interlayer stress absorbing composite (isac)

259 Pages·1997·10.09 MB·English

by  Color Scanner

UIUJ-HW-96-2006
CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDIES
Transportation Engineering Series No.94
Illinois Cooperative Highway and Transportation
Series No. 260
ISSN-0197-9191
INTERLAYER STRESS ABSORBING COMPOSITE
(ISAC) FOR MITIGATING REFLECTION CRACKING
IN ASPHALT CONCRETE OVERLAYS
Final Report
by
M. T. Mukhtar
B. J. Dempsey
A Report of the Findings of:
The Mitigation of Reflection Cracking in
Asphalt Concrete Overlays
Project IHR-533
ILLINOIS COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY
RESEARCH PROGRAM
Conducted by
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
and the
ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
in cooperation with the
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION
JUNE 1996
rGUI,,,Ibal I\G~Ul1lJubUlIICIlLdllUll rd~
1.ReportNo. 2. GovernmentAccessionNo. 3. Recipient’sCatalogNo.
UILU-ENG-96-2006
1.TiileandSubtile 5. ReportDate
NTERLAYER STRESS ABSORBING COMPOSITE (ISAC) FOR
June 199.6
ITIGATING REFLECTION CRACKING IN ASPHALT CONCRETE
6. PerformingOrganizationCode
VERLAYS
8. PerfomVngOrgantzatiin ReportNo.
‘. Author(s)
Muhammad T. Mukhtar
Barry J. Dempsey UILU-ENG-96-2006
1,PerformingOrgankation Name andAddress 10. WorkUnit(TRAIS)
epartment of Civil Engineering
niversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
11. ContrasterGrantNo.
IHR-533
13. TypeofReportandPeriodCovered
2. SponsoringAgency Name andAddress
llinois Department of Transportation
ureau of Materials & Physical Research
14. SponsoringAgencyCode
26 East Ash Street
I-
5. SupplementaryNotes
tudy was conducted in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Transportation,
ederal Highway Administration.
6. Abstract
Toapproachthereflection crackingprobiem inACoveriayssystematicailythepropertiesofthe matenais
intendedtobeusedinanISACsystemwerefirstidentified.Variousthermai/structuralmodelsandlaboratoryequipment
wereusedforthispurpose. Anumberofwovenandnonwoven geotextiieswereseiectedandtestedfortheirengineering
propertiessuchastensiiestrength,initiaimcdulus,moduiusatfailure,andpercent shrinkage.Severaisampiesofrubber
asphaitwere preparedbybiendingd-flerent ratiosofcrumbrubber withvarioustypes and ratiosofasphait cementsat
400 F. These rubber asphaitswere tested at differenttemperaturesand the effects of temperature and rate of
deformationontheirstiffnesswereevaluated.
Aninteriayerstressabsorbingcomposite,iSAClayerwasfabricatedinthelaboratoryusingthematerials
consideredappropriate. Testingequipmentwas deveiopedto evaluatethe interfaciaishearstrengthand laborato~
testingwasperformedtodeterminetheshearstrengthofthefabricatediSAClayerunderanACoverlay.
The ISAClayerwas evaluatedfor itseffectivenessagainstreflectioncracking. A laboratorypavement
sectionwith an AC overlayovera jointed PCC siabwas constructedand piaced inan environmentalchamber. A
mechanicaldevicewasusedtosimuiatethermalstrainintheslabandthejointwasopenedandciosedatan extremely
siowrate. The testingwas conductedat 30F and deteriorationinthe overfaywasmonitoredusinga sensitiie LVDT
device.
Theresuitsfromtheiaboratoq evaluationtestingprogramindicatedthattheiSAClayerwashighlyeffective
inpreventingreflectioncrackingina2.5 in.ACoverlay. Whencomparedtoa controltestsectionanda sectionusing
acommerciallyavaiiabiereflectioncrackingcontroimaterialtheISACiayerprovidedforsuperiorperformance. Afieid
pavementtestsectionutilizingtheiSAClayerwasconstructedintheSummer1994andfieidevacuationisongoing.
17. KeyWords 18. OlstributbnStatement
Asphalt Concrete Overlays, Reflection
Cracking, Crack Control, Geosynthetic
Materials
19. SecurityClassif(.ofthisrepmt) 20. SecurityClassif.(ofthb page) 21. No.ofPages 22. Price
Unclassified Unclassified 235
Form DOT F 1700.7 (E-n) Reproduction ofcompleted page authorized
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This report waspreparedas part of the Illinois CooperativeHighwayTransportationRe-
searchProgram,projectIHR–533: InterlayerStressAbsorbingComposite(ISAC)for Mitigating
ReflectionCrackinginAsphaltConcreteOverlays,bytheDepartmentofCivilEngineering,Univer-
sityofIllinoisatUrbana–Champaign,incooperationwiththeIllinoisDepartmentofTransportation
andtheUnitedStatesDepartmentofTransportation,FederalHighwayAdministration.
