Integrating the Rio Conventions into Development Co-operation [electronic resource]

104 Pages·2002·4.6 MB·English

by  Publishing, OECD

The DAC Guidelines
Integrating the
Rio Conventions
into Development
Co-operation
Copyrightedr
The DAC Guidelines
Integrating Rio Conventions
into Development Co-operation
OECD
ORGANISATIONFORECONOMICCO-OPERATIONANDDEVELOPMENT
ORGANISATIONFORECONOMICCO-OPERATIONANDDEVELOPMENT
forcePuornsu3a0nthttSoeAprtteicmlbee1rof19t6h1e,CtohneveOrngtainoinsastiigonnedfoirnEPcaorinsoomnic14Ctoh-oDpeecreamtiboenra1n9d60,Deavnedlwohpimcehncta(mOeEiCnDtIo
shallpromotepoliciesdesigned:
-toachievethehighestsustainableeconomicgrowthandemploymentandarisingstandardof
livinginMembercountries,whilemaintainingfinancialstability,andthustocontributetothe
developmentoftheworldeconomy;
-tocontributetosoundeconomicexpansioninMemberaswellasnon-membercountriesinthe
processofeconomicdevelopment;and
-tocontributetotheexpansionofworldtradeonamultilateral,non-discriminatorybasisin
accordancewithinternationalobligations.
TheoriginalMembercountriesoftheOECDareAustria,Belgium,Canada,Denmark,France,
Germany,Greece,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,theNetherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,
Sweden,Switzerland,Turkey,theUnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStates.Thefollowingcountriesbecame
MFienmlbanedrs(2s8utbhseJqauneunatryly1t9h6r9)o,ughAusatcrcaelsisaio(n7tahttJhuenedat1e97s1)i,ndiNceawtedZehaelreaanfdter(:29]tahpaMna(y28t1h97A3p1r,ilMe19x6i4c)o,
(18thMay1994), the Czech Republic (21stDecember 1995), Hungary (7th May 1996), Poland
(22ndNovember1996),Korea(12thDecember1996)andtheSlovakRepublic(14thDecember2000).The
CommissionoftheEuropeanCommunitiestakespartintheworkoftheOECD(Article13oftheOECD
Convention).
InordertoachieveitsaimstheOECDhassetupanumberofspecialisedcommittees.OneoftheseistheDevelopment
AssistanceCommittee,whoseMembershaveagreedtosecureanexpansionofaggregatevolumeofresourcesmadeavailable
todevelopingcountriesandtoimprovetheireffectiveness.Tothisend,Membersperiodicallyreviewtogetherboththeamount
andthenatureoftheircontributionstoaidprogrammes,bilateralandmultilateral,andconsulteachotheronallotherrelevant
aspectsoftheirdevelopmentassistancepolicies.
TheMembersoftheDevelopmentAssistanceCommitteeareAustralia,Austria,Belgium,Canada,Denmark,Finland,
France,Germany,Greece,Ireland,Italy,lapan,Luxembourg,theNetherlands,NewZealand,Norway,Portugal,Spain,
Sweden,Switzerland,theUnitedKingdom,theUnitedStatesandtheCommissionoftheEuropeanCommunities.
