Table Of ContentFM-Moodley.qxd 3/17/2005 12:09 PM Page i
FM-Moodley.qxd 3/17/2005 12:09 PM Page ii
MULTICULTURAL ASPECTS OF COUNSELING
AND PSYCHOTHERAPY SERIES
SERIES EDITOR
Paul B. Pedersen, Ph.D.,
Professor Emeritus, Syracuse University
Visiting Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii
EDITORIAL BOARD
Patricia M. Arredondo, Ed.D. Allen E. Ivey, Ed.D. Derald Wing Sue, Ph.D.
Arizona State University Professor Emeritus Columbia University
J. Manuel Casas, Ph.D. University of Massachusetts Teachers College
University of California, at Amherst Norman D. Sundberg, Ph.D.
Santa Barbara Teresa LaFromboise, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus
Harold E. Cheatham, Ph.D. Stanford University University of Oregon
Professor Emeritus Jun-Chih Gisela Lin, Ph.D. Junko Tanaka Matsumi, Ph.D.
Penn State University ABPP, Texas A&M Kwansei Gakuin University
William E. Cross, Jr., Ph.D. University Nishinomiya City, Japan
City University of New York Rebecca Toporek
Don C. Locke, Ed.D.
Candice Marie Fleming, Ph.D. University of North Carolina San Francisco State University
University of Colorado at Asheville Joseph E. Trimble, Ph.D.
Mary Fukuyama, Ph.D. Amado M. Padilla, Ph.D. Western Washington University
University of Florida Stanford University Melba J. T. Vasquez, Ph.D.
L. Sunny Hansen, Ph.D. Freddy A. Paniagua, Ph.D. Independent Practice
Professor Emeritus University of Texas Austin, Texas
University of Minnesota Medical Branch Clemmont E. Vontress, Ph.D.
Ishu Ishiyama, Ph.D. Joseph G. Ponterotto, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus
