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240 c. - (DHMKOTeKa caCTeMHoro nporpaMMRCTa; T. 6>, meHBoro peJlOlMa pa6on.l nponeccopos, B KHHre IIpHBe.lleHO 60JIbWoe KO~ecTBO
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ISBN 5-86404-032-0 (T. 6>
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npou,eAYpa nepeltJlJOqetiKll _ 3IUU~1II,6tI11..d' pelItMN ~ 'lIl)SBpaT& .. pe&IIIoHIlIA Borland C 3.0, HO MOlKl\O BOCII0JIb30BllTbCSI H Borland C 2.0 HJlH Borland C 3.1:
pe...... nJUlll6J'llKW nporpaMMW. AeNOHC'I'PHPY1OUJ,H8 HcnOJU4OBBKMe A*,,"~ • IIpHBe.lleHHbIe npHMepbI HeTpY.llHO ananraposars .lIJUI TPaHCJIsrropa Microsoft Quick C.
lII,iHHOro pellUlMB H MYJl1>TM3IlAllQHOQ'b., OnMCaHB. MepapxHll cpclACTB AM ..~ Hawa KHHrll He 1I0XOlll:a aa CnpaBOqHHK 110 rrpoueccopax i80286 H i80386 - 1I0.llO
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Intel 80286...80386, 80486. A,I peJlOlM SlBmleTCSI OCHOBHbIM H eCTeCTBeHHbIM peXHMOM pa60Thl rrponeccopos i80286,
npaKTHlIeCKoe pyKOBOACTBO i80386 H i80486. TOJIbKO B 3amHmeHHoM pexaxe nOJIHOCTbIO peanH3yIOTCSI see B03
no HCDOJIb30Ba1Ul1O 3aIIUlw;eHH~ro peJltHMa )~i MOlfCHOCTH, 3&JI0~HHbIe B apXHTeKTYPY npoueccopos. 3aDlHDleHHblH pelUlM pa60Tbi
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TeMhl UNIX, XENIX, OS/2. PC-MOS, QNX, Desk View, CeTeBbIX onepauaoaaux
CRCTeMaX NOVELL, B onepauaoaaoa CHCTeMe Microsoft WINDOWS, B' .lIpaUBepax
MaKeT O.A. Kys"NHHa80A '
Q6.nolKKa H.B. AMHTPHeBOA pacmapeaaoa naMlITH EMM386 H QEMM, B CYB.n. ORACLE. Xopomo aasecraas
Koppenop B.C. KYCTOB CHCTeMa pa3pa60TKH nporpaseraoro 06eCneqeHHSI Borland C raxxe MOlKeT patiorars
nOAllHcaHO B neqaTJo 20.09.93. ~pMaT 6Ox84/16. I;Ie'lllTb o4lceTMali• B 3llDlHlIleHHOM pelKHMe, npa 3TOM ee npOH3B0.llHTeJIbHOCTb 3aMeTHO B03paCT8er.
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nonyJISlpHOCTbIO BO BceM MHpe. O.llHaKO He ace 3HaIOT, lITO Microsoft WINDOWS
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nporpaMMbI, pa3pa6aTblBlleMbIe }{.IISI WINDOWS, pa60TaIOT B 3alIlHDleHHoM pexHMe,
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@ A.B. clJpClJIOB. r.a, c;l)pOJJOlI~ 1993
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ISBN 5-86404-032-0 (T. 6) '@ OPHrMH&JI-MalteT. ~pMJIeHHe o6JIOlKllH.
ISBN 5-86404-004-5 AO ",[(HAJlOr-MH~H", 1993 .
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XOAHMO 3HaTb oco6eHHOCTH' pa60Thl rrponeccopa B ~eHHoM pe:lllllMe. ~ mx KOMDblOTCpaX, BhlDllJIHeHHhIX aa 6a3e nponeccopos i80286, i80386, i80486.