Publieenfranqaissousletitre:
INTEGRERLESCONVENTIONSDLeEsRlIiOgnDesANdiSreLctAriCcOeOsPdEuRCAATDIONPOURLEDEVELOPPEMENT
©OECD2002
Permissiontoreproduceaportionofthisworkfornon-commercialpurposesorclassroomuseshouldbeobtained
throughtheCentrefranqaisd’exploitationdudroitdecopie(CFC),20,ruedesGrands-Augustins,75006Paris,France,
tsaDelhallo.novu(rel3rd3p-sa1,br)teM4ooA4fb0tt07h1ai9i4s2n7b3e7od0Uo,StkAfha,rsxoho(uor3gu3Chl-C1dt)Chb4eOe6nCl3moi4pany6edr:7eiwg1tw9h,owt.fOcCooErlpeyeCravDiregarhPnytu.cbccelooimuC.cneatnAtlrtileyorone,tsxh,cCeeu2r,psattrpuotpemhleieAcrnUadntSriieetro-vnePisdacfseSo,ctraa(tpl5ee,s0r.87m)5i7I7sn57s0t5i-ho8ePn4a0Urt0nio,sirt2Cee2epd2drSoeRtdxoautsc1ee6es,wopoFrerortadmrnaicDnsers.silivaoetn,e
Foreword
Theixspeprutbsliicnatdioonnoirsporrigmanairsialtyioinnst.enIdtedaifmosrdteociclsairoinf-ymtahkeerlsinaknadgedsevbeeltowpemeenntthpeolRiicoy
Conventionsandsustainabledevelopment,andprovideinsightsastohowdevel-
opmentco-operationagenciescanhelpdevelopingcountriesrespondtoglobalenvi-
ronmentalthreats.Theobjectiveistoidentifydevelopmentco-operationapproaches
whichcanaddressdevelopmentandpovertyreductionconcernsinthecontextof
globalenvironmentalissues.Climatechange,biodiversitylossanddesertification,to
namebutafew,aremajorfactorswhichthreatendevelopingcountries’development
prospects.Thedocumentshouldalsobeofbenefittopolicymakersanddevelopment
plannersindevelopingpartnercountriesbyhelpingthemtoidentifyappropriateadap-
tationandprotectionstrategiesandtointegratethemintotheirdevelopmentagendas.
Thepublicationcontainsfourcomponents:
ThePolicyStatement,whichhighlightsprioritiesforactions,wasendorsed
attheOECDDevelopmentAssistanceCommittee’sHighLevelMeetingon
16May2002.
TheExecutiveSummaryisintendedprimarilyfordecision-makersand
seniormanagement.Itdescribeskeypolicymessagesandpriorityactionsfor
developmentco-operation.
TheMaintextisintendedforpolicymakersandstaffofdevelopmentco-
operationorganisationsandcounterpartsinpartnercountries.Itprovidesan
analysisofthelinkagesbetweenenvironment,povertyanddevelopment,and
ajustificationforhelpingtointegratetheglobalenvironmentalchallengesinto
thedevelopmentagendaofpartnercountries.Thelastsectionprovidesrecom-
mendationsfordonors.
TheAnnexesinclude“ConventionsTip-Sheets"whichsummarisethekey
issues,conceptsandtermsrelevanttoeachoftheRioConventions,andan
overviewofthelinksbetweentheglobalenvironmentalissuesanddevelopment.
A“Busyreader’sguide”isprovidedonpage20.
©OECD-2002
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4 INTEGRATINGRIOCONVENTIONSINTODEVELOPMENTCO-OPERATION
Acknowledgements
ThisdocumentistheresultofworkundertakenbytheOECDDACWorkingParty
onDevelopmentCooperationandEnvironment(WP/ENV).MembersoftheWorking
PartyareAustralia,Austria,Belgium,Canada,Denmark,theEuropeanCommission,
Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Ireland,Italy,Japan,Luxembourg,Netherlands,
NewZealand,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,theUnited
KingdomandtheUnitedStates.TheInternationalMonetaryFund,theWorldBankand
theUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramparticipateaspermanentobservers.The
ClubDuSahel,DevelopmentCenter,InternationalInstituteforEnvironmentand
Development,InternationalInstituteforSustainableDevelopment,UnitedNations
EnvironmentProgram,WorldConservationUnionandWorldResourcesInstitute
participateregularlyintheworkoftheWorkingParty.