University of British Columbia Fordham University George Washington University
VOLUMES IN THIS SERIES
1. Increasing Multicultural Understanding (2nd edition): A Comprehensive Model by Don C. Locke
2. Preventing Prejudice: A Guide for Counselors and Educators by Joseph G. Ponterotto and Paul B. Pedersen
3. Improving Intercultural Interactions: Modules for Cross-Cultural Training Programs edited by Richard W. Brislin
and Tomoko Yoshida
4. Assessing and Treating Culturally Diverse Clients (3rd edition): A Practical Guide by Freddy A. Paniagua
5. Overcoming Unintentional Racism in Counseling and Therapy: A Practitioner’s Guide to Intentional Intervention
(2nd edition) by Charles R. Ridley
6. Multicultural Counseling With Teenage Fathers: A Practical Guide by Mark S. Kiselica
7. Multicultural Counseling Competencies: Assessment, Education and Training, and Supervision edited by Donald
B. Pope-Davis and Hardin L. K. Coleman
8. Improving Intercultural Interactions: Modules for Cross-Cultural Training Programs, Volume 2 edited by Kenneth
Cushner and Richard W. Brislin
9. Understanding Cultural Identity in Intervention and Assessment by Richard H. Dana
10. Psychological Testing of American Minorities (2nd edition) by Ronald J. Samuda
11. Multicultural Counseling Competencies: Individual and Organizational Development by Derald Wing Sue et al.
12. Counseling Multiracial Families by Bea Wehrly, Kelley R. Kenney, and Mark E. Kenney
13. Integrating Spirituality Into Multicultural Counseling by Mary A. Fukuyama and Todd D. Sevig
14. Counseling With Native American Indians and Alaska Natives: Strategies for Helping Professionals by
Roger D. Herring
15. Diagnosis in a Multicultural Context: A Casebook for Mental Health Professionals by Freddy A. Paniagua
16. Psychotherapy and Counseling With Asian American Clients: A Practical Guide by George K. Hong and MaryAnna
Domokos-Cheng Ham
17. Counseling Latinos and La Familia: A Guide for Practitioners by Azara L. Santiago-Rivera, Patricia Arredondo, and
Maritza Gallardo-Cooper
18. Counseling Persons of African Descent: Raising the Bar of Practitioner Competence edited by Thomas A. Parham
19. Ethics in a Multicultural Context by Sherlon P. Pack-Brown and Carmen Braun Williams
20. Deconstructing Heterosexism in the Counseling Professions: A Narrative Approach edited by James M. Croteau,
Julianne S. Lark, Melissa A. Lidderdale, and Y. Barry Chung
21. Culture and Disability: Providing Culturally Competent Services edited by John H. Stone
22. Integrating Traditional Healing Practices Into Counseling and Psychotherapy edited by Roy Moodley and William West
FM-Moodley.qxd 3/17/2005 12:09 PM Page iii
FM-Moodley.qxd 3/17/2005 12:09 PM Page iv
Copyright © 2005 by Sage Publications, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
For information:
Sage Publications, Inc.
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, California 91320
E-mail: [email protected]
Sage Publications Ltd.
1 Oliver’s Yard
55 City Road
London EC1Y 1SP
United Kingdom
Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd.
B-42, Panchsheel Enclave
Post Box 4109
New Delhi 110 017 India
Printed in the United States of America.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Integrating traditional healing practices into counseling and psychotherapy / editors Roy Moodley,
William West.
p. cm. — (Multicultural aspects of counseling and psychotherapy; v. 22)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7619-3046-9 (hardcover) — ISBN 0-7619-3047-7 (pbk.)
1. Spiritual healing. 2. Counseling—Religious aspects. 3. Psychotherapy—Religious aspects.
I. Moodley, Roy. II. West, William, 1950- III. Series.
BL65.M45I58 2005
615.8′52—dc22 2004028861
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
05 06 07 08 09 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Acquisitions Editor: Arthur T. Pomponio
Editorial Assistant: Veronica Novak
Production Editor: Tracy Alpern
Copy Editor: Rachel Hile Bassett
Typesetter: C&M Digitals (P) Ltd.
Indexer: Gloria Tierney
Cover Designer: Edgar Abarca
FM-Moodley.qxd 3/17/2005 12:09 PM Page v
Contents
Dedication viii
Foreword ix
Thomas J. Csordas
Series Editor’s Foreword xi
Paul Pedersen
Acknowledgments xiii
Introduction xv
Part I: Indigenous Performances,
Cultural Worldviews, and Supernatural Healing 1
1. Shamanic Performances:
Healing Through Magic and the Supernatural 2
Roy Moodley
2. Aboriginal Worldview of Healing:
Inclusion, Blending, and Bridging 15
Anne Poonwassie and Ann Charter
3. The Djinns:A Sophisticated
Conceptualization of Pathologies and Therapies 26
Tobie Nathan
4. Crossing the Line Between
Talking Therapies and Spiritual Healing 38
William West
Part II: Healing and Curing: Traditional Healers and Healing 51
5. Indigenous Healers and Healing in a Modern World 52
