Integrated transport and land use planning : the facts, fiction, fallacies and future of the government's integrated transport and land use planning strategies-- plus answers to a good few mysteries

122 Pages·2002·9.62 MB·English

by  Construction Industry Council

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Integrated transport and
land use planning
The facts, fiction, fallacies and future of the
Government’s integrated transport and
land use planning strategies …
plus answers to a good few mysteries
Thomas Telford (Green)
26 April 2002 17:10:54
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PublishedfortheConstructionIndustryCouncilbyThomasTelfordPublishing,ThomasTelfordLtd,
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Firstpublished2002
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ISBN:0727731270
©ConstructionIndustryCouncil2002
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Thomas Telford (Green)
26 April 2002 17:10:54
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Contents
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Executive summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Integrated transport and the 10 Year Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Understanding the issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Mysteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Myths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Land use planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Understanding the issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Mysteries and myths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Miracles and methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
An overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Appendix: Yes Minister – a plot summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Topic index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
iii
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Foreword
OneofthecentralpurposesoftheConstructionIndustryCouncil(CIC)istoalign
theviewsanddiversecontributionsofthewiderangingprofessionalbodiesofthe
industry–architects,builders,engineers,landscapearchitects,planners,project
managers,researchinstitutes,surveyors,transportplannersandmanyothers.In
thisway,theCICcanhelptocreateabetterqualityofbuiltenvironment.
Inthismission,therecanbenomoreimportanttopiccurrentlythanthatwe,the
inhabitantsoftheUK,areableseriouslytodebate,onthebasisofthefactual
evidence,whatmustbedone(andisbeingdone)toimprovetheconnectivityof
ourtransportationnetworksandtheirrelationtolandusepatterns.
Withoutcontinuousimprovementthroughfocusedinvestment,theUK’soutdated
transportationsystemdevoidofproperconnectivitybothbetweenitsindividual
componentsandwiththespatiallandusepatternsitserves,willinhibitregional
andnationalprosperity.Thusthequalityoflifetobeenjoyedbyallinhabitantswill
suffer.
Tomakerealprogressonthisdifficultcomplexissueitisnecessarytotrytoliftthe
debateaboverhetoricandfashion,awayfrompartypolitics,inordertoconcentrate
onthebigpictureandlongertimehorizons.
Accordingly,theCICdecidedtobuildontheinitiativesoftheUrbanRenaissance
TaskGroupofLordRogersandtheUrbanandRuralWhitePapersbysettingupa
widelybasedworkingpanelcomprisedofleadingexpertsinplanningandlanduse,
transportationplanning,architecture,urbandesignandpropertydevelopment,civil
andenvironmentalengineering,andmunicipalandruralaffairs.
Theresultisthiscarefullycompiledreportresearchedonamultidisciplinarybasis.
Theprincipalaimistocontributeclaritytothenational,regionalandlocaldebate
amongpoliticiansandlaypersonsalike.
Thereporthasbeenwrittenasaconversationpiecetopromptwiderdiscussion
anddebate.Whilstfrankandcriticalattimesisitisalsostronglypractical,being
concernedtoencouragefocusedactionandinvestment(ofinevitablylimited
resources)togreatesteffect.
v
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INTEGRATED TRANSPORT AND LAND USE PLANNING
Forthefirsttime,theUKhasa10yearplanfortransportwhichisinitselfvery
significant.However,thisisnotyetlinkedtoa20+yearplanfornationaland
regionalspatialredistributionofeconomicdevelopmentandlanduseplanning,yet
thetwoarecomplementary,andgreaterintegration/co-ordinationbetweenthem
wouldbringlong-termbenefitsbycontributingtoachangeofattitudetowards
travelandthroughmoreeffectiveandprudentinvestmentofthenation’slimited
resources.Meanwhile,thereisadangerthatwethepublicarebeingencouraged
toexpecttoomuchfromcurrentstrategies.
OnbehalfofCIC,Ihopethispublicationwillpromptinformeddebateandargument–
passioneven–andleadtochangesbeingmadetocurrentthinkingandstrategies
andsoassistinsolvingourcountry’sserioustransportandlanduseproblems.
MygreatthankstoDavidGreenforchairingandchampioningthisreportandfor
thetime,intellectandexperiencegenerouslycontributedbyallpanelmemberstoits
roundedcontent.
