Intelligent nanomaterials

589 Pages·2017·7.297 MB·English

by  Ashutosh Tiwari, Yogendra Kumar Mishra, Hisatoshi Kobayashi, Anthony P. F. Turner

Intelligent Nanomaterials
Scrivener Publishing
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Beverly, MA 01915-6106
Advanced Materials Series
The Advanced Materials Series provides recent advancements of the fascinating
field of advanced materials science and technology, particularly in the area of
structure, synthesis and processing, characterization, advanced-state properties,
and applications. The volumes will cover theoretical and experimental
approaches of molecular device materials, biomimetic materials, hybrid-type
composite materials, functionalized polymers, supramolecular systems,
information- and energy-transfer materials, biobased and biodegradable or
environmental friendly materials. Each volume will be devoted to one broad
subject and the multidisciplinary aspects will be drawn out in full.
Series Editor: Ashutosh Tiwari
Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre
Linköping University
SE-581 83 Linköping
Sweden
E-mail: [email protected]
Managing Editors: Sachin Mishra and Sophie Thompson
Publishers at Scrivener
Martin Scrivener ([email protected])
Phillip Carmical ([email protected])
Intelligent Nanomaterials
Second edition
Edited by
Ashutosh Tiwari, Yogendra Kumar
Mishra, Hisatoshi Kobayashi and
Anthony P. F. Turner
Copyright © 2017 by Scrivener Publishing LLC. All rights reserved.
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Cover design by Russell Richardson
Library of Congr ess Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
ISBN 978-1-119-24248-2
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Preface xvii
Part 1 Nanomaterials, Fabrication and Biomedical
Applications
1 Electrospinning Materials for Skin Tissue Engineering 3
Beste Kinikoglu
1.1 Skin Tissue Engineering Scaffolds 4
1.1.1 Materials Used in Skin Tissue
Engineering Scaffolds 5
1.1.1.1 Natural Scaffolds 6
1.1.1.2 Synthetic Scaffolds 7
1.1.2 Scaffold Production Techniques Used in
Skin Tissue Engineering 9
1.1.2.1 Freeze-drying 9
1.1.2.2 Electrospinning 11
1.2 Conclusions 14
References 15
2 Electrospinning: A Versatile Technique to Synthesize Drug
Delivery Systems 21
Xueping Zhang, Dong Liu and Tianyan You
2.1 Introduction 21
2.2 The Types of Delivered Drugs 22
2.2.1 Antitumor/Anticancer Drugs 22
2.2.2 Antibiotic 24
2.2.3 Growth Factors 26
2.2.4 Nucleic Acids 27
2.2.5 Proteins 28
v
vi Contents
2.3 Polymers Used in Electrospinning 29
2.3.1 Natural Polymers 30
2.3.1.1 Chitosan 30
2.3.1.2 Silk Fibroin 30
2.3.1.3 Cellulose Acetate 32
2.3.2 Synthetic Polymers 32
2.3.2.1 Synthetic Homopolymers 32
2.3.2.2 Synthetic Copolymers 33
2.3.3 Polymer Blends 34
2.3.3.1 Blends of Natural Polymers 34
2.3.3.2 Blends of Natural and Synthetic Polymers 35
2.3.3.3 Blends of Synthetic Polymers 36
2.3.3.4 Other Multicomponent Polymer Mixtures 36
2.4 The Development of Electrospinning Process for
Drug Delivery 36
2.4.1 Coaxial Electrospinning 37
2.4.2 Emulsion Electrospinning 38
2.4.3 Multilayer Electrospinning 39
2.4.4 Magnetic Nanofiber 40
2.4.5 Post-modification of Electrospun Scaffolds 41
2.5 Conclusions 41
Acknowledgment 42
References 42
