interna t/onal association of geochemistry and cosmochemistry association of exploration ...

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INTERNA T/ONAL ASSOCIATION
OF GEOCHEMISTRY AND COSMOCHEMISTRY
ASSOCIATION
OF EXPLORATION GEOCHEMISTS
PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNA T/ONAL
JOINT SYMPOSIUM OF THE IAGC AND THE A£G,
PRAGUE, CZECHOSLOVAKIA 1990
EDITOR: F. MRNA
Geological Survey, Prague
and Czech Academy of Sciences,
the Commission for a comprehensive research
of developing countries
Prague 1991
INTERNATIONAL AS!~c;;~~:aCHEMISTRY
OF GEOCHEMISTRY
ASSOCIATION ON GEOCHEMISTS
OF EXPLORATI
1990
r:::
PROCEEDINGS OF :::~ RIADG INCT AENRDN TAHTEIO ANEAGL,
JOINT SYMPOS'::::SLOVAKIA 1990
PRAGUE, CZEC
EDITOR: F· MRNA
Geologi.c al AS 1 1 rdveeym, yP roafg Suec i.e nces, . rese~~rch
and Czech . ~an for a comprehenSive
othfe d Cevoerlnopm/~ g10countries
Prague 1991
International on Geochemical
Sym~osium
Exploration IAGC and AEG
EXDLORATION GEOCHEMISTRY 1990
Editor: F. Mrna
Book jacket: Cihelka
~.
Contributions have been published as
manuscript submitted by the authors
/C/ Frantilek Mrna, Prague 1991.
CONTENT
....................................................
Preface /F. Mrna/ 8
ARNAUDOVA R. et al.: Geochemistry of ~uartz-adularia metaso
matites from the Medzharovo Tertiary polvmetal Au-Ag de-
nos it , East Rhodones ................................... . l3
BARSUKOV V.L. et al.: The investigation technique and nature
of ammonium haloes on gold denosits .................... . 17
BELOGOLOVA G.A.: The use of stream sediments for forecast geo-
chemical maps ..........................................• 22
BRA.VO I., IGLESIAS J.G., LOREDO J.: Geochemical
~ros?ecting
in strata-bound Pb-Zn ore de?osits from Cantabria /Spain: 27
BREITER K.: Connection of tin ores ~,ori th granite of Nej dek mas
sif /Ore Hountains, Czechoslovakia/ ............•........ 32
BUGROV V.A.: Selection of the samnlina size fraction in aeo
chemical exploration for mineial ~enosits bv seconda~v
aureoles and dispersion trains .... ~ ....... : ......... : .. . 36
BURENKOV E .K., KOVAL .!.'. V., HEZHELOVSKY N. V.: Geochemical mao-
ping in the USSR ...................................... -.. 41
CILEK V., F., ZEZULKA N.: Geochemical and technoloaical
~!RNA
research of metallurgy \vastes in Poldi Kladno steel.::.\·mrks
near Prague ............................................ . 51
D.IWEN:OORT P. H. , NOLAN ~J. L., KIL"'OIL G .J.: Imaae-orocessinq
of geochemical data to man geological structures and al-
teration zones ......................................... . 57
DODIN D.A.: Geochemistry of sul!Jhide-nickeliferous pre-mag
matic systems: a new aporoach to prediction and pros?ec-
ting for deep seated deposits .......... : ............... . 62
DODIN D.A., SADIKOV t'. . A., SIDOROV I.I.: Geochemical model of
ore regions fields and princinles of their construc-
an~
tion exemplified by nickeliferous province ............. . 66
DURASOVA N.A., BARSUKOV V.L., RYABCHIKOV Y.D., KOCHNOVA Z.N.:
Geochemical modelling of hiqh temperature ?rocesses of
copper mobilization .................................... . 70
EDEN?., BJORKLUND A.: Global geochemical sam"ling: a pilot
project in Fenoscandia ................................. . 79
EGGO A.J.: A tool to aid interpretation of gossan
~raPhical
creochemical data ....................................... . 85
FORTESCUE J.A.C., VIDA E.A.: The use of lake sediment cores
to map environmental change in Ontario, Canada ......... . 92
GALETSKY L. S. , GOPLITSKY B.A. , "OCHTARENKO V. I . : The qeoche
mical map of Ukrainian Shield Precarrbrian /an approach
to regional geochemical research underlain by new tech-
nique/ ................................................. . 108
GANEYEV A.A. , MASHJAKOV N. P .. , SHOLUPOV S. E. , SVESHNIKOV G.B. :
High-selectivity atomic adsorption analysers for the
determination of the mercury concentrations in gas, li-
111
auid and solid samnles ................................. .
