intermediate units in pennsylvania

77 Pages·00.21 MB·English

INTERMEDIATUEN ITISPN E NNSYLVANIA
______________________
The Role of
Educational Service Agencies
in Promoting Equity in Basic Education
General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
NOISSIMM OTCNEMNREV OEGTA TTSNIOJ
108 Finance Building
Harrisburg, PA 17120
December 1997
_________________________________________________ _
The eshttca viiisrnhd'eUweas mi9rn2eatvnl Iysrsyen avnploeapcPmsid e
Cotmhmeo nweaslc5tdh0hio1'so stl tr chaioencmidtmr su nities.
1 tinU etaidemretnI .1 CenStur saq1lu16 e6.h IaUn na
2 UI revilO .tM-hgrubsttiP .2 17IU BLaST 17.
3IU Allegheny 3. L1u8zIeUr n1e8 .
4 UI nretsewdiM .4 saehtroN .91 19IU Educationalt ern
5 UI ytnuoC-irT tsewhtroN .5 Co2l 0o.n iNaolr thampt2Io0Un
6 UI weivreviR .6 Car2b1on- ILUe h2i1g.h
We7 s.t mo relanI7dU 22 UI ytnuoC skcuB .22
8IU Appalachia 8. 32 UI ytnuoC yremogtnoM .32
9IU HighlaSnednse ca 9. 42 UI ytnuoC retsehC .42
C1e0nItUr a1l0 . 25IU County Delaware 25.
Tusc 1a11r1I.oU r a 26IU Philadelphia 26.
12IU Lincoln 12. 72 UI yellaV revaeB .72
Lanca s1t3e.r -L1e3bIaUn on 82 UI NIRA .82
41 UI ytnuoC skreB .41 29IUS chuylkill 29.
15IU Area Capital 15.
_______________________________________________
The release caonnsbatesrrs enuthpoehootdiur slot df
noitacidni that the members of the eettimmoC evitucexE
voG etatS tnioJ eht fo ernmenCto mmissioenn dorsael olf
retphoferi tn'dsir negcso,m mencdoantocirlo unssi ons.
JOINT STATE GOVERNMENT COMMISSION
ROOM 108 FINANCE BUILDING
HARRISBURG PA 17120-0018
717-787-4397
FAX [phone]
e-mail: [email protected]
__________________________________________________________________
Th e Joint State Government Commission was created by act of July 1, 193 7
rof ycnega gniunitnoc a sa ,dednema sa )954.oN ,0642.L.P( the development of facts
and rec ommendations on all phases of government for the use of the Genera l
Assembly.
__________________________________________________________________
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JOINT STATE GOVERNMENT
COMMISSION, 1997
SRECIFFO
regoR .A ,nagidaMnamriahC
Ivan Itkin, Treasurer
_________________________________________________
EETTIM MEOVCITUCEXE
Senate Members House Members
Robert C. Jubelirer wehttaM .JnayR
President Pro Tempore rekae pS
F. Joseph Loeper nhoJ .MlezreP
r eydtaierLojaM r eydtaierLojaM
Robert J. Mellow H. William DeWeese
r eydtaierLoniM r eydtaierLoniM
David J. Brightbill dlanoD .WredynS
Majority Whip Majority Whip
Leonard J. Bodack navnIiktI
Minority Whip Minority Whip
Noah W. Wenger drawoH .LograF
,namriahC ytirojaMsucuaC ,namriahC ytirojaMsucuaC
Michael A. O'Pake kr an.MeBhoC
,namriahC ytironiMsucuaC ,namriahC ytironiMsucuaC
OICIFFO- XREEBMEM
Roger A. Madigan, Commission Chairman
_________________________________________________
Conrad C. M. Arensberg, Counsel
David L. Hostetter, Assistant Counsel
_________________________________________________
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WORKING GROUP ON
INTERMEDIATE UNITS
.D.dE ,eilliaB .K nhoJ FentonLarry
rotceriD evitucexE SecondaTreya cher
42 UI ytnuoC retsehC tcirtsiD loohcS eripshgiH-notleetS
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yerbaC .A aicirtaP yrF eitaK
rotceriD evitucexE tnatsissA ForceETdauscka titoon Right
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30251 AP ,hgrubsttiP 17331 PA Hanover,
KaCya mpbell .D.hP ,eyrF .T drawdE
NetworkEducation Parent rotceriD evitucexE
ForceETdauscka titoon Right 15IU Area Capital
H2Vo8anR7leo0lya e dy StreetMiller 55
30471 AP ,kroY 984 xoB .O .P
Summerdal1eP7, A0 93-0489
HonorablReo nalRdC. o well
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sevitatneserpeR fo esuoH yraterceS
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Laboratories& Building OfficeA griculture
230N1o rtCha meroSnt reet
SamueJCl.r aighead 171H1a0r- r9i4s0Pb8Au rg,
rotceriD evitucexE
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evirD tinU etaidemretnI enO HEodr.tDoH.n., E arl
CoCael1n 5t4e P2rA3, - 9642 Chairman
EducationBasic of Council
Educationof Board State
DonleyEdward NHo3or2mt1eh s Dtreiavde
FormeCrh airman 83571 AP ,ellivsidnaL
Inc.Chemicals, & Products Air
72H0a1m iltBoonu levard
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Ed.DL.edebur, W. Gary FamRielsyo uNrectew ork
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PSDhciihTsloohtaoferdl ie cltp hia HonorablJea meJsR. h oades
509Rm. - Parkway the of So. Street 21st ChairEmd-au nc atiCoonm mittee