TheGuidancewaspreparedbyan“ExpertGroupontheRioConventions”,ledby
theNetherlands(M.PeterdeKoning,ofDML)andGermany(Mr.JosefGamperlof
GKefoWr)g.MCsa.spCahrryisotifnethEeliOasE,CofDthSeecWroertalrdiaRte,sporuorvciedseIdnsstuitbusttea,natsivweel[lanasdRaedmmiyniPsatrriastiavned]
supporttotheExpertgroup,whileMariaConsolatiprovidedinvaluablesecretarial
assistance.Ms.IngridHovenofGermany,asChairoftheWP/ENV,providedguidance
andadvicethroughouttheexercise.
©OECD-2002
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3
TABLEOFCONTENTS
TableofContents
FOREWORD 3 2.3.1.Humanactivitiesputpressures
onecosystems 27
MPEOELTIICNYGS,TA1T6EMMAENYT2B0Y02THEDACHIGHLEVEL9 2.3.2.Uennvdierrolnymienngtadrlivperrosbolfemgslobal 28
2.4.Climatechange,biodiversityloss.
EXECUTIVESUMMARY 13 desertification:impactson
I.WhyintegratetheRioConventions sustainabledevelopment 29
intodevelopmentpolicy? 1 2.4.1.Climatechangewillthreatenhuman
II.Theglobalenvironmentandthe livelihoodsinvariousways 29
developmentagenda:understanding 2.4.2.Lossofbiodiversitythreatensecosystems'
thelinkages 14 servicesimportantforsmall-andlarge-
III.TheRioConventions:internationalresponses scaleagriculturalproduction 29
toglobalenvironmentissues 15 2.5.Interactionbetweenglobal
IV.Entrypointsandinstruments(orintegration 17 environmentalthreats _32
V.Wenivni-rwoinnmednetavleliosspumeesn:tagsrtircautlteugriee,ssaunsdtaignlaobblael 2.6.Ahdadrrdeschsoiincgesglaonbadlweinnv-iwroinnmeonpttailonpsroblems: 33
forestmanagementandenergysectors 18 2.6.1.Shorttermversuslong-termpriorities 33
VI.Integratingglobalissuesintodevelopment 2.6.2.Win-winapproaches 34
policiesanddevelopmentco-operation: 2.6.3.Dealingwithhardchoices 34
priorityareasforaction 19
3.THERIOCONVENTIONS:
BUSYREADER'SGUIDE INTERNATIONALRESPONSES
TOTHISDOCUMENT 20 TOGLOBALENVIRONMENTALISSUES 31
3.1.TheRioConventionsandsustainable
1.THEGOALSOFTHEGUIDANCE 21 development 37
1.1.Addressingglobalenvironmentalissues 3.2.TheConventionsprovidespecificresponse
iskeytosustainablepovertyreduction 21 instrumentsandmechanisms 37
1.2.Thegoalsoftheguidance 22 3.2.1.Financialinstruments 38
3.2.2.Benefitsharing,traditionalknowledge 39
2.THEGLOBALENVIRONMENT 3.2.3.Technologytransfer 40
3.2.4.Capacitydevelopment 41
UNDERSTANDINGTHELINKAGES 25 3.3.ComplementaritiesamongtheConventions 42
2.1.Ecosystemsandhumanlivelihoods 25 3.3.1.Complementaritiesthroughscientific
2.2.Globalenvironmentalissues,ecosystems, assessments,reportingand
andsustainabledevelopment 25 policyformulation 42
2.3.Drivingforcesunderlyingglobal 3.3.2.Synergiesthroughinternational
environmentalproblems 27 negotiationprocesses 42
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6 INTEGRATINGRIOCONVENTIONSINTODEVELOPMENTCO-OPERATION
3.3.3.Complementaritiesthroughthe 5.SECTORALDEVELOPMENTSTRATEGIESAND
Conventions’Secretariatsand GLOBALENVIRONMENTALISSUES:
national-levelConventionsfocalpoints 42 SYNERGIESANDHARDCHOICES 59
3.4."Inmtaeignrsattirnegamc"onnvaetnitoinoanliplmapnlneimnegntpartoicoenssiensto 43 5.1.D"ewvienl-owpimne"nto-pgtlioobnaslaenndvihraorndmechnoti:ces 59
3.4.1.The“actionplans”calledforby 5.2.Agriculturaldevelopmentand
theConventions 43 globalenvironmentalissues 60
3.4.2.Integratedcapacitydevelopment 44 5.2.1.Basicapproach:increasingagricultural
3.4.3.Keychallengesofintegration 44 production 60
5.2.2.Policyinstrumentsavailableforsteering
4.INTEGRATINGGLOBALENVIRONMENTAL theagriculturalsector 60
ISSUESINTOTHEDEVELOPMENTAGENDA: 5.2.3.Agriculture-biodiversitylinkages 61
APPROACHES,ENTRYPOINTS 5.2.4.Agriculture-desertificationlinkages 62
ANDINSTRUMENTS 47 5.2.5.Agriculture-climatechangelinkages 62
4.1.Ksteryateengtireysp(oSiDnSts):sustainabledevelopment 47 5.2.6.Wdeisne-rtwiifnicaotpitoinonsagriculture-biodiversity- 63
4.1.1.Saugsetnaeirniacblceondceevpetloapnmdennottsatr“amteogdye:l” 47 5.3.eFnorveisrtondmeevnetlaolpimsesnutesandglobal 66
4.1.2.oSnDSi:ntDegyrnaatimoincprocessesfocussing 47 5.3.1.fBuanscitcioanpsproofacfohr:esrtesconcilingthemultiple 66
4.1.3.Bdueivledlionpgmbelnotcsktsraotfegsiuesstainable 48 5.3.2.Themultiplethreatstoforests 66
4.2.Povertyreductionstrategies 49 5.3.3.Fdoergersatd-abtiioodni:velrisniktayg-ecslimatechange-land 67
4.2.1.t“oActthieoRnipolCanosn”vednetvieolnospedinresponse 50 5.3.4.hDaervdelcohopimceenstandtheglobalenvironment: 61
4.43..31..ApdEhpecypvosrseioylcasoactplhemeamesn-ndbtaaensscdteordlaiotnaegspgitipcrerausolmaweccinohttnehsdsi:fctooirmuonanittsnrctiheeigsr’nagtion553 55..33..65..“dPreWovitenel-cotwpiinmnge”nfptoormlesietccsyhtaahpnrpiorsuomgahc.'htehseclean 6790
44..33..23..pAESopsnlasviteicisraisoleisnpnmlageannntdtnhaeipllniagAmnspsa:ansdceStstlrsaoamnftedednguetisvce(eSlmEoapAnm)aegnetment 5534 5.54..41..EbeEannnsveeiirrcrggoyfynadmcuteessnveteailnlopdimesevsneueltsoapnidngglcoobuanltries: J2ZQQ
4.3.4.Project-levelEnvironmentalImpact 5.4.2.Policyinstrumentsavailablefor
Assessment(EIA) 54 steeringtheenergysector 71
4.3.5.Community-BasedNaturalResource 5.4.3.Energy-globalenvironmentlinkages 73
Management(CBNRM) 55 5.4.4.Energy-globalenvironment:“win-win"
4.3.6.Integratedcapacitydevelopment 56^ optionsandhardchoices 74
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TABLEOFCONTENTS 7
6.INTEGRATINGGLOBALISSUESINTO 6.3.3.Sector-wideapproaches 83
DEVELOPMENTPOLICIESAND 6.3.4.Enhancingdonorco-ordinationmechanisms 84
DEVELOPMENTCO-OPERATION: 6.3.5.Buildingonongoingprojectsand
PRIORITYAREASFORACTION 77 programmes 84
6.1.Actionsattheinternationallevel: 6.3.6.Fosteringpolicyintegrationthrough
enhanceglobalgovernance capacitydevelopment 85
forsustainabledevelopment 77 6.3.7.Integratingattheprojectlevel:building
6.1.1.Promotingcoherentapproachesthrough onexisting“safeguard"procedures 86
theConventionnegotiationprocesses 77