GLOTOV v.E.: Geochemical prospecting for oil and gas fields
in the north-east of the USSR ........................ 113
GORLITSKY B.A., GALETSKY L.S.: The regional nase of geoche
mical anomalies in the Ukraina ...........•........... 120
GEABEZHEV A.I.: Ore-geochemical models of Uralien porphyry-
copper deposits ...................................... 126
HETENYI M., KEDVES M.: Eelation between the hydrocarbon ge
netic features of kerogens and their biological pre-
cursor material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8
CHEBOTARYEV A.A.: Colour visualization of geochemical data 133
CHENG x., SINCLAIE A.J.: Recognition of immobile I conser-
ved components and application to hydrothermally alte-
red rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
CHETVERTKOV Y.I.: The use of a gold deposit geochemical
model in prognostication and prospecting............ 144
KOLJONEN T., MALISA E.: Aspects of small-scale regional
geochemical mapping................................ 149
KOLOTOV s.v.: Geochemical zonality of the Molodyozhny cop-
per deposit /South Ural/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
KOLOTOV B.A., RUBEIKIN V.Z., KISELEVA E.A., TVRDY P.: Utili
zation of phytogeochemically detected metastable sta-
tes of elements for practical purposes .............. 155
KOVPili P.V.: Regional geochemical mapping of granitoids
/Mongol-Okhotsk zone/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 7
KOVALEVSKIJ A.L.: Main models of the biogeochemical ex-
ploration for mineral deposits ·········'············ 166
KOVALEVSKIJ A.L., KOVALEVSKAYA O.M.: Biogeochemical pros-
pecting for silver ores veined bodies and deposits 173
KOZLOV V.D., SVADKOVSKAYA L.N.: The principles of geoche-
mical mapping of granitoids with forecasting aims .... 177
KRAMAR U.: Improvements of semi-variograms for geochemical
prospecting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
KUKULIAN ti.A.: The structural geochemical model of for-
mat.ion of the Mardjan 10b-Zn deposit /Armenian SSR/ . . . 192
LAHERMO P.W.: The application of regional geochemical maps
in environmental studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
LAHERMO P.W., 10EURANIEMI V.: On hydrogeochemistry in ore
exploration in Finland .. . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. . . .. .. . .. 198
LUKASHEV V.K.: Geochemistry of technogenesis .............. 204
MARMI R.: Methodology of geochemical prospecting applied
for Pb-Zn ore in carbonate medium at Djebel Arif,
Batna /Algeria/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
4
tmTVEEVA T.I., LEONOV I.F.: The role of ?atent system in
solving ecological problems connected with geochemi-
cal research .............. • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
~OORT VAN J. C. , NAND p_. S . , COHEN D. D. , NEI'JrmN S . , Pl'!A A. :
The use of electron ?aramas<netic spectroscopv and tra..,.
ce element content of veinquartz in mineral-exploration 221
MURREL B.: The clay fraction of overbank sediments as a
geochemical sample medium for arid zone /conjointed
with panned concentrates/ ............................ 229
NAimov G.B., YASNOSH N.E.: Composition o:f' ore-associated
haloes and mechanisms of their ~ormation ............• 239
NEZHDANOVA I.K., SUETIN Y.P., SVESHNIKOV G.B.: Ecological
-geochemical esti~ate of condition of urban soil ..... 244
NIKKARINEN M.E.: Regional geochemical mapping based on
the heavy fraction of till in Southern Finland ....... 250
NOVIKOV Y.A.: Condition of £ormation and major parameters
of diffusive-defluction secondary dispersive haloes
of the Soviet Carpathian ore deposits ..............•. 255
NOVIKOVA L.N.: Employment of large-scale
landsca~e-geo-
chemical maps for inter?retation of geochemical
anomalies in humid and arid landscapes .........•..... 261
Pi!.LCHEN l'/., RANK G.: Geochemical soil and rock surveys in
search for tin in the Eastern Erzgebirge, Saxony ....• 265
PASCUAL! J., l~RRERO S., ~mNTERO R., rmLENDEZ \'7.: Regional
0eochemical reconnaissance of the La Paragua river
drainage, Venezuela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . • . . 27 4
PETERSELL V.: Geochemistry ofF, Sr, REE and U in phospho-
rites of the East Baltic phosphorite basin .........•. 278
PEURANIEMI V.: On the mode of occurence of zinc in glacial
till and its applicabilit:_r to the use of heavy mine-
ral geochemistry in the search for zinc ores ......••. 291
PISKORSKI N.P.: New local prediction methods applied to
ore deposits under ex?loration based on mineralogical.-
geochemical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 298
PITULKO U.t1.: Geochemical fields of multilevel convective
metallogenic sys terns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
ROGERS P.J., FORTESCUE J.A.C., OGDEN J.G.: Baseline geo-
chemical ma?ping using lake sediments ................ 312
ROGERS P.J., OGDEN J.G.: Geochemical background: implica-
tions for environmental geochemistry in Nova Scotia,
Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . 318
SADIKOV M.A.: Hierarchy of systems in ore-searching geo-
chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • 32 4
5
SADIKOV M.A., HAKE DON I. D.: Software for the technology
of metallogenic forecast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 327
SHESTAKOV Y.G., MULIN P.N.: The simulation of geochemi-
cal prospecting on a personal computer ..... ........ 330
SHIRAV M., HALICZ L.A., SEGEV A., BEYTH N.: Geochemistry
of ephemeral stream sediments in the southern-most
part of Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
SHOR G .H.: Geochemistry of rare and trace elements in
sedimentary cover of young platforms ............... 341
SIBBICK S.J., FLETCHER W.K.: Application of cyanida
tion to gold exploration in glaciated terrain,
......... ........................ .
