Table Of ContentInternational Development Policy:
Energy and Development
International Development Policy
Previous and forthcoming titles
AFRICA: 50 YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE, NO. 1 (2010)
FROM DEVELOPMENT AID TO GLOBAL PUBLIC POLICIES, NO. 3 (2012)
INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY:
ENERGY AND DEVELOPMENT
Editor-in-Chief
Gilles Carbonnier
Professor of Development Economics, The Graduate Institute, Geneva
Editorial Board
Jean-Louis Arcand
Professor of Development Economics, The Graduate Institute, Geneva
Suren Erkman
Director, Institute of Land Use Policies and Human Environment, University of Lausanne
Daniel Fino
Director, International Executive Master in Development Studies (IMAS),
The Graduate Institute, Geneva
Till Foerster
Professor of Social Anthropology, Institute of Social Anthropology, University of Basel
Jean-Claude Huot
General-Secretary, Swiss Catholic Lenten Fund, Lausanne
Katharina Michaelowa
Professor of Political Economy and Development, Institute of Political Science,
University of Zurich; Director, Center for Comparative and International Studies, Zurich
Gérard Perroulaz
Research Fellow, Economist, The Graduate Institute, Geneva
Dominique Rossier
Senior Lecturer and Head of Africa Section, International Executive Master in
Development Studies (IMAS), The Graduate Institute, Geneva
Marie Thorndahl
Coordinator, International Development Policy, The Graduate Institute, Geneva
Cédric Tille
Professor of International Economics, The Graduate Institute, Geneva
James Zhan
Director, Division on Investment and Enterprise, United Nations Conference on
Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
Research Assistant Emmanuel Dalle Mulle
Copy-editing and proof-reading Ceri Hammond
Figures layout Catherine Fragnière
Infographic section Gérard Perroulaz, Cartografare il presente – University of Bologna
(Cécile Marin, Coordination)
Translator Syntax Übersetzungen AG (Peter Robbins)
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© Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies 2011
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ISBN 978-0-230-28248-3 ISBN 978-0-230-31401-6 (eBook)
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
International development policy : energy and development / Graduate
Institute of International and Development Studies.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Power resources. 2. Sustainable development. I. Graduate
Institute of International and Development Studies (Geneva,
Switzerland)
HD9502.A2I576 2011
333.79–dc22
2011011817
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11
iv
CONTENTS
List of Figures vii
List of Tables ix
Preface x
Notes on Contributors xi
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations xiv
PART 1: DOSSIER
ENERGY AND DEVELOPMENT
1 Energy and Development 3
Gilles CARBONNIER and Jacques GRINEVALD
2 Towards Global Energy Governance: How to Patch the Patchwork 21
Sijbren DE JONG
3 Energy Security and Sub-Saharan Africa 44
Emily MEIERDING
4 Old Wine in New Bottles? Does Climate Policy Determine Bilateral
Development Aid for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency? 60
Axel MICHAELOWA and Katharina MICHAELOWA
5 Challenges in the Energy Sector in Eastern Europe and Central Asia:
An Evaluation of 18 Years of Swiss Economic Cooperation 87
Guy BONVIN
6 Indian Energy Policy and Strategy: Pre- and Post-Copenhagen 2009 97
Megha SHENOY, Grishma JAIN and Tara PARTHASARATHY
7 Pay to Preserve: The Global Politics of Ecuador’s Yasuní–ITT Proposal 117
Pamela L. MARTIN
PART 2: REVIEW
MAJOR DEVELOPMENT POLICY TRENDS
8 Advancing Sustainable Development in Global Trade and Multilateral
Negotiations 137
Christophe BELLMANN, Ahmed ABDEL LATIF and Jonathan HEPBURN
9 Aspects of Development Financing After the Financial and Economic Crisis 164
Bruno GURTNER
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International Development Policy
10 Migration and Development: The Policies of China and India with
Regard to their Overseas Communities 181
Jérôme ELIE, Marylène LIEBER and Christine LUTRINGER
INFOGRAPHIC SECTION
Energy and Development 197
Trends in Development Aid 211
INDEX 221
vi
LIST OF FIGURES
PART 1: DOSSIER
1.1 The golden age of oil throughout history, 0–2500 8
1.2 Global CO emissions from fossil-fuel burning, 1800–2007 9
2
2.1 Level of institutionalisation 40
2.2 Level of representativeness 40
2.3 Enforceability of compliance 40
4.1 Overall development of mitigation aid over time: (a) share of climate
change mitigation projects in total aid projects; (b) share of mitigation
projects in overall commitments 67
4.2 Evolution of oil prices 68
4.3 Traditional renewable energy: (a) hydro projects as a share of all aid
projects; (b) geothermal projects as a share of all aid projects 69
4.4 Solar and wind: (a) solar projects as a share of all aid projects;
(b) wind projects as a share of all aid projects 70
4.5 Biomass and biogas: (a) biomass projects as a share of all aid projects;
(b) biogas projects as a share of all aid projects 72
4.6 Other renewable energy and combined projects: (a) landfill gas projects
as a share of all aid projects; (b) renewable energy cross-cutting projects
as a share of all aid projects 73
4.7 Energy efficiency: (a) efficiency projects as a share of all aid projects;
(b) cogeneration projects as a share of all aid projects; (c) cookstove
efficiency projects as a share of all aid projects 75
4.A1 Decreasing aid for mitigation projects from governments sceptical
of climate policy 85
4.A2 Decreasing aid for mitigation projects from governments supporting
climate policy 85
4.A3 Oscillating aid for mitigation projects 86
4.A4 Onset of aid for mitigation projects only after the start of climate policy 86
5.1 Average corruption indicator (1996–2008) versus efficiency of SECO’s
interventions 93
6.1 India’s energy consumption, by source of energy 99
6.2 Growth of primary energy consumption in India, US, China,
Switzerland and Nigeria 100
6.3 Annual population growth in India, China and the world 101
6.4 Per capita energy consumption in India and the world 103
6.5 India’s consumption of electricity, by various sectors of the economy 104
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International Development Policy
6.6 India’s energy intensity compared to that of China, Switzerland and
the world 104
7.1 Yasuní National Park and the ITT oil block 118
7.2 Dynamic processes of global governance networks 120
7.3 Yasuní Fund 125
PART 2: REVIEW
8.1 Quarterly exports by region and selected economies 139
8.2 Quarterly imports by region and selected economies 140
8.3 Estimated impact of the draft Doha agriculture text on cotton net trade
values (percentage change), 1998–2007 averages 144
8.4 Share of LDCs’ exports affected by an exclusion of 3 per cent of tariff
lines in DFQF in selected export markets 146
8.5 Developing-country share of world exports in single-use climate-friendly
goods (percentage) 152
8.6 Growth rate of claimed priorities patenting for selected climate
mitigation technologies (percentage) 159
viii
LIST OF TABLES
PART 1: DOSSIER
4.A1 Determinants of mitigation aid 83
4.A2 Variable description 84
5.1 SECO projects in the case study countries, 1992–2009 90
7.1 National and international NGOs involved in the Yasuní–ITT campaign 121
7.2 Sources of funding for the Yasuní–ITT initiative 126
7.3 Changes to the Yasuní Fund Steering Committee 129
PART 2: REVIEW
8.1 Strengths and weaknesses of selected preferential schemes 145
8.2 LDC gains from DFQF in key exporting markets under different
scenarios 147
9.1 Net international capital flows to developing countries, 2006–10
(in USD billions) 168
9.2 Net transfer of financial resources to developing countries and
economies in transition, 2006–09 (in USD billions) 169
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