Anne Solomon and Njoki Nathani Wane
FM-Moodley.qxd 3/17/2005 12:09 PM Page vi
6. Traditional Healing Practices in Southern Africa:
Ancestral Spirits, Ritual Ceremonies, and Holistic Healing 61
Olaniyi Bojuwoye
7. Caribbean Healers and Healing:
Awakening Spiritual and Cultural Healing Powers 73
Ronald Marshall
8. Latin American Healers and
Healing: Healing as a Redefinition Process 85
Lilián González Chévez
9. Traditional and Cultural Healing Among the Chinese 100
Joseph K. So
10. South Asian (Indian) Traditional
Healing: Ayurvedic, Shamanic, and Sahaja Therapy 112
Manoj Kumar, Dinesh Bhugra, and Jagmohan Singh
Part III: Spirituality, Religion, and Cultural Healing 123
11. Animism: Foundation of
Traditional Healing in Sub-Saharan Africa 124
Clemmont E. Vontress
12. Hindu Spirituality and Healing Practices 138
Pittu Laungani
13. Inner Healing Prayer in “Spirit-Filled” Christianity 148
Fernando L. Garzon
14. Islam, Divinity, and Spiritual Healing 159
Qulsoom Inayat
15. Jewish Healing, Spirituality, and Modern Psychology 170
Laura J. Praglin
16. Buddhist Moments in Psychotherapy 182
Roshni Daya
Part IV: Traditional Healing
and Its Contemporary Formulations 195
17. The Sweat Lodge as Psychotherapy:
Congruence Between Traditional and Modern Healing 196
David Paul Smith
FM-Moodley.qxd 3/17/2005 12:09 PM Page vii
18. Maat: An African-Centered
Paradigm for Psychological and Spiritual Healing 210
Mekada Graham
19. Morita Therapy: A Philosophy of Yin/Yang Coexistence 221
Charles P. Chen
20. Pagan Approaches to Healing 233
Estelle Seymour
21. Yoga and Its Practice in Psychological Healing 246
Josna Pankhania
22. Holistic Healing, Paradigm Shift, and the New Age 257
Patricia A. Poulin and William West
Part V: Finding the Link Between Traditional Healing and Therapy 269
23. Spiritual and Healing Approaches in Psychotherapeutic Practice 270
Robert N. Sollod
24. Psychotherapy as Ritual:
Connecting the Concrete With the Symbolic 282
Michael Anderson
25. The Healing Path: What Can Counselors
Learn From Aboriginal People About How to Heal? 293
Rod McCormick
26. Herbalistas, Curandeiros, and Bruxas:Valuable
Lessons From Traditional Systems of Healing 305
Birdie J. Bezanson, Gary Foster, and Susan James
27. Sharing Healing Secrets: Counselors and
Traditional Healers in Conversation 316
Rebecca Gawile Sima and William West
Index 326
About the Editors 344
About the Contributors 345
FM-Moodley.qxd 3/17/2005 12:09 PM Page viii
For Elizabeth and Shadrach Moodley
—RM
For Simeon
—WW
FM-Moodley.qxd 3/17/2005 12:09 PM Page ix
Foreword
O
nly since the middle of the last century have anthropologists and
transcultural psychiatrists begun to take traditional, folk, religious, and
indigenous healing practices seriously. Prior to that period, scholars of sound
mind were more likely to regard these practices as superstitious hocus-pocus
than as forms of healing, and more likely to regard practitioners as pathologi
cally afflicted than as important contributors to their communities. Eventually
scholars began to interpret religious healing by analogy with psychotherapy.
A profound and definitive turning point was reached with the publication of
Jerome Frank’s Persuasion and Healing, which over three editions (1961, 1973,
1991) transformed the contemporary understanding of the relation between
culture and psychotherapy and prompted us to develop an expanded under
standing of psychotherapy as a human endeavor not limited to Euro-American
societies. Frank directed our attention to the task of developing the psy
chotherapy analogy into a truly comparative theory of psychotherapy by for
mulating its least common denominator in the manner in which interpersonal
stress is central to affliction; in the importance of the assumptive world that
underlies therapeutic practices; in the way all forms of healing address an
underlying state of demoralization; in the relevance of myth and ritual across
all forms of psychotherapy; and in the manner in which all these forms of
healing have to do with rhetoric, hermeneutics, and the transformation of
meaning.
Frank regretted not having updated his chapters on religious healing for the
third edition of his book, but his intellectual legacy is the condition of possibility
for the new cross-cultural psychiatry developed by Arthur Kleinman and others,
as well as for the entire movement of multicultural counseling and psychother
apy represented in this volume. The present work is a landmark effort by those
involved with cultural issues in counseling and psychotherapy to move beyond
sterile notions of multiculturalism and cultural competency, which—despite
the best of intentions—often reduce culture to a series of formulae and seek
competence in the form of a recipe. In the first place, it is an attempt to get the
ix