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annapaTYpoH, JIH60 ecJIH Bl\mH nporpaMMhI 6yAYT 06pa6aTblB8Tb OOm.mue ' neccop i80286 B 38mmn;eHHhli pelKHM H B03BHam.alOlD,Hi ero 06paTHo. Ha npllMepe
AaHHhIX (nopJl,A1Ul HecXOJIbDIX Mera6aAT HJIH Ante HecXOJIbKHX AecsrnOB Me STOB: nporpaMMhI BhI CMOlKere nOJly'lHTb DpCACTB8JleHBe 0 rox, UK BIlmOJlHlllOTClI
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paTHIlHoii: naxsra, peaJUl30BaHHOii: CHCnOJlb30BllKHeM Marmrmoto ABCKa. ' MOlKHOCTeH, peanasosaamsx a'npoueccope i80286 annaparao, Mhi npHlJe):\eM npHMep
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8.nbHOro nponeccopa 8086". B iuecmoi; enaee ODHC8Ha aepapxas cpencra, AocrynHhlx 06h1'IHhIM DOS-npor
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l8JIbHO B03MOll:HOMY <pH3H'IeCKOMY aapecy FFFFFh. Ho, acnonsays 16-pa3PllJlHble
OCHoBHaSi TPyt\HOCTb, C KOTOpOH CT8JIKHBaeTClI nporpasoracr, H3Y'lalOIJ:tHH 3a
lernCTpbl npoueccopa, BbI MOllCeTe 3at\aTb H 60Jlbillee 3Ha<ieHHe t\J11I norasecxoro an
mHmeHHblH pellCHM. - 31'0 CJIOllCHalI cxesra npe06pa30BaHHII aapecos, IT031'0MY Mbi
ieca, aanpassep FFFFh:0010h. lITO npOH30Hp,e-r B 3TOM cnyxae?
yt\eJIHM MHoro BHHMaHHlI TOMy, KaK B 3TOM pelKHMe npoacxoaar anpecauas naMIITH.
ECJIH B KOMnblOTepe YCTaHOBJIeHbI nponeccopa i8086 HJlH i8088, npOH36Ht\eT ne .
}1,JI1i 06JIeI"leHHII BocnpHIITHII Mbi BHa'l8JIe onYCTHM aexoropue t\eT8JIH, OTJIOllCHB aa
tenOJlHeHHe anpeca. OHO 6YAeT npoHI'HOpHpOBllHO npOl.\eCCOpOM. B pesyasrare JlOrH "' BpeMjl HX noxaoe onacaaae.
recsoxy aapecy FFFFh:0010h 6yt\eT COOTBeTCT80BllTb <pH3H'IeCKHH aapec OOOOOh.
ECJIH lICe HcnOJlb3YlOTClI nponeccopu i80286, i80386 HJlH i80486, <pH3H'IeCKalI WH
npe06pa30B3HKe anpecos B 38I1J.KlIJ.eHHOM peJKKMe
ra aapeca mape 20 GHT. }1,JI1I npoueccopa i80286 urana anpeca HMeeT IIIHpHHy 24 6H
B 38ll.\HmeHHOM peJKHMe. T8K JKe KaK H B peansaox, cyIJ:teCTBylOT nOHlITHlI JIOI'H'Ie
a, a t\J11I nponeccopoa i80386 H i80486 - 32 6HT/i. ITPH pafiore B' peanbHoM pellCHMe
CKOfO H <pH3H'IeCKoro aapeca. JIofH'IeCKHH aapec B 3aIJ:tHIJ:teHHOM peJKHMe (aaorna
IcnOJlb3YlOTClI MJla.lIWHe 20 aapecmsx JlHHHH- OT AO no A19, OCT8JIbHble anpecaue
IHHHH annaparypa xoxnssorepa 6J1oKHpyeT. HCnOJlb3YeTCSI repuaa "BHpry8JIbHblH anpec") COCTOHT H3 t\BYX 16-pa3plIt\HblX KOM'
nOHeHT - cenexropa H CMeIJ:teHHII. Cenexrop aanacsrsaercs B re xe cerxearasre pera
ECTb B03MOllCHOCTb CHlITb OJlOKHpOBKy C aapecaoa JlHHHH A20. ITPH 3TOM B peans
10M pe:lltHMe nOIIBJllIeTCII eme OAHH "JlbroTHblil" cerxenr naMlITH, JlellCaIJ:tHH ,Bblwe crpu, lITO H CerMeHTHblH aapec B Pe8JIbHOM pelKHMe. Ot\H8KO npe06p830B8HHe JIOI'H
xecxoro anpeca B <pH3HllecKHH BblnOJIHlIeTCII He npocrax CJIOllCeHHeM CO Ct\BHroM, a
'PaHHl.\bI rrepsoro Mem6aiiTa. 3TOT CerMeHT Ha3b1BlleTClI 06J1aCTblO crapurea naMIITH
.High Memory Area). Em t\Hana30H JlOrH'IeCKHX aApeCOB - OT FFFFh:0010h no npa nOMOIJ:tH cneu.H8JIbHblX Ta6JIHl.\ npe06pa30BaHHII anpecos.
