Table Of ContentIntelleLcitfuiean l
theL atReo manR epublic
Elizabeth Rawson
-
Duckworth
Firpsutb liisn1h 89e5bd y
GeraDludc kwo&r CtohL. t d.
TheO lPdi aFnaoc ory iIi
43G loucCersetsecrLe onntd,o n NW1
© 1895b yE lizaRbaewtsho n
Alrli grhetsse rNvope adro.tft hpiusb lication
mayb er eproduceidn,r east trosiryeesvdtao elrm ,
transmiinat ntfyeo dr,m b yao nrmy e anesl,e ctronic,
mechanpihcoatlo,c orpeycionrogdr,oi tnhge rwise,
withtohupetr ipoerr misosfti hpoeun b lisher.
ISB0N7 1651 6983
British LibrarPyu bClaitcDaaalttoiago uni ng in
Rawson, Elizabeth
Intellleiicfntte hu leaa lRt oem aRne public
1R.o me-Intellilfeec tual
IT.i tle
937'.05D G254.2
ISBN7 5106-9-618-3
PhotoisNneo trW tahl beys
DerDeoky &l Aes sociMaotlCedsl,,w yd.
PrinitnGe rde Barti tbayi n
UnwiBnr othLeirmsi tOelWddo, k ing
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Contents
;'
' J",
"
Preface
vu
ParIt. InteLilfleeR ocimtaneun aIdlt aly
1.R omaannsGd r ekes: cal oasceqru aintanceship 3
2.R omaen tdh Iet alBiaacnk ground 19
3.P attoefIr nntse llLeicfteu al 38
4.G reWerki taenrtdsh eRiera ders 54
5.I ntellienRc otmuea lIs 66
6.I ntellienRc otmuIeaI l s 84
7.T owarPdusb lPaitcr onage 100
ParItI . ATtrhees
8.G ramcm:aat thie sotfluadnyg uage 171
9.D ialectica 123
1.0 Rhetoric 134
11. The MatheAmrattsi cal 165
12.M edicine 107
13.A rchitaencAdtl ulrSieue jbde cts 185
14.L aw 201
1.5 HistorioagnrAdal plhSiyue jbde cts 215
16.A ntiquarianism 233
17.G eograapnhdy Ethnography 250
18.G ramm:a' ttiphcaeard te alwiintwghr iters' 267
1.9 Philosophy 282
20.T heolaongdy A trhtoesfD ivination 298
Conclusion 317
Bibliography 326
Index 337
X2515271
Indagiaptrsieaor huamb oebtl ectationem
svie raol iqoucicrduiq rtu ovde sriim viildee atur,
humaniscsoimmpala entiumrvu osl uptate.
CiceArcoa de2m.1i 2c7a
Preface
Thibso oikps e rhaanpa sr bitranrocy o mopnldeee;tf eec nacbnee g ivfeonr
whaitti nclaunddew sha ittl eaovuestA .b ovael iln,t ellleeici fntt uhael
CicoehriAagnew ithCoiuectrh oi msmeulsbfte H amlweitt htohuPetr ince;
butth ouhgiphsr esewnibcleel l tfteh rougthhwoeou rtak st, h mea isno urce
for thea npdse ormieotdai sma en se cessaroyfr eepfroeintnchtee ,ir sne o
direccotn fronwtiatthi ognhri easac th ieveTmheanhtta .s t eonbfe en
assesTsheesd a.m ies torfLu uec re(tmiauitsae lriHsotriatcto iC oi cero's
Hamlpeetr,ph sa)a;nd t haec cooufnV ta rro,w awsth oPo e traarfcthe,r
CicearnodV irgiitlle ,r zol ugmRreoa mna annodi, n de(ewdiC tihc earnod in
thciassL eu creatuituhosofo)r n oeft he tmharsetee r-owfto hrreek csae gnet
toh inse ar-contVeimtprourcvaoiruuhylas dv,a e p proaccohmepdl eotnelnye ss
aftae lrei itfmew'osr kS.i ncheo,w evVearr,rt oo ucthheeis n tellectual
interoefh sittsis m aeta lmoesvtep royi anntds, i nhceie sl ewseslk ln-own
than twhoi s gfrleelaotIwh sa,vt er iteodd e al with ohfVi amr.'r soM any