DEDICATION
ThisreportisdedicatedtothememoryofHarold“Hap” Dalyrmplewhosetup thehydrau-
licsandelectronicsforthelaboratorytestingdeviceusedtosimulatepavementjointmovement.Hap
wasamajorcontributortothesuccessofTransportationresearchintheDepartmentofCivilEngi-
neering.Hisinnovation,dedication,andwillingparticipationinourresearchprogramswillbesore-
lymissed.
...
111
DISCLAIMER
Thecontentsofthisreportreflecttheviewsofthe authorswhoareresponsibleforthe facts
andthe accuracy ofthe datapresentedherein. Thecontentsdonotnecessarilyreflecttheofficial
views or policies of the Illinois Department of Transportation or the Federal Highway
Administration. Thisreportdoesnotconstitutea standard,specification,orregulation.
iv
–v-
3.2.5 .Rubblizing– ––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––– 20
3.2.4. Cracking A n d Seating––– ––––––––––––––– ___––––__l8
3.2.3. Sawing A n d Sealing Joints in A C Overlay ––––––––––––––– 16
3.2.2. Overlay Thickness Increase––– ––––––––––––––––––––13
3.2.1. Pre Overlay Repair––– ––––––––––––––– ––––––––––13
3.2. Design and Construction Procedures– –– ––– ––– – – – – – – – – –– 12
3.1. General––– ––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––– –––12
T O R E T A R D R E F L E C T I O N C R A C K I N G – – - ––– - -––– 12
C H A P T E R 3. D E S I G N A N D C O N S T R U C T I O N P R O C E D U R E S
2.3.4. Moisture––– ––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––11
2.3.3 .Trtilc Loads-------------------------------lO
2.3.2. Daily Temperature Cycles––– –––––––––––––––––––––9
2.3.1. Seasonal Temperature Changes––– ––– –––––––––––––– 7
2.3. Causes O f Reflection Cracking––– ––––––––––––––––––––7
2.2. Phenomenon O f Reflection Cracking– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 5
2.1. General––– –––––––––– ––––––––––– ––––––––––––5
C H A P T E R 2. M E C H A N I S M O F R E F L E C T I O N C R A C K I N G - ------ 5
1.3. Study Approach––– –––––––––– –––––––––– ––––––––3
1.2. Research Objectives– –––––––––– –––––––––– –––––––-2
1.1. General––– –––––––––– –––––––––– –––––––––––––1
C H A P T E R I. I N T R O D U C T I O N - - - ----------------------1
Page
T A B L E OF C O N T E N T S
3.2.6. Crack Arresting Interlayer– – – – – –– ---–---––--–--–--21
3.2.7 .Bond Bre&er---------------------------___-22
3.2.8. Stress Absorbing Membrane Interlayer (SAMI)- - – – - -– – – --23
3.2.9. Geogrid Or Geotextile Reinforcement– – – – – – – – –.–– – – – .–.–.– _ 27
3.2.9 .l. Study Conducted in New York ––––––––––––––––––28
3.2.9.2. Geotextile Performance Study in California–––––––––––– 30
3.2.9.3. Experimental Projects in New Mexico––––––––– –––––––32
3.2.9.4. Experimental Projects in Texas ––––––––––––––– ––– 35
3.2.9.5. US Army Corps of Engineers Study–––––––––––––––42
3.2.9 .6. NEEP-10Study--- –----––––-–-–––--–-–-–-43
3.2.10. Major Variables Affecting Geotextile Performance– – – – – – – – 43
3.2.10.1. Effect Of Horizontal Movement At The Joint/Crack– – – – – 44
3.2.10.2. Effect Of Initial Joint/Crack Width– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 46
3.2.10.3. Effect Of Vertical Deflection Across The Joint/Crack– – – – 46
3.2.10.4. Effect Of Overlay Thickness– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 48
3.2.10.5. Effect Of Tack Coat Quantity––– ––––-––––––––––49
3.2.10.6. Geotextile Stiffness––– ––––––––––––––––––––51
3.2.10.7. Climatic Conditions––– ––––––––––––––––––––53
3.2.11. Possible Modes Of Failure In An AC Overlay
With SAMI/Geotextile Interlayer–– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 54
3.3. Summary Of Reflection Cracking Control Procedures– – – – – – – – – 55
3.3.1. Mechanism––– –––––––––– ––––––––––––––– ––––55
–vi–
– vii –
5.3. Research Approach––– –––––––––––––– ––––––––––––71
5.2. I S A C Development A n d Evaluation Procedures– – – – – – – – – – –––71
5.1. Introduction––– ––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––70
P R O C E D U R E S - - - -------------------–----70
C H A P T E R 5. I S A C D E V E L O P M E N T A N D E V A L U A T I O N
4.4. Anticipated Operating Mechanism– – – – – – –– – – –– –– –– – – – – – 67 ‘
