Integrative physiology in the proteomics and post-genomics age

281 Pages·2005·5.26 MB·English

by  Wolfgang Walz

Integrative
Physiology in the
Proteomics and
Post-Genomics Age
Edited by
Wolfgang Walz
I P
NTEGRATIVE HYSIOLOGY
P
IN THE ROTEOMICS
P -G A
AND OST ENOMICS GE

I P
NTEGRATIVE HYSIOLOGY
P
IN THE ROTEOMICS
P -G A
AND OST ENOMICS GE
Edited by
WOLFGANG WALZ, PhD
Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan,
Saskatoon, Canada
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Cover illustration (background ) from Fig. 4, Chapter 12, “The Zebrafish As an Integrative Physiology Model,” by
Alicia E. Novak and Angeles B. Ribera; (foreground) from Fig. 1, Chapter 11, “Repair and Defense Systems at the
Epithelial Surface in the Lung” by Pieter S. Hiemstra.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Integrative physiology in the proteomics and post-genomics age / edited by
Wolfgang Walz.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-58829-315-7 (alk. paper)
1. Physiology, Experimental. 2. Genomics. 3. Proteomics. 4. Molecular
biology. I. Walz, Wolfgang.
QP43.I585 2005
571'.072--dc22
2004020035
P
REFACE
There is a perception in the scientific community that the discipline of Physiology
is in crisis, or at least, in a phase of profound transition and change. At the root of
the problem is confusion between objectives (the biological questions to be solved)
and the methods and technologies to be applied. Traditionally, ever since Claude
Bernard’s concept of the “milieu interieur,” Physiology was an integrative science
with the prime concern of studying regulatory mechanisms leading to adaptation
and homeostasis in the presence of challenges from a dynamic internal and external
environment. This study of control mechanisms can be applied on any level of func-
tion whether subcellular, cellular, and organ, but reaches its highest level of
complexity with the functioning of the body as a whole and its interaction with the
external environment. This involves the determination of the interaction of genetic with
environmental factors and the resulting integrated body adaptation.
It might seem obvious that in the pursuit of these questions any appropriate
combination of techniques on any organizational level could be used. Yet the
advent of molecular techniques has resulted in a preoccupation with the problems
and challenges inherent in these techniques, sometimes at the expense of the
original perspectives and concepts. The many new mechanisms that have been
discovered at the molecular level, as well as their economical exploitation, have
contributed to a climate of reductionism. However, despite the undeniable and
spectacular successes of molecular biology, the lack of, and need for, an integrative
perspective has become evident. This is particularly true in many clinical cases of gene
and drug therapies that failed despite promising results from defined animal models.
Integrative Physiology in the Proteomics and Post-Genomics Age represents an
attempt to highlight the major questions and accomplishments of modern physiological
research. It re-addresses the fundamental questions of the classical concept, incorporating
information gained from new molecular, genetic, and cellular technologies.
Wolfgang Walz
v

C
ONTENTS
Preface..................................................................................................................................................v
Contributors.......................................................................................................................................ix
1 From Functional Linkage to Integrative Physiology........................................................1
Wolfgang Walz
2 Functional Genomics..............................................................................................................7
David L. Mattson
3 Electrolytes and Acid–Base Physiology............................................................................27
Meghan M. Taylor
4 Circulation and Fluid Volume Control.............................................................................43
Bruce N. Van Vliet and Jean-Pierre Montani
5 Neuroendocrine Networks..................................................................................................67
John A. Russell and Gareth Leng
6 Physiology and Behavior: Energy Balance.........................................................................95
Michel Cabanac
7 Neural Circuits and Behavior...........................................................................................121
Theodore H. Bullock
8 Physiological Determinants of Consciousness..............................................................129
Mircea Steriade
9 Physical Activity .................................................................................................................149
Frank W. Booth and P. Darrell Neufer
10 Biochemical Adaptation to Extreme Environments.....................................................169
Kenneth B. Storey and Janet M. Storey
11 Repair and Defense Systems at the Epithelial Surface in the Lung ..........................201
Pieter S. Hiemstra
12 The Zebrafish As an Integrative Physiology Model.....................................................215
Alicia E. Novak and Angeles B. Ribera
13 Curriculum Design for Integrative Physiology.............................................................239
Dee U. Silverthorn and Penelope A. Hansen
Index.................................................................................................................................................259
vii

C
ONTRIBUTORS
FRANK W. BOOTH • Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri,
Columbia, MO
THEODORE H. BULLOCK • Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San
Diego, La Jolla, CA
MICHEL CABANAC • Departement de Physiologie, Universite de Laval, Quebec, Canada
PENELOPE A. HANSEN • Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland,
St. John’s NL, Canada
PIETER S. HIEMSTRA • Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center,
Leiden, Netherlands
GARETH LENG • School of Biomedical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
DAVID L. MATTSON • Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin,
Milwaukee, WI
JEAN-PIERRE MONTANI • Institute of Physiology, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
P. DARRELL NEUFER • Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale
University, New Haven, CT
ALICIA E. NOVAK • Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado
Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO
ANGELES B. RIBERA • Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado
Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO
JOHN A. RUSSELL • School of Biomedical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
DEE U. SILVERTHORN • Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX
MIRCEA STERIADE • Departement de Physiologie, Universite de Laval, Quebec, Canada
KENNETH B. STOREY • Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
JANET M. STOREY • Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa Canada
MEGHAN M. TAYLOR • Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint
Louis University, St. Louis, MO
BRUCE N. VAN VLIET • Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Memorial University
of Newfoundland, St. John’s NL, Canada
WOLFGANG WALZ • Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon,
Canada
ix