Intermediate Korean: a Grammar and Workbook

289 Pages·2009·0.89 MB·English

by  Andrew Sangpil Byon

INTERMEDIATE KOREAN:
A GRAMMAR AND WORKBOOK

Intermediate Korean: A Grammar and Workbook comprises an
accessible reference grammar and related exercises in a single volume.
This workbook presents twenty-four individual grammar points,
covering the core material which students would expect to encounter
in their second year of learning Korean. Grammar points are followed
by examples and exercises which allow students to reinforce and
consolidate their learning.
Intermediate Korean is suitable for both class use as well as
independent study.
Key features include:
(cid:129) clear, accessible format
(cid:129) many useful language examples
(cid:129) all Korean entries presented in Hangul with English translations
(cid:129) jargon-free explanations of grammar
(cid:129) abundant exercises with full answer key
(cid:129) subject index.
Clearly presented and user-friendly, Intermediate Korean provides
readers with the essential tools to express themselves in a wide variety
of situations, making it an ideal grammar reference and practice
resource for students with some knowledge of the language.
Andrew Sangpil Byon is Associate Professor at the State University of
New York at Albany, where he teaches courses in Korean language
and civilization.
Other titles available in the Grammar Workbooks series are:
Basic Cantonese
Intermediate Cantonese
Basic Chinese
Intermediate Chinese
Basic Dutch
Intermediate Dutch
Basic German
Intermediate German
Basic Irish
Intermediate Irish
Basic Italian
Basic Korean
Intermediate Korean
Basic Polish
Intermediate Polish
Basic Russian
Intermediate Russian
Basic Spanish
Intermediate Spanish
Basic Welsh
Intermediate Welsh
INTERMEDIATE KOREAN:
A GRAMMAR AND
WORKBOOK
Andrew Sangpil Byon
For my parents, James Ki Yong and Gloria Hye Ja Pyon
First published 2010
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Ave, New York, NY10016
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2009.
To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.
© 2010 Andrew Sangpil Byon
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted
or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic,
mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,
including photocopying and recording, or in any information
storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
Byon, Andrew Sangpil.
Intermediate Korean : a grammar & workbook / Andrew Sangpil Byon.
p. cm.
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada.
1. Korean language—Grammar—Problems, exercises, etc. 2. Korean language—
Textbooks for foreign speakers—English. I. Title.
PL913.B965 2009
495.7′82421—dc22
2008053381
ISBN 0-203-87590-7 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN10: 0-415-54714-8 (hbk)
ISBN10: 0-415-77488-8 (pbk)
ISBN10: 0-208-87590-7 (ebk)
ISBN13: 978-0-415-54714-7 (hbk)
ISBN13: 978-0-415-77488-8 (pbk)
ISBN13: 978-0-203-87590-2 (ebk)
CONTENTS
Preface ix
1 The intimate speech level and the plain speech level
~(cid:14346)/(cid:14234), ~(cid:9450)/(cid:3488)(cid:9530), ~(cid:9502)/((cid:14738))(cid:8998)?, ~(cid:14234)/(cid:14346)(cid:10706), ~(cid:14822) 1