MichaelDicksonFREng
ChairmanoftheConstructionIndustryCouncil
vi
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Acknowledgements
Name Representing/role Company/authority
DavidGreen ChairmanandAuthor ConsultingMunicipalandCivil
Engineer
DavidBaylissOBE InstitutionofCivilEngineers(ICE) HalcrowFox
RichardDavies ConstructionIndustryResearchand MottMacDonald
InformationAssociation(CIRIA)
JohnDean TownPlanningConsultant
MichaelDickson ConstructionIndustryCouncil(CIC), BuroHappold
ofwhichheisChairman
JohnEkinsOBE ICE HampshireCountyCouncil
ChrisFerrary RoyalTownPlanningInstitute(RTPI) EnvirosAspinwall
(nowwithSteerDaviesGleave)
PeterHine RTPI SymondsGroup
RogerKent TheLandscapeInstitute Mouchel
YiannisKoutsikidis CIC PolicyDevelopment,CIC
LilliMatson CouncilfortheProtectionofRural CPRE
(uptoJune2001) England(CPRE)
JohnOldham CountrysidePropertiesplc
StephenPalmer InstituteofHighwayIncorporated TransportforLondon
Engineers
HelenRichardson TransportationPlanner BuroHappold
HarleySherlock RoyalInstituteofBritishArchitects AndrewsSherlockandPartners
(RIBA)
NicholasSpencer SecretarytotheCICWorkingParty PolicyDevelopment,CIC
RobertUpton RTPI SecretaryGeneral,RTPI
LornaWalker DeputyChairmanandUrbanTask OveArupandPartners
ForceMember
GrahamWatts CIC ChiefExecutive,CIC
A.N.Other (KnownwelltotheWorkingParty
butregrettablyunabletoadmithis
involvement,butnotforgotten!)
vii
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INTEGRATED TRANSPORT AND LAND USE PLANNING
IamgreatlyindebtedtoallthemembersofthePanelfortheirinput,advice,good-
naturedargumentandgoodhumour,andfortheirforbearancewithmyoccasional
lackofunderstandingandidiosyncrasies.Thattheyweresowillingtogivesomuch
timeandthoughttotheseissuesdoesthemandtheircompanies/organisations
muchcredit.IparticularlywishtothankDavidBayliss,HarleySherlock,A.N.Other
(whomustremainnameless!),JohnOldham,JohnDeanandRobertUptonfor
supportwellbeyondthecallofduty.IamgratefultooforthehelpaffordedbyNick
SpencerasSecretarytothePanelandhisdiplomaticskillsinkeepingmeatit.Finally,
manythankstoMichaelDicksonandGrahamWattsforinvitingandencouraging
metochairthePanelandwritethis‘conversation’,whichhasbeenintellectually
stimulatingandarealprivilegeandpleasure.
Thephotographsonpages37and42arereproducedbycourtesyofCountryside
Properties.ThephotographofthelatePaulEddingtononpage98isreproducedby
courtesyofPatriciaEddingtonandInternationalCreativeManagement.TheMatt
cartoonsarereproducedbypermissionoftheTelegraphGroupLtd.Theadvertson
pages52and54arereproducedbycourtesyofPioneerandBASF,respectively.
DavidGreenFREng,FICE
ChairmanofandAuthortothePanel
viii
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Preface
Transportisnowhighonthepoliticalagenda.Pastcomplacencybyallpolitical
partieshasturnedtocommitment.Promisesarebeingmade,andifimprovements
aren’tdeliveredbythetimeofthenextelection,notonlywillsomeheadsrollbut
itseemsthebalanceofpowerinParliamentwillchange.Thepublicnowwant
improvements–theydemandthem–whetherit’sontherailways,ontheroadsor
onthebuses.Theyarefedupwithtalkanddogmaandaboutjamtomorrow:they
wantactionnowandtoseeanendtojamstoday.Thebandyingaboutofbillionsof
poundsofexpenditurenolongercutsanyicewiththepublicanddoesn’tseemto
becuttingcongestionordelaysforpassengersorfreight.Theywanttoseeand
experiencerealtangiblepracticalbenefits.
Andbecausetransportissomethingthateveryoneisdependenton,everyone
experiences,everyonehasviewsaboutit–theiropinionsbeingcolouredandtheir
demandsinfluencedbywhattheysuffereachandeveryday.Everyonecanseefor
themselveswhattheproblemsare:ontheroads,onthebuses,ontherails,onthe
streets.Thefactsspeak.
AndGovernment,knowingthefacts,seeingthedissatisfaction,saysthatithasthe
answersanditwillallbebetter.Soon.Allisundercontrol.Justbepatient–alittle
longer–anditwillbesorted.