"FFFh:FFFFh. Paaxep 06J1aCTH crapmea naMIITH - 64 K6aiiTa 6e3 16 6aHT. B rrepaox npH6JIHlKeHHH MOJKHO C'IHTaTb, 'ITO t\J11I nponeccopa i80286 CeJIeKTOp
Onepauaoaaas CHCTeMa MS-DOS yxeer HCnOJlb30BaTb crapuryio 06J1acTb naMII'l1t, IIBJlJleTCSI RHt\eKcoM B TaMHl.\e, cOAeplKameH 6a30Bble 24-pa3plIt\Hble <pH3H'IeCKHe aA
peca CerMeHTOB. B npouecce npe06pa30BaHHlI norauecxoro anpeca B' <pH3H'IecKHH
sacnonaras TaM CBoe IIt\PO. ,Ll,Jl1I sroro He06xot\HMO nOt\KJlIO'IHTb t\paiiBep
-IIMEM.SYS H nOMecTHTb B <PaM CONFIG.SYS CTpOKy: npoueccop npatiaanser K 6a30BoMY 24-pa3plIt\HoMY anpecy 16-pa3plIt\Hoe CMeIJ:teHHe,
T. e. BTOpylO KOMnoHeHTy JlOI'H'IeCKoro anpeca (pHC. 4).
)OS=HIGH
Apxarexrypa npoueccopos cepaa i80XXX, pa60TaIOIJ:tHX B pe8JIbHOM pellCHMe,
4DaoI3M...QU48 aApee
rpennonaraer xpaaeaae CerMeHTHOH KOMnOHeHTbI anpeca B CerMeHTHbiX peracrpax: 16 16 -------, 000000
CS - CerMeHT xoaa;
DS - cerxerrr t\aHHblX;
ES - t\onOJlHHTenbHblil cerxesr t\aHHblX;
SS - cerxear CTeKa.
".
KOMnOHeHTa CMemeHHII MOllCeT HaXOt\HTbClI B peracrpax BX, BP, SI, Dl, IP.