worakrsue n dataanbwdlh ee,hr eei cso ncernteedm pooluriramh lia tts ob e
hidse aitn2h 7 B .C(.hi eps e rhuanplsi tkohe alvyfe om rulartaeddi cnaelw ly
approaicneh xetsr oelmde aIhg aev)ae.l ssot racihnreodn otloio ngcyl ude
Vitruwvhiogu rse,a itmlpyr otvhebesa laonftc hebe o oiknt eromfss u bject
matt-tehro uigctha bne h oneasrtgluyte hdam tu chh iomsfa tewraipsau lt
togeitnth heerea rtlhyi ritnfio teths fe o irettsh,o uognhlp yu bliwsihtiehtd s,
dedicatAiuognu sittnout sht,ew etnieDsi.o doSriucsu ilsmu osr eea sily
accommeoddh;ae ts tarwtreidt aibnogu6 t0B .Ca.n,dp ubliisnht ehde
thtiireBust. g einne Irh aalvn eoc to nsitdheierm epdo rttrainutm pveirriaold
in oiwtnts e rmosrt, h yeo unger wahuoet mheorrgtseh det nh,o uIgh ha ve
nobte eanb lteor esistH oursa'ciSsenat gi rpersi,m afrosirol cyhi iaslt aonrdy ,
somoeft hmei nfiogru rceosn simdaeyir nef dabc etl otnotg h piesr iod.
Fundametnhtea lbilocsyoo nkc ewrintfiehgd u roefts hs ee cornadna kn,d
witghe nepraatlt eWrern esa.Cd i ceroL uaceinrtud;w s ea lso Craetaudl lus,
Caes(atrh onuogtthh f er agmoefhn itDsseA noagl)ia anSda llbuuswtte t; e nd
tok nofwat ro loi tottflh ieen tellaesoc ptpuoatslote, hdp e o libtaiccrkaoglu,n d
tot hewsrei tTehreRs o.m antsh pioesfr ihoajddu lsetra ntth aitof,n w ei shes
to warbiotaues t uj becotnm,eu st bbey gdienfi int'ni.Itn egl lleeici'ftns uo atl
altogeeatsthyoed re finIhe a.ad n umboefr deqfiuneistteii no nmsai sIn d
worked, hWohwaetwve ertreh. be a soipcp ortuannidct oinesst riani nts
intellaecctitituvyFa?ol r e xampwlheer,ew ere btohoeka sn do ther
documeanntwdsh ,oc ouldt hue?sHm eo wfa rc ouolndde o w ithout written
matiearlWsh?ow erteh mee nw hop urstuhededif rfeenbtr ancohfse tsu- dy
frowmh abta ckgrdoiutdnh decsyo maen hdo ww erteh efiyn acnedW?h ich
schowlearrGesr eewkh,i cRho ma-na ndi st hear set rdiicvti ldiinnge ?
Whiccha nbe c allpreeodsf sioannadl sw haimcathe ?Wu hraswte rteh e
Prfeace
Vlll
relatbieotnwset ehene d siffecrleaensstTs? h er oloeft hme anyl earned
Greewkhsow orkienRd o mie si,te m ergneosatt,l o getehaestryod ecide.
Furtherwmhoarte o,sf o ratc wtaistvh ietoryue t stihdceei tiynt, h ree st of
Itaalnydh, o wc losienltye gwraast edan iytw iotwfhh awte notn i nt he
capli?tW ahilteh el asatn dm ositm porttaansitkst od iscowvheart
intelloejbcetcutawilev rees puirrsrueesdp,oe fct thiebv ree adotfth h e
audiewnhciec h bmeei xgphetc ititeas dl ,vs iot taosl ew eh atth aatu dieinnc e
ancya smei gbhetA. n d wchhaatn cgaemsae b oiuntt h pee rioofod v ehraa l f
centwuirtywh h icwhea rdee alTiona gn?s wer qtuheesstaeit o nasl l it is
necesastpa rreys teotn utrt noa f arnguem boefsr p ecisatluidsmieoedss t,l y
noitnt hEen glliasnhg uTahgibeso. ot kr iteods r atwh teh retaodgse atnhde r
(tcoh antghmeee tapthood rr)aa wsf ualg le nepriaclta usor ueir n audaetqe
evidaelnlcoe ws.