3 Electrospray Jet Emission: An Alternative
Interpretation Invoking Dielectrophoretic Forces 51
Francesco Aliotta, Oleg Gerasymov and Pietro Calandra
3.1 Introduction 52
3.2 Electrospray: How It Works? 54
3.3 Historical Background 63
3.4 How the Current (and Wrong) Description of the
Electrospray Process Has Been Generated? 65
3.5 What Is Wrong in the Current Description? 68
3.6 Some Results Shedding More Light 70
3.7 Discriminating between Electrophoretic and
Dielectrophoretic Forces 72
3.8 Some Theoretical Aspects of Dielectrophoresis 76
3.9 Conclusions 83
References 86
Contents vii
4 Advanced Silver and Oxide Hybrids of Catalysts During
Formaldehyde Production 91
Anita Kovač Kralj
4.1 Introduction 92
4.2 The Catalysis 93
4.2.1 Limited Hybrid Catalyst Methodology 94
4.3 Case Study 95
4.3.1 Silver Process 95
4.3.2 Oxide Process 96
4.4 Limited Hybrid Catalyst Method for
Formaldehyde Production 97
4.4.1 Analyzing the Pure Catalyst Process 97
4.4.2 Graphical Presentation of Catalyst Process 97
4.4.3 Advanced Hybrid Catalyst Process 98
4.4.4 Choosing the Best Advanced Hybrid
Catalyst Process 101
4.4.5 Simulation of the Best Advanced Hybrid
Catalyst Process 102
4.5 Conclusion 104
4.6 Nomenclatures 105
References 105
5 Physico-chemical Characterization and Basic Research
Principles of Advanced Drug Delivery Nanosystems 107
Natassa Pippa, Stergios Pispas and Costas Demetzos
5.1 Introduction 108
5.2 Basic Research Principles and Techniques for the
Physicochemical Characterization of Advanced
Drug Delivery Nanosystems 108
5.2.1 Microscopy 108
5.2.1.1 Optical Microscopy 108
5.2.1.2 Electron Microscopy 109
5.2.1.3 Scanning Probe Microscopy 109
5.2.2 Thermal Analysis 111
5.2.2.1 Classification of Thermal Analysis
Techniques 111
5.2.2.2 Differential Scanning Calorimetry 113
viii Contents
5.2.3 Measurements of Size Distribution and
ζ-Potential of Nanocolloidal Dispersion
Systems and Their Evaluation 117
5.2.3.1 Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS)
and Other Light-scattering Techniques 118
5.3 Conclusions 122
References 122
6 Nanoporous Alumina as an Intelligent Nanomaterial for
Biomedical Applications 127
Moom Sinn Aw and Dusan Losic
6.1 Introduction 127
6.2 Nanoporous Anodized Alumina as a
Drug Nano-carrier 129
6.2.1 Intelligent Properties of NAA
for Drug Delivery 129
6.3 Biocompatibility of NAA and NNAA Materials 138
6.4 NAA for Diabetic and Pancreatic Applications 143
6.5 NAA Applications in Orthopedics 144
6.6 NAA Applications for Heart, Coronary, and
Vasculature Treatment 148
6.7 NAA in Dentistry 150
6.8 Conclusions and Future Prospects 152
Acknowledgment 153
References 154
7 Nanomaterials: Structural Peculiarities, Biological Effects,
and Some Aspects of Application 161
N.F. Starodub, M.V. Taran, A.M. Katsev,
C. Bisio and M. Guidotti
7.1 Introduction 162
7.2 Physicochemical Properties Determining the
Bioavailability and Toxicity of Nanoparticles 164
7.3 Current Nanoecotoxicological Knowledge 168
7.3.1 Main Causes of NPs Toxicity 169
7.3.2 Risk Assessment for NPs in the Environment 170
7.3.3 Peculitiaries of Effects of Some NPs
on the Living Objects 171
7.3.3.1 Experiments with Luminescent Bacteria 171
7.3.3.2 Daphnias as Indicators of Influence of
Nanostructured Material 174