3aAaBaSI npoaseoasaae 3Ha'leHHII CerMeHTHOil KOMnOHeHTbI H KOMnOHeHTbI CMe
l.\eHHSI JlI06alI nporpaxxa MOlKeT aApeCOBaTbClI K JlI060MY ysacrxy naMIITH KOMnblO
, 'FFFFFF
repa, B qaCTHOCTH, JlI06alI nporpasosa MOll:eT npeanaxepenno HJlH H3-3a oWH6KH
Ja3pYIIIHTb 06J1aCTH aaaasrx, npaaannexamae Onepal.\HOHHOH CHCTeMe. Puc. 4. Ynp0/<ieHHtnl CXCMa npeoopasoeanu» J!OlU"CCICOZO abpeca a q,U3U'/CCICUU
BblJlenHM t\Ba OCHOBHblX Het\OCTaTKa cxexa anpecauaa naMIITH peansnoro pelKHMa: II 3a/<iU/<iCHHOM pexuxe
Taxas cxexa <PoP~HPOIlaHHII <pH3H'IeCKoro anpeca n03BOJllIeT HenOCpet\CTBeHHO
• orpaaaseanoe anpecnoe npQfTPaHCTBO <Ao 1 M6aHTa H npasrepno 64 K6ailTa
crapmea 06J1aCTII naMIITH t\J11I npoueccopos i80286, i80386 H i80486); aapecoaars 16 M6aHT n8MlITH C nOMOIJ:tblO 16-pa3PllJlHblX j(OMnOHeHT norasecxoro
• cB06ot\HblH nocryn Jl106b1x nporpaxx K JlI06b1M 06J1aCTIIM t\a.HHblX, 'ITO npenc aAP~·
TaBJIlIeT nOTeHl.\H8JIbHYIO onaCHOCTb t\J11I l.\eJlOCTHOCTH Onepal.\HOHHOH CHCTeMbi. 3aMeTbre, 'ITO CeJleKTOp - 3TO He CerMeHTHblH aapec. 3TO HHt\eKc, C nOMOIJ:tblO KO
TOPOro npoueccop H3BJ1eKaeT H3 cnel.\H8JIbHOH Ta6J1Hl.\b1 24-pa3plIt\HblH 6a30BblH an
3THX Het\OCTaTKOB nOJlHOCTbIO JlHWeHa cxexa anpecauaa naMIITH, xoropas acnons pee cerxeara. B Pe8JIbHOM pelKHMe Mbi HMeeM t\eJlo C CerMeHTHbiM aapecox H CMeIJ:te
lyeTClI B 3amHmeHHOM pellCHMe. .
HHeM, a B 3aID;Hll.\eHHOM - C CeJIeKTOpOM H CMeIJ:teHHeM.
Ha caMOM t\ene He see 16 6HT cenexropa HcnoJlb3YlOTClI t\J11I HHt\eKCal.\HH no Ta6
JlHu.e 6a30Bblx anpecos, B xaxecree HHt\eKca BblCTYnalOT crapnrae 1;3 6MT. )l,Ba MJlaA
)
"AHAJlOr-MHtPw
14 3a~H~eHHbliii pe)f(HM npOL/eCCOpOB Intel 80286/80386/80486 OC06eHHOCTH 3S/J4H/J49HHOro pe)f(HMS npOl./9CCOPS 180286 15 -
IlIHX 6HTa (6HT 0 H 6HT 1) HcnOJlb3YlOTCli CHCTeMOH 3aIl.lHTbI naMlITH, 0 qeM Mbi nOA
P06HO noroaopaa B CJIeAYIOlI\eM paaaene. 6HT 2 n03BOJllleT Bbl6HpaTb AJIli npeofipa
30BaHHlI azipeca OAHH H3 ABYX THnOB Ta6J1Hl\ npe06pa30BaHHlI anpecos.
16 3 2 1 0
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 11
A < >
HMA8ICG TI RPl
Puc. 5. nom,,,,1l <pOf/Mam cenexmopa aiJpeca
Ha pHC. 5 ABa MJlaAIlIHX 6HTa 0603HaqeHbI KaK RPL (Requested Privilege Level).
3TO none sanaercs 3anpOIlIeHHbIM nporpasoaoa ypoeneu npaaaneraa, H ero Mbi 6y
AeM 06cY)l(AaTb n03)1(e. Ilone TI (Table Indicator) COCTOHT H3 OAHOro 6HTa. EcJIH
Puc. 6. YmO'<Hifuuast CJCt!MQ npt!06pa:KXlaUUSl aiJpecoo
3TOT 6HT pases HyJlIO, AJISI npeo6pa30BHHHSI anpeca acnonssyercs TaK naasrsaexras
rJI06aJIbHaSi Ta6J1Hl\a AeCKpHTITOpOB GDT (Global Descriptor Table), B npOTHBHOM
cnysae - noxansaas Ta6J1Hl\a AeCKpHTITOpOB LOT (Local Descriptor Table). )J.eTaJlbHoe onacaaae CXeM6I npe06pa30BaHHJI anpecos
Ta6J1Hl\a AeCKpHTITOpOB - 3TO npOCTO Ta6J1HQa npeofipaaoeaaas aApeCOB, conepxa Teneps nepe~CM K 60JIee crporoxy onHcaHHIO cxeMbi npe06pa30BaHHlI aapecos B
uias 6a30BbIe 24-pa3pllAHble <pH3HqecKHe aapeca CerMeHTOB H aexoropyio npyryro ~CHHOM pelll:HMe.