Witthh e proocfofe rdmuarle se dIuh caavnteoio ton tn hw eh ocloen cerned
mysetlhfea;yr d ei scuisnsn euadm boefwr o rikns EnTghleig srha.m matici,
rhetaonrdps h ilosotphhepeilrras ic,nse o ciaentdty h ediorc trcionmees ,
withinp urovuirte hwe, mebtyhw ohdisc h ttahuegtyhh tye o undgon ot,
thouIgh ha vfele itt imptoosr atsyao nmte thintgh eeax bttoet unowt h ich
young Rwoemnaatnb sr ofoarad d vanscteudd Iih easvo.efc ouressec hewed
thcer eaatrittvshe,o ungohtt h e hainscdtr oirtyoi cfti hsems e.a rTtehw eor e
parttots h beo otkh:fie r isrtso ugsholcyhi iaslt tohrseye ,c otnhhdei stoofr y
ideas. Tphaerh talp saor tvtehedar rt doo rganfoiras p ee,r ioofid n complete
specialiinws haittcihhioe nn fl,u eonfcc eer tdaiisnc iipfslle iitnna en su mber
offi elIditsh s.e rteot oh athtge a pisno uerv idaernmeco esd ta magainnIdg ,
havpee rhaagpgsr avtahptere odb blyeb me ivnegrc ya utiinoQ uuesel nlk;r itik
theirsne o s patcoea rgue uanbcoeurttti aeFison.re xamptlhene,a moef
Posidoocnciunurosits n frequenltelosytfs,e t nhb auwnto uolndc e bheaevne
thoupgrhotp Mearn.ay u thaonridsd ewaisol flc ourhsaevb ee eknn owinn
Romeo,f whtihsceuh r vilviitnegrg aitvuuesrns eo h inItnt. h piasr otft he
booIka lsion evietnatbaeln ryu mboefr fiienlw dhsic Idh o n oftee lfu lly
competNeontvt e.rm yu cthh aitsn e ww iblelfo unidn w haIth avteos ay
abotuhte tmh,o uagnah t tetmocp otv aew ri dsep ectorfsu ujmbe cdtose s lead
toc ertnaeiwpn e rspeacntdpi ovsessei,vb eltnyot hseo luotfis oonmo el d
problTehmesra.er aer gumeangtasi anssw te,la lsf ohr,a vian sguj bect
treabtyae b do aorfds peciCaelritsataisc n.ul lyt iRvoamtaeondft htei me
wouhladv hea sdo mken owleoe fad lgolra lmoaslttlh s eu jbecdtiss cussed.
Ata neyv etnhto,u Ihg ohp teh tahte reb eamn auym boenfr e wsu ggestions
atv aripoouisin ntt shw eo rikit,ms e atnotb ei np arast y nthaensidin ps at r
simpdleys criFpetwi vreew.ai dbleelr sfa mievleiinano r u tlwiintehfi ealldls
ofi ntellaeccttiauvttai hltti yis m aen,da b roiandt roodrauyc cctount may
prove useftuhlat.th eiIrasnen d eeefoedrds ,u cahb o oske emteomd e t ob e
provbeytd h iem mense amIol uenatr nItw tha wasart si tiitFn.oge r x ample,
I dindo ktn owa,n dI d on otth itnhka mta nyo ft howsheo c onnc er
themsweiltvthehh sei stoorlr iyt eroaftt hulera eRt eep ub(laoispc p otsoe d
studoefn tHse llpehonisilosptohirGyc r eek medictihnateth) e irsake n ow
casfoera rgutihnatgth m eo sitn flueGnrteieakl tahtwi onrkiken r Roimne
thfier st cBe.nCwt.au str hyde o ctAosrc lepoifBa idtehsy annidta h,ah ti s
Prfeace IX
theoarbioetusht ce a uosfde i sewaesrpeer obafabmliyl tioma ors etd ucated
men.