British Columbia, Canada 350
~
SPIRIDONOV A.M. et al.: Geochemical mapping of rare
metal ore knots of mountain-steppe region in Mon-
golian Altai ......................................• 358
SYRITSO L.F.: Geochemical features of prospecting and
forecasting appraisal of ore mineralization re-
lated to rare-metal granites ..................•.... 362
TAISAEV T.T.: Cryogenic haloes of gold deposits in
bald mountain- taiga landscapes of Siberia........ 372
TAUSON L.V., KRAVTSOVA R.G., ZARIPOV R.N.: Geochemical
mapping of primary and secondary settings in ore
-bearing regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
TROSHIN Y.P.: Regional geochemical classification of
endogenic gold deposits from the mode of S, Se
and Te distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
VARSANYI I.: The effect of withdrawal of groundwater
chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
VEGT VANDER, R.: Getting the most from your duplica
tes; estimation of bias and precision of routine
and control laboratory ............................• 392
VOITSEKHOVSKAYA M.: Computer modelling of mercury ore
-forming process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
WEINZIERL 0.: Discrimination of natural and man-made
heavy metal anomalies in soil by robust princip-
le components analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
6
ZAGORSKY V.Y., PERETYAZHKO I.S., KUZNETSOVA L.G.:
Mineralogical-geochemical mapping of rare-metal
and miarolitic pegmatites fields aimed at pros-
pecting ................. · . · .. · · · · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
ZAGOSKIN v.A.: The use of bacterial concentration
barriers increases considerablv the de::>th of
penetration in geochemical ?respecting' . . . . . . . . . . . 4 12
ZORINA L.D., KULIKOVA Z.I.: Patterns of element dis
tribution in post-magmatic formations of the
Darasun ore-magmatic system...................... 413
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
7
PREFACE
The Third International Joint Symposium of the Association of Exploration Geo
chemists and the Working G1·oup for Geochemical E}:ploration of the International Associa
tion for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry was simultaneously the 5th Symposium of the
working Group and the 14th Symposium of AEG. It was also the first international Sympo
sium on Geochemical Exploration held under new conditions in international relations
facilitating contacts among specialists from various countries. This was fully proved
by the presence of numerous aeochemists who attended such international gathering for
the first time.
Another important feature which influenced the program of the Symposium t.Tas a
basic and long-term chanqe in work objectives of many exploration geochemists who conver
ted from search for new mineral resources to solving a wider range of problems associated
with applied geochemistry and particularly with geochemical problems of the environment.
This increasingly pronounced trend has two major reasons:
1. More rational and efficient exoloitation of mineral resources reduces their rela
tive consumption at a simultaneous growth of the world production. Changes in the
political climate in the tomrld removed many barriers which hindered the develop
ment of the world mineral market and thus reduced the pressure put upon search
for new deposits in various parts of the worldf
2. t-lore attention is rightfully given to acute problems of preserving and forming
an optimal environment. Geochemistry r>lays an irreplelceable role because
change!; in conlentrations and cycles of individual elements and compounds studied
by geochemistry are also connected with numerous anthropogenic alterations of
natural conditions and have ci negative impact on the development of the bioSphe
re including man.