2 Sentence-final endings
~(cid:15382)(cid:14570), ~(cid:8134)(cid:14570), ~(cid:9082)(cid:14570) 11
3 Particles
(cid:71) (cid:12106)(cid:9530), (cid:16110)(cid:10834), (cid:7791)(cid:14794), (cid:11298)(cid:17106), (cid:11294)(cid:9530), (cid:11294)(cid:14934), (cid:15046)(cid:15998), (cid:11884)(cid:14374) 19
4 Auxiliary verbs I
~(cid:14346)/(cid:14234)(cid:71)(cid:14458)(cid:9530), ~(cid:14346)/(cid:14234)(cid:71)(cid:7766)(cid:9530), ~(cid:14346)/(cid:14234)(cid:71)(cid:12106)(cid:9530) 27
5 Auxiliary verbs II
~(cid:14346)/(cid:14234)(cid:71)(cid:8970)(cid:9530), ~(cid:14346)/(cid:14234)(cid:71)(cid:11994)(cid:11266)(cid:9530), ~(cid:7990)(cid:71)(cid:11302)(cid:9530), ~(cid:14346)/(cid:14234)(cid:71)(cid:15186)(cid:9530),
~(cid:14346)/(cid:14234)(cid:71)(cid:10034)(cid:11266)(cid:9530) 33
6 Auxiliary verbs III
~(cid:14346)/(cid:14234)(cid:71)(cid:9193)(cid:9530), ~(cid:14346)/(cid:14234)(cid:71)(cid:9894)(cid:9530), ~(cid:14346)/(cid:14234)(cid:71)(cid:14814)(cid:9530), ~(cid:14346)/(cid:14234)(cid:18350)(cid:9530),
~(cid:14346)/(cid:14234)(cid:15382)(cid:9530) 42
7 Clausal conjunctives (purpose or intention)
~((cid:14738))(cid:10818), ~((cid:14738))(cid:10874)(cid:7990), ~(cid:9754)(cid:10931)(cid:71) 51
8 Clausal conjunctives (reasons and cause)
~(cid:14346)/(cid:14234)(cid:13170), ~((cid:14738))(cid:9502)(cid:8354), ~(cid:9446)(cid:10706)(cid:7990) 61
9 Clausal conjunctives (conditions)
~((cid:14738))(cid:11466), ~(cid:14346)/(cid:14234)(cid:14290), ~((cid:14738))(cid:3493)(cid:13422)(cid:10931), ~(cid:7878)(cid:10038) 72
10 Clausal conjunctives (listing and choice)
~(cid:7990), ~((cid:14738))(cid:11462), ~(cid:7878)(cid:8942), ~(cid:10038)(cid:15382) 85
11 Clausal conjunctives (time)
~((cid:14738))(cid:11466)(cid:13170), ~(cid:14822)(cid:11294)(cid:14822), ~(cid:9530)(cid:7766)(cid:71) 95 v
Contents 12 Clausal connectives (background)
~(cid:9450)(cid:9670)/((cid:14738))(cid:3488)(cid:9670) 105
13 Clausal connectives (although)
~(cid:15382)(cid:11298), ~((cid:14738))(cid:8942), ~(cid:14346)/(cid:14234)(cid:9754) 113
14 Permission, prohibition, and obligation
~(cid:14346)/(cid:14234)(cid:9754)(cid:71)(cid:9838)(cid:9530), ~((cid:14738))(cid:11466)(cid:71)(cid:14238)(cid:71)(cid:9838)(cid:9530), (cid:14238)(cid:71)~((cid:14738))(cid:11466)(cid:71)(cid:14238)(cid:71)(cid:9838)(cid:9530)/~(cid:15382)(cid:71)
(cid:14240)(cid:14738)(cid:11466)(cid:71)(cid:14238)(cid:71)(cid:9838)(cid:9530), ~(cid:14346)/(cid:14234)(cid:14290)(cid:71)(cid:9838)(cid:9530)/(cid:18350)(cid:9530) 120
15 Passives and causatives
~(cid:14794), ~(cid:18910), ~(cid:11266), ~(cid:8326), ~(cid:14598), ~(cid:8130), ~(cid:16362), ~(cid:7906)(cid:71)(cid:18350)(cid:9530) 129
16 The noun-modifying endings
~(cid:9450), ~((cid:14738))(cid:3488), ~((cid:14738))(cid:3493) 137
17 Describing the appearance of actions or states of affair
~(cid:9450)/((cid:14738))(cid:3488)/((cid:14738))(cid:3493)(cid:71)(cid:7897)(cid:71)(cid:7791)(cid:9530), ~(cid:9450)/((cid:14738))(cid:3488)/((cid:14738))(cid:3493)(cid:71)(cid:11518)(cid:14311)(cid:14794)(cid:9530),