6.1.2.Enhancingcollaborationamong ANNEX1A:SELECTEDIMPACTOFGLOBAL
twhiethCornevleevnatnitonUsN’SaencdreottarhieartAsgaenndcies 78 ENVIRONMENTONSECTORS 81
6.1.3.erHenelvleipvriaonnngtmreiannittseaerlnaaiwtsiasoruneeansleisfnosraofglobal 78 ASENCNTEOXRSIBO:N(MGILRORBOARL)EINMVPIARCOTNOMFENT 88
6.1.4.HMaermmboenriss’inegffotrhtesreportingofDAC 78 ANNEX2:CONVENTIONSTIP-SHEETS 82
6.2.Indevelopmentagencies'headquarters 78 ConventiononBiologicaldiversity(CBD) 89
6.2.1.gMlaokbianlgenavcilreoanrmcenotmamliitsmseunesttointegrating78 oUnniCtleidmaNtaetiCohnasnFgrea(mUeNwFoCrCkC)Convention
6.2.2.Intensifyinglinkswithotherministries UnitedNationsConventiontoCombat
andagenciesinvolvedinglobal Desertification(UNCCD) 94
environmentalandotherrelevantissues 72
6.2.3.Increasingtheunderstandingoflinkages ANNEX3:
withpovertyreduction 79 TECHNOLOGYCO-OPERATION:
6.2.4.Strengtheningagencies’analytical KEYLESSONSFROM
andpolicyformulationcapacities 80 DONORS'EXPERIENCE 97
6.2.5.Integrationinsectoralpolicies 80
6.2.6.Reconsideringsectoralresponsibilities BIBLIOGRAPHY 92
forglobalenvironmentalissues 81
6.2.7.Establishingspecialfundsor“pilotprojects”81 TABLE
6.2.8.Stocktakingofcurrentrelevantactivities 1.Globalenvironmentalissuesandimpacts
acrossinstitutions 8 onnationalsustainabledevelopment 26
6.3.Atthepartnercountrylevel 81
6.3.1.Raisingglobalenvironmentalissues FIGURE
6.3.2.iInntceogurnattirnygpirnotogrcaomunmtirnyg-lpervoeclepslsaensning 82 1.Lainndkgalgoebsalaemnovnigrofnomoedntparlodiuscstuieosn 32
frameworks 82
©OECD-2002
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8 INTEGRATINGRIOCONVENTIONSINTODEVELOPMENTCO-OPERATION
21.Forestsandbiodiversity
BOXES intheclimatechangenegotiations 68
21..GWaldhdoarbteaslasreeecdotbhsyeysettnheevmi“srRoainromeeCtnohtnravelaetniestnsieuodenss”? 2276 2223..WiPnrhodtyeevcietslienongpeitrnhggeycpuoosuoenrtsrfoireoisnm?eftfhieciiemnptacts 71
43..UIhnmunpmaaatcnutrslaiolvfedclilsiaihsmotoaedtrses,cheacnogneomoincimpacts 2380 24.Doinfemteahnenedre-gnyseirsgduyebssmieadcnytoarrgeefmoermnt 7732
5.Tofhebisodoicvieor-seictoynloomsiscimpacts 31 25.RinedCuhciinnagtghrreouegnhhosuusbesigdaysreemdiuscstiioonns 74
6.Iomnpsaocctisoo-fecdoesneormtiicfidcaetvieolnopment 31 26.T(hCeDMC)leanDevelopmentMechanism 74
7.Desertification,biodiversity 27.Illustrativeexamplesofspecialfunds 81
andclimatechange:somelinkages 33 28.Integratingglobalenvironmentalissues
8.Whatdotheconventionssay? 38 ignotoodPpRrSasc:tiecexamplesofemerging 82
9.cIamppalceimteyndteivnegltohpemeRnitonCeoendvsentions: 40 29.Scleacrtiofry-iwngidteheaprporleoaocfh:donors 83
10.CthaepaRciiotyCodnevveenltoipomnesntfor 41 30.Donorco-ordinationinUganda 84
11.Calnidm“amtieticghaatnigoen”“adaptation" 43 31.Ctahtraoluygshincgappaocliitcyydreevveileowpmaenndtreform 86
12.Keyprinciplesunderlyingsustainable 32.Article3 93
developmentstrategies 48