HH<p0pMaQHIO. To ecrs KalK,l\bIH 3J1e'MeHT Ta6J1Hl\bI necxpxrrropos (necxpanrop) cone Pemcrp GOTR, yxa3b1Ba1OIIlHA pacnoaoxeaae B <pH3K'1eCxoii naMlITH H pasxep
plKHT 24-pa3pll,l\HbIH 6a30BbIH anpec cersrenra H apyryro HH<p0pMal\HIO, onacaaa rJI06aJII>HOil: m6JIH~ .o,ecXpHlIT()POB GOT, lIBJIlIeTClI KJllOqeBblM B cxeae a,l\pecaUHH
IOlI\YIO CerMeHT. 3alllHmcHHoro pelll:HMa.
Ta6J1HQa GOT - e,l\HHCTBeHHaSi B CHCTeMe. 06bIqHO B HeH HaXO,l\SlTCSI onHcaHHSI ce IQ)o p""81" p .......CT'J)a GDTR
I I
rMeHTOB Onepal\HOHHOH CHCTeMbI. Ta6J1HQ LOT MOlKeT 6bITb MHoro. 3TH Ta6J1Hl\b1 CO 6a.O''''~ ."'"O" GOT Pi_eo> t.$T. 1
aepxar onHcaHHSI CerMeHTOB nporpaxx, pa60TalOlI\HX non ynpaanenaea onepauaoa E 24it..,.. • l 18 MY- »'
HOH <:HcTeMbI, T. e. OT,l\eJlbHbIX aanax. B KalKAbIH AaHHbIH MOMeHT BpeMeHH npoueccop
Puc. 7. tlJopMam peeucmpa GDTR npo~eccopa ;&0286
MOlKeT HCnOJlb30BaTb TOJlbKO OAHy Ta6J1Hl\Y LOT.
npOQeCCOP HMeeT ABa peracrpa, npenaaanaveanux AJIli aapecanaa acnonssyesnsx PeI'HCrp GOTR (pHC. 7) HMeCT AJIHHY 5 6am. Crapnrae 3 6aiiTa co.o,epuT 24-pas
B HaCTOSllI\HH MOMeHT Ta6J1HQ GOT H LOT. Peracrp GOTR onacsrsaer pacnonoxe pJIJIHbIH <PHSHqecKHA anpec TaMHUhI GOT, MJIlI,I\IIIHe 2 6ama - AJIHHY m6Jm~ GOT,
HHe H paaxep Ta6JlHQbI GOT, a peracrp LOTR cOAeplKHT CCbIJIKY aa HcnoJlb3YIOlI\Y YMeHIdDeHHYIO aa l. ,/l,JnnJa GQT, YMeHbmeHH811 H8~, H83b1BaeTClI npe.o,eJIOM
IOCSI B HaCTOSllI\ee BpeMSI Ta6J1Hl\Y LOT. m6Juuv,r GOT (GOT limit). ORa HCnOJI~eTClI AJIlI npoBepKH npaBHmoH()CTH sanaaa
Ha pHC. 6 noxasana YTOqHeHHaSi cxexa npeoepaaoaauas aapecos B 3alI\Hlli,eHHOM eMbIX nporpaMMOil: CeJIeXTOpoB. Ilene HH,lI;eKca cenexropa .o,OJIlJ[Ho·co.o,epllCan. CCWIKH
pelKHMe. lh pacyaxa BHAHO, 'ITO peracrpu npoueccopa GOTR H LOTR onpenensior TOJIbKO aa cymecrayiontae 3JIeMOHTbl m6J1HQh1 GOT, B IIpOTHBHOM CJIy'Ule npoHsoil:
pacnonoxeaae B naMSITH Ta6J1Hl\ COOTBeTCTBeHHO GOT H LOT. Ta6J1HQbI GOT H .o,CT npeplllBllHHe. 3HAll pasxep GOT, npoueccop 6JIOKHpYCTHcnMb30BaHBe Ce.lIeKTO
LOT conepxar necxparrropu, onacusaroume CerMeHTbI naxsrra, B 3THX necxparrro pOB co 3R8qeHHlIMH nOJIJI BHAeKca, BblXO)J,llIQHMH sa paMKB paspemeaaax, AHanOI'H'l
pax nOMHMO ,l\pyroH HH<popMaQHH (saurrpaxoaamtas 06J1aCTb) conepxarcs 24-pa3pll Hhlil: MexaHBsM HCnOJIb3YeTClI H AJIlI nposepxa cenexropos, CCbl.lIalOlI\BXClI aa LOT.