4.3. Installation O f I S A C – – –
-–––––-----––--- –---– –----67
4.2.3. High Stiffness Geotextile –––––––––– ––––––––––––-66
4.2.2. Rubber Asphalt Membrane –––––––––– ––––––––––––66
4.2.1. L o w Stifiess Geotextile -----------------------65
4.2. Interlayer Stress Absorbing Composite (ISAC)- - – - – – -- – -- -– 65
4.1. Introduction––– –––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––64
C H A P T E R 4. P R O P O S E D I S A C S Y S T E M --- -— -- -–- ------- 64
3.3.2.8. Geogrid O r Geotextile Reinforcement– – – – – – – – – – – – – 60
3.3.2.7. Stress Absorbing Membrane Interlayer (SAMI)- - – ----59
------------------------58
3.3.2.6. B o n d Breakers–––
3.3.2.5. Crack Arresting Interlayer (Granular Layer)– – – – – – – – – 58
3.3.2.4. Sawing A n d Sealing Joint In A C Overlay– – – – – – – – – – – 58
3.3.2.3. Cracking A n d Seating––– –––––––––––––––––––57
3.3.2.2. Increasing Overlay Thickness – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 57
-––––---–--–---–––---57
3.3.2.1. Pre Overlay Repair– ––
Methods T o Retard Reflection Cracking– – – – – – – – – –– – – – – – 57
3.3.2. Summary O f Design A n d Construction
5.3.1. Phase l–Preparation Testing And Classification Of Materials– – – 71
5.3.2 Phase 2–Fabrication Of Prototype ISAC system– – – – – – – – – – .– 7
5.3.3 Phase 3–Laboratory Testing
And Evaluation Of ISACSystem––– ––––––––––––––––72
5.4. Assumptions––– –––––––––– –––––––––– ––––––––72
CHAPTER 6. MATERIAL SELECTION AND
PREPARATIONOF ISAC--- -----------------74
6.1. Introduction ––– –––––––––– ––––––––––––––––74
6.2. Temperature Effects–– – -–----------- –--––--––----74
6.2.1. Maximum Seasonal/Daily
Temperature Variations In The Pavement– – – – – – – – – – – –– – – 75
6.2.2. Temperature Study Results – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 80
6.2.3. Joint/Crack Opening Calculations––– –––––– –––––––––– 81
6.3. Geotextile Testing– – – -----------------–---------83
6.3.1. Engineering Properties––– ––––––––––––––––––––––83
6.3.2. Summary From Test Results––– –––––––––––––––––––103
6.4. Preparation And Testing Of Rubber Asphalt– –– – – – – – ––– –– – – 104
6.4.1. Preparation Of Rubber Asphalt––– –––––––––––––––––– 104
6.4.2. Specimen Fabrication And Test Description– – – – – – – – – – – – – 104
6.4.3. Test Results––– ––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––108
6.5. Asphalt Concrete Mixture – Preparation And Testing– – – –– – – ––– 135
6.5.1. Materials––– –––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––135
6.5.2. Mixture––– –––––––––––––––– –––––––––––––––135
...
–
Vm–
6.5.3. Testing––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––l35
CHAPTER 7. PREPARATION OF PROTOTYPE ISAC SYSTEM- -- 139
7.1. Introduction––– –––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– I39
7.2. Fabrication Of ISACSample––– –––––––––––––––––––––140
7.3. Check Against Slippage––– ––––––––––––––––––––– –––141
7.3.1. General––– ––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––– –141
7.3.2. Shear Stress Developed At The Interface– – – – –– – – – – – – – – – 144
7.3.3. Horizontal Stress At Pavement Surface––– ––––––––––––– 144
7.3.4. Laboratory Evaluation Of Interface Shear Strength – – – – – – – – – 150
7.3.4.1. Fabrication Of Test Specimens––– –––––––––––––– 150
7.3.4.2. Laboratory Testing––– –––––––––––––––––––––152
7.3.5. Discussion On The Shear Strength Of
Fabricated ISACSample––– –––––––––––––––– ––––-l59
7.4. Modified ISACLayer––– ––––––––––––––– ––––––––––160
7.4.1. Temperature Stiffness Effects– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 162
7.4.2. Stiffness Evaluation At Low Temperature– –– –––––––––––– 163
7.5. Modified ISAC Layer With Lower Stiffness–– – – – –– – – – – – – –– 168
7.5.1. Check For Temperature Stiffness Effects ––––––––––––––– 169
7.5.2. Check for Stiffness Evaluation At Low Temperature – – – – – – – – 172
CHAPTER 8. LABORATORY TESTING AND
EVALUATION OF ISAC--– -––---–-----––- –-––-174
8.1. Introduction––– –––––––––––––––– –––––––––––––––174
8.2. Testing Equipment And Methods––– –––-–––––––––––––– 174
–ix–