Intellectual Property and Antitrust Review

210 Pages·2017·0.76 MB·English

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lawreviews
Intellectual
Property and
Antitrust
Review
2nd Edition
Editor
Thomas Vinje
l r
aw eviews
PUBLISHER
Gideon Roberton
SENIOR BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGER
Nick Barette
BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGERS
Thomas Lee, Joel Woods
ACCOUNT MANAGERS
Pere Aspinall, Jack Bagnall,
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MARKETING AND READERSHIP COORDINATOR
Rebecca Mogridge
RESEARCHER
Arthur Hunter
EDITORIAL COORDINATOR
Gavin Jordan
HEAD OF PRODUCTION
Adam Myers
PRODUCTION EDITOR
Robbie Kelly
SUBEDITOR
Janina Godowska
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
Paul Howarth
Published in the United Kingdom
by Law Business Research Ltd, London
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© 2017 Law Business Research Ltd
www.TheLawReviews.co.uk
No photocopying: copyright licences do not apply.
The information provided in this publication is general and may not apply in a specific situation, nor
does it necessarily represent the views of authors’ firms or their clients. Legal advice should always
be sought before taking any legal action based on the information provided. The publishers accept
no responsibility for any acts or omissions contained herein. Although the information provided is
accurate as of July 2017, be advised that this is a developing area.
Enquiries concerning reproduction should be sent to Law Business Research, at the address above.
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to the Publisher – [email protected]
ISBN 978-1-910813-72-0
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THE MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS REVIEW
THE RESTRUCTURING REVIEW
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The publisher acknowledges and thanks the following law firms for their learned assistance
throughout the preparation of this book:
ALLEN & OVERY LLP
AZB & PARTNERS
BIRD & BIRD
BRICK COURT CHAMBERS
CLIFFORD CHANCE LLP
CMS RUSSIA
ELIG, ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW
FABARA & COMPAÑÍA ABOGADOS
GRATA INTERNATIONAL
HADIPUTRANTO, HADINOTO & PARTNERS
LENZ & STAEHELIN
LINKLATERS LLP
PINHEIRO NETO ADVOGADOS
SULLIVAN & CROMWELL LLP
WHITE & CASE, SC
ZHONG LUN LAW FIRM
i
CONTENTS
PREFACE ...........................................................................................................................................................v
Thomas Vinje
Chapter 1 AUSTRALIA ..........................................................................................................................1
Kathryn Edghill and Jane Owen
Chapter 2 BRAZIL ................................................................................................................................11
José Alexandre Buaiz Neto
Chapter 3 CHINA.................................................................................................................................23
Zhaoqi Cen
Chapter 4 ECUADOR ..........................................................................................................................38
María Rosa Fabara Vera, Diego Ramírez Mesec and Daniel Castelo
Chapter 5 EUROPEAN UNION ........................................................................................................45
Thomas Vinje
Chapter 6 FRANCE ..............................................................................................................................69
David Por and Florence Ninane
Chapter 7 GERMANY ..........................................................................................................................79
Jörg Witting
Chapter 8 INDIA ..................................................................................................................................90
Samir R Gandhi, Gaurav Bansal and Krithika Ramesh
Chapter 9 INDONESIA .......................................................................................................................99
Daru Lukiantono, Mochamad Fachri and Wiku Anindito
Chapter 10 KAZAKHSTAN ................................................................................................................109
Saule Akhmetova, Timur Berekmoinov and Igor Lukin
iii
Contents
Chapter 11 MEXICO ...........................................................................................................................116
Antonio Cárdenas Arriola and Carlos Mainero Ruiz
Chapter 12 PORTUGAL ......................................................................................................................128
Carlos Pinto Correia, João Pateira Ferreira, Raquel Galvão Silva and Gonçalo Hogan
Chapter 13 RUSSIA ..............................................................................................................................135
Maxim Boulba and Maria Ermolaeva
Chapter 14 SWITZERLAND ..............................................................................................................144
Sevan Antreasyan, Benoît Merkt and Jürg Simon
Chapter 15 TURKEY ............................................................................................................................152
Gönenç Gürkaynak
Chapter 16 UNITED KINGDOM .....................................................................................................162
James Flynn QC and Charlotte Thomas
Chapter 17 UNITED STATES ............................................................................................................177
Garrard R Beeney and Renata B Hesse
Appendix 1 ABOUT THE AUTHORS ...............................................................................................187
Appendix 2 CONTRIBUTING LAW FIRMS’ CONTACT DETAILS...........................................199
iv
PREFACE
Intellectual property is taking a more and more central position in the global economy,
and this is true not only in highly developed economies, but also in emerging ones. China
and India, to take just two examples, are moving rapidly up the value chain and now have
world-class technology companies for which intellectual property protection is crucial.