As joint international conferences organized by IAGC and li.EG are attended by exploration
geochemists from all over the world, it is poss:i.ble to asses periodically the trends in
exploration g-eochemistry assuming from the ori'l'"tation and subjects of given papers.
Some fundamental changes can be recognized since the last joint Symposium held in
Orleans, France in April 1987. These changes are considered to be very useful for
further development and advances in applied geochemistry. Let me summarize some of these
trends.
1. Much more attention apeears to be paid to geochemical survey at various scales
and in diverse climatic and morphological conditions. This geochemical mapping
allows to apply methods and works for solving a great variety of heterogeneous
~roblems .,.,-hich can be characterized as follows:
a/ utilization of results of qeochemical survey to solve geochemical and
mel:allogenic nroblems, to study geochemical evolution of certain
examined region or a qiven geological object;
b/ acquisition of valuable data to be used in preparation of prognostic
studies for certain areas from the viet-Jpoint of mineral potential, for
the occurrence of individual minerals or the evidence of genetically
diffe1·ent deoosits;
c/ geochemical survey brings fundamental geochemical parameters for a cer
tain region /e.q. qeochemical background values, variation in geochemi
cal field, etc./ which are of great importance \'/hen designing more
detailed geochemical nrospecting, follow-up programs or exploration
8
works. They also facilitate selection of pathfinder elements, prospecting
grid with respect to the manifestation of local metallogenic processes
in the primary geochemical environment and with regard to the origin
of secondarv geochemical anomalies.
d/ very orornising and ~respective is the application of geochemical survey
in enviromental studies of individual.regions, to recognize and identify
major pollutants, their source and behavior in certain geochemical envi
ronment.
So far, the contents and methods of geochemical mapping were rather dissipated
than unified. Even though the diversity of geochemical survey, its objectives and various
conditions under which it is ap~lied deserve modifications in methods, on the other
hand any trends towards unification of methods or procedures, whenever it is possible and
useful, are to be welcomed. These trends which, thanks to A. G. Darnley, the Project Ma
nager of IGCP project no. 259 "International geochemical mapping" and his coliaborators,
are of greate importance in hel~ing to compile international geochemical maps and atlases
and eventually to compile the geochemical atlas of the world.
Numerous excellent papers dealing with these subjects are published in Extended
Abstracts of the Symposium. The contributions of P. Eden and A. Bjorklund /Finland/,
L.S. Galetskij, B.A. Gorlitskiy and V.I. Pokhtarenko /USSR/, P.V. Koval /USSR/ are
examples of papers devoted to these topics and which are published in Proceedings of the
Symposium.
Many papers dealing with the a9plication of geochemical survey in enviromental
studies are also given in Extended Abstracts. The Proceedings are reserved for funda
mental and comprehensive papers related to the environmnet. Among them the follwong are
to be mentioned: V.K. Lukashev /USSR/ on geochemistry of technosphere, 0. Weinzierl /Au
stria/ on methods distinguishing natural and man caused geochemical anomalies, v. cilek,
F. Mrna, M. ~eZulka /CSFR/ on 9eochemical investigation of metallurgical waste, I. K.
Nezhdanova, I. P. Sue tin /USSR/ on geochemical survey of urban agglomerations and p. ~'I.
Lahermo /Finland/ on the application of regional geochemical maps for environmental
studies.
2. Geochemistry can provide objectiv,e data for the investigation of processes of
the Earth crustal evolution which occurred during geological history as well as
in recent or present times. The paper of J.A.C. Fortescue and E.A. Vide /Canada/
on geochemical variation in lacustrine sediments in Ontario may serve as
an excellent example of such studies.
3. The major! ty of given parers and published articles both in Extended Abstracts
and Proceedings shows considerable extention of the scope which more often exceed
the frame of classical exploration geochemist.ry. These studies are focused on
pro~nostication of mineral deposits based on geochemical data /e.g. D.A. Dodin -
USSR, Y.I. Chetvertkov- USSR, V.D. Kozlov, L.N. Svadkovskaya - USSR, N.P.
Piskorsky- USSR and others;, on relation between ore-bearing geological comple
xes aDd the location of metallic mineral deposits /K. Breiter- CSFR/, on mode
lling of ore processes and ore fields /e.g.D.A. Dodin, H.A. Sadikov, I.I. Sidorov,
N. A. Durasova et al, l\.. I. Grabezhev, .H .A. Kukulian, M. Voi tsekhovskaya - all
from USSR/.
4. A progress in developing individual prospecting methods can be also observed.
Interesting papers dealing with heavy mineral survey are published in Extended
g