19P1h0i3l- a1d0e9l9PpAh ia, ainavlysnneP fo etaneS
17120 PAH arrisburg,
WaLriFrk.ee nn s
rotartsinimdA ssenisuB sriatS .M sseJ elbaronoH
22 UI ytnuoC skcuB ChairEmd-au nc atiCoonm mittee
RRoeatdSrheaadty 7 05 sevitatneserpeR fo esuoH
10981 AP ,nwotselyoD 17120 PAH arrisburg,
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rotceriD evitucexE tnednetnirepuS
Col2o0nIiUa l tcirtsiD loohcS tsaE htroN
DriveDanforth 6 teertS noisiviD tsaE 05
18045-7899PA Easton, 16428-1350 PA East, North
.dE.D ,yrewoM .A divaD WirHWta.hr ry
tnednetnirepuS tnednetnirepuS
tcirtsiD loohcS aerA grubsytteG DistrictSchool Valley Conestoga
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7008-52371 AP ,grubsytteG 1L7a6n0c1 a-s6Pt0Ae9 r9,
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GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA
JOINT STATE GOVERNMENT COMMISSION
ROOM 108 - FINANCE BUILDING
HARRISBURG PA 17120
717-787-4397
FAX [phone]
December 1997
:YLBMESS ALARENE GEH TF OSREBME MEH TOT
tatS tnioJ ehT e Government Commission is pleased to present this
report on the manner in which the intermediate units currently assist th e
oohcs cilbup ls and the ways by which the IUs can further help advance the
princi ple of equity by the most cost-effective means for the schools of thi s
.htlaewnommoC
This rep ort is the result of deliberations of a working group o f
detseretni rehto dna srotacude ,srotalsigel public citizens, whose names are
listed in t he report. Let me hereby extend the thanks of the Genera l
Assembly for their valuable and thoughtful assistance.
Respectfully submitted,
Roger A. Madigan
Chairman
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CONTENTS
SNOITADNEMMOCE RDN AYRAMMUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
TEITNAUIDEM RY ERFETOOHN TTIESVIIHTALSIGEL . . . . . . . . . 7
Early School Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Public School Code of 1949 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Creation of Intermediate Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Preliminary Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Christman Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Intermediate Unit Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Legislative History of Act 102 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Amendments to the Intermediate Unit Provisions . . . . . . . . . 18
Funding Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
METSY SLOOHC SCILBU PEH TDN AYTIUQE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Constitutional Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
The Parameters of Educational Equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Economic Measurement of Efficiency and Equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Equity and the Intermediate Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
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SNOITARE PTOI NEUTAIDEMRET NTINERRUC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Training and Development Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Technological Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Instructional Materials Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Educational Planning Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Instruction and Pupil Personnel Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Services to Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Services to Adults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Special Education Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Cooperative Administrative Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Statewide Programs and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Revenues and Expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Sources of Funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Uses of Funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Basis for Funding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Accounting for Funding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Economies of Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
SNOITADNEMMOCER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
YHPARGOILBIB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
NOITULOS E : RAXIDNEPPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
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