Table Of ContentMark Nieuwenhuijsen
Haneen Khreis Editors
Integrating Human
Health into Urban
and Transport
Planning
A Framework
Integrating Human Health into Urban and
Transport Planning
Mark Nieuwenhuijsen • Haneen Khreis
Editors
Integrating Human Health
into Urban and Transport
Planning
A Framework
Editors
Mark Nieuwenhuijsen Haneen Khreis
Barcelona Institute for Global Health Texas A&M Transportation Institute, Center
ISGlobal for Advancing Research in Transportation
Barcelona, Spain Emissions, Energy, and Health
College Station, TX, USA
ISBN 978-3-319-74982-2 ISBN 978-3-319-74983-9 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74983-9
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018942501
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Preface
The world is urbanising rapidly and cities are not only centres of innovation and
wealth creation but also hot spots of air pollution and noise, heat islands and lack
green space and physical activity, partly due to poor urban and transport planning.
Recent studies show large impacts from urban and transport planning on health, and
urgent action is needed to reduce these negative health impacts.
The urban environment is a complex interlinked system. Decision-makers need not
only better data on the complexity of factors in environmental and developmental pro-
cesses affecting human health, but also an enhanced understanding of the linkages
between these factors and effects to be able to know at which level to target their
actions most effectively. In recent years, there also has been a shift from trying to
change at the national level to more comprehensive and ambitious actions being devel-
oped and implemented at the regional and local levels. Cities have come to the fore-
front of providing solutions for environmental issues such as climate change, which
has co-benefits on health, but yet need better knowledge for wider health-c entric action.
This volume brings together the world’s leading experts on urban and transport
planning, environmental exposures, physical activity, health and health impact
assessment to discuss challenges and solutions in cities and provide a conceptual
framework and work programme for actions and future research needs. It presents
the current evidence base, benefits and case studies of better integrating health and
the environment into urban development and transport planning, a conceptual
framework describing this, and strategies for future action and research.
Barcelona, Spain Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
College Station, TX, USA Haneen Khreis
v
Contents
Part I Introduction and Key Concepts
1 Urban and Transport Planning, Environment and Health ................. 3
Mark Nieuwenhuijsen and Haneen Khreis
2 Health, Sustainable Development Goals
and the New Urban Agenda ................................................................... 17
Joan Clos and Rosa Surinach
3 Sustainable Cities, Policies and Healthy Cities .................................... 31
Garett Sansom and Kent E. Portney
4 Livable Cities: Concepts and Role in Improving Health ..................... 51
Suzanne H. Crowhurst Lennard
5 Healthy Cities: A Political Movement Which Empowered Local
Governments to Put Health and Equity High on Their Agenda ......... 73
Agis D. Tsouros
6 Human Ecology in the Context of Urbanisation .................................. 89
Roderick J. Lawrence
Part II Planning and Development
7 The Human Habitat: My, Our, and Everyone’s City ........................... 113
Bianca Hermansen, Bettina Werner, Hilde Evensmo,
and Michela Nota
8 Superblocks for the Design of New Cities and Renovation
of Existing Ones: Barcelona’s Case ....................................................... 135
Salvador Rueda
vii
viii Contents
9 Informal Settlements and Human Health ............................................. 155
Jason Corburn and Alice Sverdlik
10 Complex Systems Modeling of Urban Development:
Understanding the Determinants of Health and Growth
Across Scales ............................................................................................ 173
Luís M. A. Bettencourt
11 Implementing Car-Free Cities: Rationale, Requirements,
Barriers and Facilitators ........................................................................ 199
Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, Jeroen Bastiaanssen, Stephanie Sersli,
E. Owen D. Waygood, and Haneen Khreis
12 Planning for Healthy Cities .................................................................... 221
Marcus Grant
Part III Accessibility and Mobility
13 Land Use Policy, Travel Behavior, and Health ..................................... 253
Bert van Wee
14 Complex Urban Systems: Compact Cities, Transport and Health..... 271
Mark Stevenson and Brendan Gleeson
15 Advancing Health Considerations Within a Sustainable
Transportation Agenda: Using Indicators and Decision-Making ...... 287
Josias Zietsman and Tara Ramani
16 Measure Selection for Urban Transport Policy .................................... 307
Anthony D. May
17 (Un)healthy Bodies and the Transport Planning Profession:
The (Im)mobile Social Construction of Reality
and Its Consequences .............................................................................. 325
António Ferreira
Part IV E nvironmental Exposures, Physical Activity and Health
18 Built Environment and Physical Activity .............................................. 347
Billie Giles-Corti, Lucy Gunn, Paula Hooper, Claire Boulange,
Belén Zapata Diomedi, Chris Pettit, and Sarah Foster
19 Urban Form and Road Safety: Public and Active Transport
Enable High Levels of Road Safety ....................................................... 383
Paul Schepers, Gord Lovegrove, and Marco Helbich
20 Green Space and Health ......................................................................... 409
Payam Dadvand and Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
Contents ix
21 Air Pollution in Cities: Urban and Transport Planning
Determinants and Health in Cities ........................................................ 425
Barbara Hoffmann
22 Noise in Cities: Urban and Transport Planning Determinants
and Health in Cities ................................................................................ 443
Peter Lercher
23 Heat Islands/Temperature in Cities: Urban and Transport
Planning Determinants and Health in Cities ........................................ 483
Xavier Basagaña
Part V Society and Participation
24 Aiming at Social Cohesion in Cities to Transform Society .................. 501
Mikael Stigendal
25 Establishing Social Equity in Cities: A Health Perspective ................. 515
Carme Borrell, Mercè Gotsens, and Ana M. Novoa
26 Participating in Health: The Healthy Outcomes of Citizen
Participation in Urban and Transport Planning .................................. 535
Ersilia Verlinghieri
27 On the Front Line of Community-Led Air Quality Monitoring ......... 563
Muki Haklay and Irene Eleta
Part VI Health Impact Assessment and Policies
28 Transport Policy Measures for Climate Change as Drivers
for Health in Cities .................................................................................. 583
Haneen Khreis, Andrew Sudmant, Andy Gouldson,
and Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
29 The Role of Health Impact Assessment for Shaping Policies
and Making Cities Healthier .................................................................. 609
Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, Haneen Khreis, Ersilia Verlinghieri,
Natalie Mueller, and David Rojas-Rueda
30 Health Impact Assessment of Active Transportation .......................... 625
David Rojas-Rueda
31 Barriers and Enablers of Integrating Health Evidence
into Transport and Urban Planning and Decision Making ................. 641
Rosie Riley and Audrey de Nazelle
32 Translating Evidence into Practice ........................................................ 655
Marcus Grant and Adrian Davis
x Contents
33 Using Conceptual Models to Shape Healthy
Sustainable Cities .................................................................................... 683
George Morris, Brigit Staatsen, and Nina van der Vliet
34 Integrating Human Health into the Urban Development
and Transport Planning Agenda: A Summary
and Final Conclusions............................................................................. 707
Mark Nieuwenhuijsen and Haneen Khreis
Index ................................................................................................................. 719
Part I
Introduction and Key Concepts