Butwhatifthefactsaremisunderstood?Whatiffactisfiction?Whatiftheanswers
arewrong?Whatthen?Whatpricethepromises,thepoliticalfall-out?
Well,webelievethatsomeoftheso-calledfactsarefiction.Thatsomeofthe
answersarewrong;thatsomeofthefactsaremisunderstood;andthatsome
ofthereasoningunderpinningthepresentstrategyisfaulty.Ifwe’reright–and
wethinkweare,providingchapterandverseherein–thentheoutcomeswillbe
serious,politically,socially,economicallyandnationally.Worsestill,valuabletime
andresourceswillhavebeenwastedwhilsttheproblemsgetworseandsolutions
Badnewshasabadeffect.
Falsegoodnewshasaworseeffect.
ix
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INTEGRATED TRANSPORT AND LAND USE PLANNING
evenhardertofind.Wethereforefeelwemustspeakup.Wehavenoaxetogrind,
nothingtogainbyputtingourheadsabovetheparapet,andarenotpeddlingsome
vestedinterests.Weare,wehope,beingobjectiveandunbiased.
Thereareseveralreasonsbehindtheproblem.Theyinclude:
m Muchmisunderstandingandconfusionabout:
– Someofthetermsused–evenintegratedtransportandlanduse
planning,theveryrocksonwhichtheGovernment’stransportstrategy
(the‘10YearPlan’)isbuilt,aswellascongestion,oneofthemain
problemstobetackled.
– Whatcanandcannotbeachievedthroughimprovedpublictransport.
– Whatthepublic’srealpreferences,wishesandintentionsare.
m Over-optimismandunrealisticexpectationsofwhatthecurrentstrategycan
achieve.
m Toosmallavisionandtoolittleimaginationofhowmuchbetteritallcouldand
shouldbe.
m Lackofmeaningfulandmonitorabletargets,meaningthestrategycannotbe
properlymanagedorthepubliceverknowwhetherornotit’ssucceedingor
failing.
m Toolittleenthusiasmformakingsomething–anything–happen.
Thereforeweseekhereintoblowawaysomeoftheconfusion,explainsomeofthe
mysteries,explodesomeofthemythsanddistinguishbetweenfact,fictionand
fantasy.
And‘we’arearangeofseniorprofessionals–allmoversandshapersinour
respectivefieldshavingtherespectofourcolleagues–allconcernedwithsome
aspectoftransportationand/orlanduseplanninginourwork-a-dayworlds.
Individuallyratherthancollectivelyweareresponsiblefromtimetotimeforadvising
centralorlocalgovernment,industryorbusinessonrelatedmattersormaking
decisionsaboutinvestmentininfrastructureornewdevelopments.Weinclude
architects(buildingandlandscape),housingandpropertydevelopers,civilengineers,
surveyors,transportationplanners,environmentalexpertsandresearchers.Our
backgroundsarevaried–thepublicandprivatesectorsaswellasacademiaand
researchinstitutes;clients,consultantsanddevelopers;andallhuesofpolitical
persuasion.Weareoccasionallyonopposingsides!Herein,wehavebeendirect–
sometimescontentious–tomakeourpointsclearly;werecognisethatonoccasion
thismayhaveledtosomeoversimplification.Whereso,weseekyourindulgence.
Andwedon’tallagreeoneverythingherein–norwillnodoubtallthemembersof
thevariousbodiesrepresented!Eachofushavehadtobiteourtonguesonoccasion
andcompromisealittletohelpachieveourover-ridingcommonaim:tobetter
informgovernment–centralandlocal–Parliament,industry,theprofessionsand
thegeneralpublic–aboutwhatintegratedtransportandlanduseplanningcan
andcannotachieve,sohelpingtoensurethatsensibledecisionsaretakenforthe
long-termbenefitoftheUK.Wethereforeseektogiveclear,practicaland(wethink)
affordableandtimelyadviceastothewayforward.But,contrarytowhatsome
wouldhaveusandthepublicbelieve–therearenoquickfixes,althoughwithreal
Governmentcommitment,somecould–andshould–bemademuchquicker!
Thusthetitle,TheFacts,Fiction,FallaciesandFuture….
x
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PREFACE
Ourreport
m iswritteninformallythatitmightinformmanypeople
m issuccinctthatitmightberead
m isfrankthatitmightawakeninterestandconcern
m ispracticalthatitmightleadtoaction
m isconversationalthatitmightpromptwidediscussionanddebate.
xi
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