AHbIH 6a30BbIH a,l\pec cerxeura, " Ilepea nepexoAoM B 3alI\HlI\CHHblil: pelll:HM nporpasoea AOJIlIl:~8 C03A8T1> B Onep8TH
Crapnrae 13 6HTOB CeJIeKTOpa (HHAeKc) BbI6HpalOT 3J1eMeHT H3 Ta6J1Hl\b1 GOT WlH BHOt naMlITH m6nHllY GOT H sarpy3HT1> peracrp GOTR npH nOMOlI\H CneIUlllJlbHoil:
LOT B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT COCTOllHHlI 6HTa TI cenexropa. KONaHAH LOOT (CIIHTllItCKC TpaHcnJITOpa Turbo" Assembler, pelll:HM IDEAL>:
H3BJ1eqeHHbIH H3 Ta6J1HQbl necsparrropos 6a30BbIH anpec cerxeara cxaanasaercs 19dt [QWORO gdt_ptrl
npoueccopov AJIli nonyxeaas 24-pa3pSl,l\Horo <pH3HqeCKoro anpeca (pHC. 6).
Ilepea BbI,l\aqeil: XOMaHJlbl LOOT gdt..ptr Re06x()J\HMo nqWOTOBHTI> 06JIaCTb naMll
CeJleKTOp OOOOh aapecyer caMbIH nepnsra necxparrrop B rJl06aJIbHOH Ta6J1Hl\e nee ee
TH C &ApeCOM gdt..ptr. 3aUHeaB B Hec 41HSHqecKHH anpec mMHIUi GDT H pasxep,
xpanropos GOT. Ilone RPL AJIli aroro AeCKpHTITOpa paBHO 0, none TI TaK)I(e paBHO
y!tieRl>meRHblH aa I (Ope,tle.II):
O. CeJleKTOp 0OO8h YKa3bIBaeT na BTOPOH 3J1eMeHT ia6J1Hl\b1 GOT, a CeJleKTOp 0014h
YKa3b1BaeT na TpeTHH necxpanrop B JlOKaJIbHOH Ta6J1Hl\e necxparrropos LOT, T. K. gdt_ptr dw GOT_LIMIT npe~en TaOnH~ GOT
base 10 dw ? MnaAWee cnOBO Oa30Boro aApeca GOT
none TI B HeM paBHO l. base::::hi dw ? CTapwee cnOBO Oa30Boro a~peca GOT
"AHAIIOr-IIHt1JH"
16 3S/J4H/J4iiHHblHPS}/(HM npoueccopo« Intsl 80286/80388/80486. Oc06SHHOCTH SS/J4H/J4BHHOro PS}/(HMS npoueccope /80286 17.\
HecMOTPSI lUI TO qTO pasxep peracrpa GOTR COCTaBJISIeT 5 6aih, B xasecrse one Ip IDPL 1'1'.lc IRI" I I1oI1GAO"""'. e..c........ "OAtI
76043., 0
panna AJIII KOMaHAbl LGOT HCnOJlb3yeTCSI anpec 06.riaCTH naMSITH pa3MepOM 6 6aiT.