Theh istoriamna kegm eunsaetlr isaittii ostn hsec; o ndiotfih oins
understhainmsda itanelgrB. iu ath istogreinceiarslaa ltmieoannn so thiisn g,
totaelmlpytw yi,t htohuceto ncrdeetteaf irlowsmh icihte mergaensdt o
whiciht lseingdnsi fiTchaenracerea e. n umboefrp hrasesw e thuaste
smoewhgalti bly whoefn fittrhascelte k nitnBug.r Cay.tR ome. dWoheast
'Graeco-Rcoimvainl irseaamtleilaoynO n?r'' n icreaosriinegn itoa'nlO?ir s at
'thdeom inaitniflnugeo nfc ecS its'omHi?o wf acra 'n tphrea ctRiocmaaln
minrde'a blel yc ontwriatashm to eradeb stGrraeccetak so tft hohut?gT he
answgeirvsoe tfne rne osntt onoa rraob wa smioss,tt eaonp f urelleiyrt ary
oneo,ro nt hweo rokft hfaer fr omt ypiCcieacrlwo h,o t,h ough lhees sw as
learinnse odm e twhaaycnse rtoafhi icnso ntempotrraarnisecmsea,nn dye d
oft heliirm itaPteirohnasp.so fts homema et eirni alth is bouostk o can help
stabruti lmdoirnsege curely.
Probanbool nywe o ulnodw a greeM owmimtshe bnr'isl dleilaeinantt ion
oft he peartti heoend od,fh iHsis tyoo fRr omaeso, n oefh eadlionntcget lulael
anda rtidsetcilci ndeo;n owte es timuantteo ucphuerdio tfny a tional
languaangtdeh ousgohh ti ghh eda is(d n odro twhei inetkv eerx isitne d
Rom)ea,n idn creeaxspeedr iegnrcoew siaonnpgdh istsioc alBtouihwtoo. nw
facra wne a rgtuheat thp ee rigoedn uinely maroknsw haawnte natd vance
berf?eo Howf ar idthi odl d promtihs'eef utfouorrr e ,w hoific th s
achievewmeernneot its,nl ataenrt iqtuobi est uypr,a ssWeedr?te h see eodfs
declrienaela llrye tahdey?r edIo n otc latioma nswaelrtl h elsaer ge
quest;bi uowtne ss hould atb elgsieenar,si tot,uoa s stlkhy e Imna. n cya siet,
wilIhl o,p aep,p etahriat fth e algaoesf tRt ohmea n ReipnIu tbalwliayncs o t
onoeft hger eat petrhhieio sdtosofw r eiysn t tehronu igwtha tcs,e rtaoinen ly
ofi mmenasnedv ariaecdt ivbiustyy ,t waistokhfsr eailm portfoarn ce
contempoarnasdro imeest,i memse nof floart ateghreae ssw ell.
Myfi rsotb ligiastto i optnah tei eofnP creeo sfsHo.rL lo-yoJdneasn dmy
publiwshhoce orm,m isstihoinse adbsa o c ookn tritbotu htCeil soasni Lcifea l
anLde tsteerraisne ds ,»' ihnso p,io tfe dtehlea aypepde araannidcn ec reased
bulokf mtahneu scargirpetteog,d oa hewaidt ihtp su blicAamtoinogn .t hose
tow hoImh avteu rnfeoadrd viIc eop,wa er tigcrualtaitrtoP u rdeoesf sJoAr.
Crook,r ewathdhco eh apotnJe urr ispraunddeP ntrceooesf ,s] o.rE .ZeGt.z el
and DHro rNs.faw lhloa ,td iffesretnawtge enstt h rougthso f td hrweah fole
workt;h be iblioglreaaprhnoiiftcn h gle a st-nhaamsbe ede ens pecially
valuaDbrMl .e:T.G rifwfianss o v ery agsto olo odto hkr otuhgpehr ooDfrs .
D.C ooperF raannWdch eist e hetlomp aekde mteh bey c ionmdpeuTxth eer .
BritSicshhoa otRl o mek indglayv e pmeer mistsoui somena terfiiraslt
publiisnPhB eSd1R 798F.i naIml ulsyet x prmeysd se bttot hmea nsyc holars
whoswoer kIsr eabdu wta su nabtlore e coirntd h bei ibolgraapnhdy ,
apologitshneeu mfeorrgo aupsss u,p erficainadnl oid toiuebst downright
errwohrisc hr esmtaiiinltn lh b eo ok.
CorpCuhsr iCsotlil Oexgfoer,d E.D.R.
PART I
IntelleLcitfuiean l
Romea ndI taly