13.Integratingthebiodiversityconservation
strategywithinthePRS:thecaseofBolivia 51
14.Ecologicalconsiderations
inpovertyreductionstrategies 52
15.Keyfeaturesofanecosystem-
basedapproach 52
16.Global-locallinkages:localparticipation56
17.Capacitydevelopmentandcapacitybuilding57
18.Policiesforbiodiversity-friendlyagriculture 62
19.Agriculturalintensification
caninsomecasesfueldeforestation 64
20.Derivingfinancialbenefitsfrombiodiversity:
approachesandinstruments 65
©OECD-2002
POLICYSTATEMENTBYTHEDACHIGHLEVELMEETING,16MAY2002 9
INTEGRATINGTHE"RIOCONVENTIONS"INDEVELOPMENT
CO-OPERATION
PolicyStatementbytheDACHighLevelMeeting,
16May2002
Neoanrlnyataurbailllrieosnouhrocuessehfoolrdtsh,eipralritviecluilhaoroldyst.hBeurturgallobpaolore,nvreilryondmireencttally Aedndvriersosnimnegntgallobal
threatsareunderminingthisresourcebase.Biodiversitylossis issuesiskeyto
proceedingatarapidrateinmanycountries,asisthebuild-upoftoxic sustainablepoverty
chemicals.Desertificationanddroughtareproblemsofglobaldimen- reduction
sions,affectingallregions.Greenhousegasemissionsposeriskstothe
world’sclimateanddevelopingcountriesarelikelytobethemost
vulnerabletotheimpacts.ThreeUNConventions,onClimateChange,
BiologicalDiversityandDesertification-closelyassociatedwiththe
“EarthSummit",heldinRioin1992-addressthesethreats,whichcould
underminecollectiveeffortstoeradicatepovertyandfostersustainable
developmentworldwide.
WerecognisethatOECDcountriesbearaspecialresponsibilityfor
leadershiponsustainabledevelopmentworldwide,historicallyand
becauseoftheweighttheycontinuetohaveintheglobaleconomyand
environment.Wealsorecognisetheneedtohelpdevelopingcountries
addresssustainabledevelopmentissuesaswellastheneedforfurther
workonglobaland“mixed”publicgoods.Theseissuesincludethose
relatedtoacleanatmosphereandthecontrolofinfectiousdiseasessuch
asmalariaandHIV/AIDS.Tacklingthesecomplexchallengeswill
requirebettercoherenceinawiderangeofpolicyareas,suchasenergy,
trade,health,agriculture,investmentanddevelopmentco-operation.
TheseissuesandresponsibilitiesareaddressedintheReportpreparedby
the OECD Secretariat for the World Summit on Sustainable
Development.
ThisStatement,andthedetailedGuidelinesthatunderlieit,spellout
theroleofouragenciesinintegratingglobalenvironmentalchallengesin
developmentco-operation.
Althoughallcountriesareaffected,thepoorestarethemostthreat- Global
enedbecausetheyhavefewerresourcestoaddresstherootcausesof environmental
environmentalthreatsandadapttotheirimpacts,andbecausetheirpopu- threatshurt
lationsarehighlydependentonnaturalresourcesfortheirlivelihoods. thepoormost
Sustainablepovertyreduction,acentralpriorityonthedevelopment
agenda,isthereforecloselylinkedtosoundenvironmentalmanagement
atthelocal,national,regionalandgloballevels.
Weareconcernedaboutthehighvulnerabilityofmanyofthepoorest
countriestodesertificationandbiodiversitylossandtotheimpactsof
©OECD-2002