenneth Anger John Carpenter Jean Eustache
Michelangelo Antonioni John Cassavetes
Michael Apted Renato Castellani Zoltán Fábri
Gregg Araki Alberto Cavalcanti Rainer Werner Fassbinder
Denys Arcand Claude Chabrol Safi Faye
Gillian Armstrong Youssef Chahine Paul Fejös
Dorothy Arzner Charles Chaplin Federico Fellini
Timothy Asch Chen Kaige Emilio Fernández
Hal Ashby Benjamin Christensen Abel Ferrara
Alexandre Astruc Věra Chytilová Louis Feuillade
Richard Attenborough Michael Cimino Jacques Feyder
Bille August Souleymane Cissé David Fincher
Claude Autant-Lara René Clair Robert Flaherty
Shirley Clarke Victor Fleming
Lloyd Bacon Jack Clayton Robert Florey
John Badham René Clement John Ford
Bruce Baillie Henri-Georges Clouzot Milos Forman
Juan Antonio Bardem Jean Cocteau Willi Forst
Boris Barnet Joel Coen Bill Forsyth
Paul Bartel Martha Coolidge Bob Fosse
Evgeni Bauer Francis Ford Coppola John Frankenheimer
Mario Bava Roger Corman Sidney Franklin
Jacques Becker Constantin Costa-Gavras Stephen Frears
Jean-Jacques Beineix Wes Craven Martin Frič
Marco Bellocchio Charles Crichton Fridrik Thor Fridriksson
Maria Luisa Bemberg John Cromwell William Friedkin
Shyam Benegal David Cronenberg Samuel Fuller
Robert Benton George Cukor
Bruce Beresford Michael Curtiz István Gaál
Ingmar Bergman Abel Gance
Busby Berkeley Joe Dante Luis García Berlanga
Claude Berri Jules Dassin Sergei Gerasimov
Bernardo Bertolucci Delmer Daves Haile Gerima
Luc Besson Emile De Antonio Pietro Germi
Kathryn Bigelow Basil Dearden Terry Gilliam
Fernando Birri Philippe de Broca Jean-Luc Godard
Bertrand Blier Fernando De Fuentes Sara Gómez
August Blom Jean Delannoy Claude Goretta
Budd Boetticher Cecil B. De Mille Heinosuke Gosho
Peter Bogdanovich Jonathan Demme Edmund Goulding
John Boorman Jacques Demy Peter Greenaway
Lizzie Borden Brian De Palma Jean Grémillon
Frank Borzage Maya Deren John Grierson
Roy and John Boulting Vittorio de Sica D. W. Griffith
Stan Brakhage Carlos Diegues Ruy Guerra
Kenneth Branagh Edward Dmytryk Yilmaz Güney
Catherine Breillat Stanley Donen Tomás Gutiérrez Alea
Robert Bresson Mark Donskoi Alice Guy
Albert Brooks Doris Dorrie Patricio Guzmán
Mel Brooks Alexander Dovzhenko
Tod Browning Carl Theodor Dreyer Bert Haanstra
Luis Buñuel Germaine Dulac Lasse Hallstrom
xiii
LIST OF ENTRANTS DIRECTORS, 4th EDITION
Susumi Hani Gregory La Cava Paul Morrissey
Hal Hartley John Landis Robert Mulligan
Howard Hawks Fritz Lang F. W. Murnau
Todd Haynes Claude Lanzmann
Josef Heifitz Alberto Lattuada Mira Nair
Astrid and Bjarne Frank Launder and Sidney Gregory Nava
Henning-Jensen Gilliat Jan Nemec
Cecil Hepworth Richard Leacock Fred Niblo
Werner Herzog David Lean Mike Nichols
Walter Hill Patrice Leconte
Alfred Hitchcock Paul Leduc
Manoel de Oliveira
Holger-Madsen Ang Lee
Ermanno Olmi
Agnieszka Holland Spike Lee
Max Ophüls
Tobe Hooper Jean-Pierre Lefebvre
Nagisa Oshima
Hou Hsiao-Hsien Mike Leigh
Idrissa Ouedraogo
Ron Howard Claude Lelouch
Yasujiro Ozu
John Huston Paul Leni
Sergio Leone
Kon Ichikawa Mervyn Leroy G. W. Pabst
Tadashi Imai Richard Lester Marcel Pagnol
Shohei Imamura Barry Levinson Alan J. Pakula
Rex Ingram Albert Lewin Euzhan Palcy
Otar Ioseliani Jerry Lewis Sergei Paradzhanov
Juzo Itami Marcel L’Herbier Alan Parker
Joris Ivens Richard Linklater Gordon Parks
James Ivory Miguel Littin Pier Paolo Pasolini
Ken Loach Giovanni Pastrone
Peter Jackson Pare Lorentz Sam Peckinpah
Miklós Jancsó Joseph Losey Arthur Penn
Derek Jarman Ernst Lubitsch Nelson Pereira dos Santos
Jim Jarmusch George Lucas Wolfgang Petersen
Humphrey Jennings Sidney Lumet Elio Petri
Norman Jewison Louis Lumière Dadasaheb Phalke
Jaromil Jireš David Lynch Maurice Pialat
Roland Joffé Lupu Pick
Neil Jordan Alexander MacKendrick Roman Polanski
Sydney Pollack
Dušan Makavejev
Abraham Polonsky
Jean-Marie Gaston Kaboré Mohsen Makhmalbaf
Gillo Pontecorvo
Karel Kachyňa Terrence Malick
Edwin S. Porter
Ján Kadár Louis Malle
Nelly Kaplan Nils Malmros Michael Powell and Emeric
Raj Kapoor Djibril Diop Mambety Pressburger
Lawrence Kasdan Rouben Mamoulian Otto Preminger
Philip Kaufman Joseph L. Mankiewicz Yakov Protazanov
Aki Kaurismaki Anthony Mann Vsevolod Pudovkin
Helmut Käutner Michael Mann
Jerzy Kawalerowicz Chris Marker Bob Rafelson
Elia Kazan Gregory Markopoulos Sam Raimi
Buster Keaton John Kennedy Marshall Yvonne Rainer
Abbas Kiarostami Albert and David Paul Maysles Man Ray
Krzysztof Kieślowski Leo McCarey Nicholas Ray
King Hu Mehboob Khan Satyajit Ray
Keisuke Kinoshita Jonas Mekas Carol Reed
Teinosuke Kinugasa Jean-Pierre Melville Rob Reiner
Alexander Kluge Jirí Menzel Karel Reisz
Masaki Kobayashi Márta Mészáros Jean Renoir
Barbara Kopple Russ Meyer Alain Resnais
Alexander Korda Oscar Micheaux Tony Richardson
Zoltan Korda Nikita Mikhalkov Leni Riefenstahl
Grigori Kozintsev Lewis Milestone Marlon Riggs
Stanley Kramer Claude Miller Arturo Ripstein
Stanley Kubrick George Miller Martin Ritt
Lev Kuleshov Vincente Minnelli Jacques Rivette
Akira Kurosawa Kenji Mizoguchi Glauber Rocha
Diane Kurys Nanni Moretti Nicolas Roeg
Emir Kusturica Errol Morris Alexander Rogozhkin
xiv