(cid:71) ~(cid:9450)/((cid:14738))(cid:3488)/((cid:14738))(cid:3493)(cid:71)(cid:10053)(cid:18350)(cid:9530), ~(cid:8942)/((cid:14738))(cid:3488)(cid:7766)(cid:71)(cid:12106)(cid:9530), ~(cid:14346)/(cid:14234)(cid:71)(cid:12106)(cid:14794)(cid:9530)(cid:71) 146
18 Post modifiers I
(cid:71) (cid:8334), (cid:14935), (cid:14802), (cid:9775)(cid:14238), (cid:9754)(cid:15207), (cid:15207), (cid:17934) 157
19 Post modifiers II
(cid:71) (cid:9558)(cid:10930), (cid:18714)(cid:14374), (cid:16111), (cid:11882)(cid:10722)(cid:14374), (cid:7897), (cid:12586), (cid:10146) 166
20 Ability and possibility
~((cid:14738))(cid:3493)(cid:71)(cid:13422)(cid:71)(cid:14814)(cid:9530)/(cid:14364)(cid:9530), ~((cid:14738))(cid:3493)(cid:71)(cid:15194)(cid:71)(cid:14242)(cid:9530)/(cid:11518)(cid:11210)(cid:9530),
~((cid:14738))(cid:3493)(cid:71)(cid:11266)(cid:7766)(cid:71)(cid:14364)(cid:9530) 178
21 Indirect question form
~(cid:9450)/((cid:14738))(cid:3488)/((cid:14738))(cid:3493)(cid:15382) 186
22 The retrospective suffix
~(cid:9642) 195
23 Nominalizing endings
~(cid:8326) and ~((cid:14738))(cid:3501) 205
24 Direct and indirect quotation
~((cid:14794))(cid:10706)(cid:7990)(cid:71)(cid:18350)(cid:9530), ~((cid:9446))(cid:3488)(cid:9530)(cid:7990)(cid:71)(cid:18350)(cid:9530), ~(cid:9446)(cid:8998)(cid:7990)(cid:71)(cid:18350)(cid:9530)/(cid:11665)(cid:9530),
~((cid:14738))(cid:10706)(cid:7990)(cid:71)(cid:18350)(cid:9530), ~(cid:14822)(cid:7990)(cid:71)(cid:18350)(cid:9530) 219
Key to exercises 228
Index 279
vi
PREFACE
Intermediate Korean: A Grammar and Workbook is a sequel to its sister
volume Basic Korean: A Grammar and Workbook, and it likewise focuses
on providing an accessible reference grammar explanation and related
exercises in a single volume. It is designed for independent English-speaking
adult Korean-as-a-foreign-language (KFL) learners who intend to maintain
and strengthen their knowledge of essential Korean grammar and for
classroom-based learners who are looking for supplemental grammar
explanations and practices. Consequently, this book differs from existing
KFL materials whose primary purpose is to help KFL learners acquire
four language skills, such as listening, speaking, reading, and writing as well
as cultural knowledge.
The layout of this book also differs from those of existing KFL mater-
ials. For instance, a typical KFL textbook chapter may include model dia-
logues, followed by vocabulary lists, grammar explanations, cultural notes,
and exercises. In contrast, following the pattern of Basic Korean and other
Grammar Workbooks of the Routledge series, every unit of Intermediate
Korean focuses on presenting jargon-free and concise grammar explana-
tions, followed by relevant grammar exercises.
This book has 24 units, and it does not take a functional-situational
approach in grouping and/or sequencing target grammatical points. Rather
it sequences and covers grammatical points according to their grammatical
categories (e.g., sentence endings, conjunctives, particles, and so on), so
that learners can use the book as a reference material as well as a practice
material. The exercises at the end of each unit are designed primarily to
reinforce the target grammatical points.