I I l I I IwI" I
3Aecb HeT omH6KH, nponeccop i80286 HCnOJIb3yer TOJlbKO 5 6aiT H3 :noH 06J1aCTH, p DPL ' 0 D 11011. A""""'. c.r"....... AI'-'"
T. K.. <PH3HqecKHH anpec cOAepltHT 24 paapsaa. Ilpotreccopu i80386 H 1.80486 B 32 76543.10
I I 1 I I
pa3pllAHoM pellCHMe HcnOJlb3YlOT Bee 600mB, aarpyaas B 6-6aiiTHblH perscrp p DPL 0 "TYPE 11011 .. AO"""''' ","CT_OCO C."....."'A
GOTR 32-6HTOBbIH 4>H3HqecKHH anpec T86J1HII,bI GOT H ee 16-6HTOBblH npeaea, 76543.10
CHaqBJIa Mbi n03H8KOMHM BaC co crpyK1ypoH Ta6JIHIJ,bI GOT (H COOTBeTCTBeHHO C PU£. 9. tPopMambl IIl1IlJI Oocmyna &clCpunmopa
HAeHTHqHOH eH CTJlYKTYPOH T86J1HI1,bI LOT)" a 3areM aa npHMepe 4>parMeHTa npor
Ilone .r:lOCTYna, 3aHHMaIOIII,ee B AecKpHnTOpe OAHH 6aitT (6aHT AOCTyna) , CJlYlI:HT
paMMbI nOKall:eM, KaK C03AaTb T8MHIJ,y GOT H 3arpY3HTb peracrp GOTR..
AJISI KJlaccH4>HI:8IJ.HH AecKpHnTOpOB (pHc.9). •
KaK MY YllCe roBOpHJIH, TaMUII,bI GOT H LOT npf,llCTaBJISIIOT co60H MaCCHBY Aec
Ilone ll9crYna AecKpHDTOpa CerMeHTOB KOAa COAepllCHT 6HTOBDe nOJIe R, Ha3blB8e
KpHnTOpOB - onacarenea CerMeHTOB (pHC. 8). Kpoae AecKpHnTOpoB, ODHCblBalO1I{HX
Moe 6HT9M paspemenas qreHHSI cerxeara. Ec.nH 3TOT 6HTYCTaHOBJleH B 1, nporpasosa
cerMeHTbl naMSlTH, Ta6J1HI1,8 GOT MOllCeT coaepxars cneuaansaae THnbl AeCKpHDTO
MOllCeT CqJm,tBaTb cOAepll:Ht.fOe ceraesra KOAa. B· npOTHBHoM cnysae 'npoueccop MO
pOB - BeHTHJIH Bbl30Ba (call gate), .3aJ\8q (task gate) H JIOBymeK (trap gate).
BeHTHJIH OnpeAeJlSIIOT TOqKH BXOM B COOTBeTCTBylOJIlHe npoueAYpbl. BeHTHJlb 1Ib1 lI:er TOJlbKa. BblDOJ!HKTb 3TOT KOA·
Ilporpasesa H.e MOSeT MOAH4>HlJ.HpOSaTb CerMeHT KOM· :no 031U1q8~T HeB03MOllC
30Ba 3lWleT anpec nOAnpOrp8MMbI, Bbl3b1BaeMOH, HanpHMep: no KOM8HAe CALL. IIpJI
HOCTb C03AaHHSI caMOIllOAH4>HIJ.HPYJOUJ;HXCSI nporpasee AJIII 3alll,HIII,!!'H.HOro pellCHM8
Bbl30Be nOADP0rp8MMl>1 xepes BeHTHJIb B Kaqecme onepaaaa MSI CALL Hcn<l.lIb3yeTCJI "
(pacnpocrpaHeHH8S1, HO nopoxaaa npaxraxa cpeAH nporp8MMHCTOB, C03AalOIUHX npo
cenexrop, BAPecylOIII,HH COOTBeTCTBYIOJIlHH AecKpHUTOp B T;lMHue GOT HJIU LOT.