As the significance of intellectual property grows, so too does the relationship between
intellectual property and antitrust law. Antitrust law constrains the exercise of intellectual
property rights in certain circumstances, and both owners and users of intellectual property
rights need to know how the two bodies of law interact and where antitrust draws lines
for intellectual property. Intellectual property practitioners need to look beyond intellectual
property laws themselves to understand the antitrust limits on the free exercise of rights.
The task of this book is, with respect to key jurisdictions globally, to provide an annual
concrete and practical overview of developments on the relationship between antitrust and
intellectual property. This second edition provides an update on recent developments, as well
as an overview of the overall existing lay of the land regarding the relationship between the
two bodies of law.
Key topics covered in this and future editions include the constraints imposed by
antitrust on licensing, the circumstances under which a refusal to license intellectual property
rights can be unlawful, the imposition of antitrust obligations on owners of standard-essential
patents, the application of antitrust law to cross-border e-commerce, the growing importance
of intellectual property issues in merger cases, and the intense disputes regarding the
application of antitrust law to patent settlements in the pharmaceutical industry.
As intellectual property continues to gain importance in the world economy, and as
the number, resources and sophistication of antitrust authorities grows across the globe,
new battles will be fought over the circumstances in which antitrust constrains intellectual
property. Existing differences in the application of antitrust to intellectual property – already
significant, and perhaps even greater than in intellectual property laws themselves – may grow,
perhaps especially as more net intellectual property-consuming countries devote resources to
antitrust enforcement. Future editions of this book will analyse these developments and we
hope the reader will find this to be a useful compilation and oft-consulted guide.
Finally, I would like to thank Ashwin van Rooijen, Milena Robotham and Axelle
D’heygere for their important contributions to this second edition of The Intellectual Property
and Antitrust Review.
Thomas Vinje
Clifford Chance LLP
Brussels
July 2017
v
Chapter 1
AUSTRALIA
Kathryn Edghill and Jane Owen1
I INTRODUCTION
Intellectual property and competition (antitrust) in Australia are governed by federal laws.
In the case of competition, they are principally found in Part IV of the Competition and
Consumer Act 2010 (Cth) (CCA). The laws relating to intellectual property are found in the
Trade Marks Act 1995 (Cth), the Patents Act 1990 (Cth), the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), the
Designs Act 2003 (Cth), the Plant Breeders Rights Act 1994 (Cth) and the Circuit Layouts
Act 1989 (Cth).
There is very little legislative crossover between competition and intellectual property
laws although Section 51(3) of the CCA provides an exemption from certain provisions
of Part IV of the CCA (other than Sections 46 and 46A (misuse of market power) and
Section 48 (resale price maintenance)), for the imposing, or giving effect to, a condition of
a licence granted by the owner or licensee of a patent, registered design, copyright or circuit
layout right or by an applicant for registration of a patent or design; or an assignment of any
of these rights.
The exemption only applies ‘to the extent that the condition relates’ to the invention,
product, work or other subject matter, or eligible layout that is the subject of the right being
licensed or assigned.
The Section 51(3) exception also applies to the inclusion of, or giving effect to,
a provision authorising the use of a certification trademark in accordance with the rules that
apply to use of the certification trademark; or an agreement between the owner of a registered
trademark and an authorised user of the mark, to the extent that it relates to the kinds,
qualities or standards of goods bearing the mark that may be produced or supplied by the
authorised user.
The precise extent of the Section 51(3) exception is unclear and has been the subject
of relatively little judicial comment. In Transfield Pty Ltd v. Arlo International Ltd,2 Mason J
of the Australian High Court stated, in obiter dicta, that Section 51(3) goes no further than
determining the scope of restrictions that a patentee may properly impose on use of the
patent but not conditions that are collateral to the patent. This is to be contrasted with the
decision in ACCC v. Pfizer Australia Pty Ltd 3 in which the Federal Court held that the Section
should not be given a narrow construction.
Section 51(4) preserves the validity of contract terms protected by Section 51(3), which
otherwise would be rendered unenforceable or void under Part IV of the CCA.
1 Kathryn Edghill and Jane Owen are partners at Bird & Bird.
2 (1980) 144 CLR 83.
3 [2015] FCA 113.
1