All Korean entries are presented in Hangul (the Korean alphabet) with
English translations to facilitate understanding. Accordingly, it requires
that learners familiarize themselves with Hangul, before going on to the
book. In addition, when translating Korean entries into English, efforts
were made to reflect the Korean meaning as closely as possible. Consequently,
some learners may feel certain English translations do not reflect typical
English usages. However, the direct translation approach was employed
for pedagogical purposes. vii
Preface In writing this book, I have been fortunate to have the assistance and
support of many people. I would like to thank my colleagues in the Depart-
ment of East Asian Studies at the University at Albany, State University
of New York, who were supportive of this project. I am grateful to anonym-
ous reviewers for their constructive and valuable comments. I would like
to express sincere gratitude to Sophie Oliver for initially encouraging this
project and to the editorial and production teams of Routledge—Andrea
Hartill, and Samantha Vale Noya—for their advice and support through-
out the process. My thanks also go to Neil Dowden for his careful and
thoughtful copy-editing service and to Kathy Auger at Graphicraft for her
kind assistance during the final stage of production. Finally, as always, my
special thanks go to my wife, Isabel, who, with her optimism and encour-
agement, makes it possible for me to do what I really love to do. Of course,
I bear all responsibility for any shortcomings and errors in the text.
viii
UNIT 1
The intimate speech level and
the plain speech level
The intimate speech level
The intimate speech level is in general used in the following situations: by
adults when addressing children, by parents when addressing their kids,
by children when addressing their peers, and by adult friends when address-
ing their childhood friends (or friends whose relationships are close enough
to switch to the intimate level from the polite level).
The intimate speech level ending is ~(cid:14346)/(cid:14234). The choice of ~(cid:14346) or ~(cid:14234) is
the same with that of the polite speech level ending ~(cid:14346)(cid:14570)/(cid:14234)(cid:14570). ~(cid:14234) is
used after a stem that ends in a bright vowel, (cid:14458) or (cid:14234) (e.g., (cid:16020)(cid:9530) “find”
=> (cid:16020)(cid:14234)), while ~(cid:14346) is used with the stem that ends in any other vowels
(e.g., (cid:11910)(cid:14598)(cid:9530) “learn” => (cid:11910)(cid:14626)). Consider the following examples:
Polite speech level Intimate speecsh level
(cid:7766)(cid:9530) “go” (cid:7766)(cid:14570) (cid:7766)
(cid:11910)(cid:14598)(cid:9530) “learn” (cid:11910)(cid:14626)(cid:14570) (cid:11910)(cid:14626)
(cid:7766)(cid:11210)(cid:16558)(cid:9530) “teach” (cid:7766)(cid:11210)(cid:16166)(cid:14570) (cid:7766)(cid:11210)(cid:16166)
(cid:11407)(cid:9530) “eat” (cid:11407)(cid:14346)(cid:14570) (cid:11407)(cid:14346)
(cid:18350)(cid:9530) “do” (cid:18378)(cid:14570) (cid:18378)
(cid:14814)(cid:9530) “have/exist” (cid:14814)(cid:14346)(cid:14570) (cid:14814)(cid:14346)
(cid:14794)(cid:9530) “be” (cid:14794)(cid:14374)(cid:14570) (cid:14794)(cid:14290)
(cid:14234)(cid:9502)(cid:9530) “not be” (cid:14234)(cid:9502)(cid:14374)(cid:14570) (cid:14234)(cid:9502)(cid:14290)
As seen above, one can generate the intimate speech level from the
polite speech level, simply by removing (cid:14570). One exception is that the
copula (cid:14794)(cid:9530)/(cid:14234)(cid:9502)(cid:9530) takes slightly different forms: (cid:14794)(cid:14290) instead of (cid:14794)(cid:14374),
and (cid:14234)(cid:9502)(cid:14290) instead of (cid:14234)(cid:9502)(cid:14374).
Just like the polite speech level ending ~(cid:14346)(cid:14570)/(cid:14234)(cid:14570), the intimate speech
level ending ~(cid:14346)/(cid:14234) is used for all sentence types: declarative, interrogative,
imperative, and propositive. For instance, consider the following:
1