I I I rp8MMb1 AJISI MS-DOS). Brrposea, ecrs 06xoAHoH nyrs. AnSI cerxesra KOAa MOllCHO
Pi 8e8le..p.,.. ~I...,. 6a_24. ,(u~.n ~_ ec it~'81m-" C03A8Tb e~ o~, 8JIHaCHblH AecKpHUTOp, B KOTOpOM 3TOT cerxesr OTMeqeH KaK cer
.. J" )i « )i MeHT ABHHbIX. Ec.nH AJI; sroro ceraeara 6YAeT paspemeaa sanacs, HHqTO, KpOMe
PU£. 8. l{eclCpunmop CeZMeHma a..s. npoueccopa ;&0286 3ApaBOro CMbICJIa, He nOMeW8eT BaM MOilH4>HIJ.HPOBaTb KOA nporpaMMbl BO BpeMSI ee
BbinOJIReJDUI. BHT C Ha3b1BaeTCSI 6HTOM nOAqHHeHHSI, OH 6YAeT paCCMOTPeH B CJIeAY
)l.nHB8 aecxparrropa COCTaBJIlIeT 8 6aitT. OH COCTOHT H3 CJIeAYIOIII,HX nOJleH:
IOIII,eM P83AeJle.
• 6asooozo aiJpeca AJIHHOH 24 6HTa, cOAepllCHT cPH3HqecKHH anpec cersresra, BHTbi P H A npeAHa3H8qeHbI AJISI OpraHH3aUHH BHPTYlIJlbHOil: naMSITH. Hx aasaaxe
• ODHClIlBaeMoro MHHblM AecKpHUTOpOM; HHe6YAer onHC8HO IS pasnene, nocBSlIII,eHHOM BHPTY8JlbHOH naMSITH. CeAqac OTMeTHM,
• npeiJeAa COAepllCHT paaxep cerxeara B ooitTax, YMeHbmeHHblHHa f,lIHHHIJ,y; lITO 61tT P.Ha3b1BaeTCSI 6HTOM npHcyTCTBHII cerxeara B naMSITH. )l;nSl rex cerMeHTOB,
• iJocmylUl ODHCblBaeT THD cerxeara (censesrr KOM, cerxesr AaHHblX H AP.)~ xoropae HaXOASlTCSI B 4>HSHtrecKOil: nllMlITH (Mbi 6YAeM HMeTb AeJlO B OOHOBHOM C ra
sapesepeupoeannoe nolle AJIHHOH 16 6HT AJISI nponeccopa i80286, AOJlll:HO co KHMH cenceJmlMH), :nOT 6HT AOJIlI:eH 6bITb ycraHOBJIeH B 1. JlI068S1 nonsrrxa npor
Aepll:aTb HYJlH, OHO HcnOJlb3YeTCSI rrponeccopaxa i80386 H i80486 (TaM, B xac paMMbI 06P8THTbCll K c;erMeHTy IIllMSlTH, B .r:l~CKpHDTOpe KOTOPOro 6UT P ycraHOBJIeH B
THOCTH, xpaHHTCSI crapnndi 6aih 32-pa3pSlAHoro 003OBOro aapeca cerxeera).
0, npHBeAh KnpepblBaHHIO.
B 'peaJIbHOM pellCHMe Haq8JIO CerMeHT8 B nllMSITH onpenensercs cerMeHTHbIM ll,lij)e BRT A Hll3b1B8eTCSI 6HTOM 06pauxeHHSI K cerxeary H AJISI scex HamHX 'nporPaMM AO-
COM, A/IlIBa cersseara COCTaWeT 64 K6aitTB. B 3aJIlHIII,eHHOMpell:HMe MOllCHO 3aM JIlI:eH 6bITbYCTBHOBJIeHB O.
Ban. cerMeHTbl MeHbmero pasxepa (nponeccopa i80386 H i80486 AonyCKaIOT Taqte TIMe AOCTYIJa AecKpHIITopa cersseara AaHHbIX HMeeT 6HTOBbie nons, WHO. Ilone
cyIIl,ecTBOBaHHe cerMeHTOB C paaxepox, 3HaqHTe./lbHO npeBblW8IOIII,HM 64 K6aiTa). W HS3b1BileTCll 6RTOM paspemeaaa sanaca B eersresr-,Ec.nH sror 6HT yCTBHOBJIeH B 1,
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