Insights Into Hittite History and Archaeology

353 Pages·2011·15.36 MB·English

by  H. Genz

COLLOQUIA ANTIQUA
---2---
INSIGHTS INTO HITTITE HISTORY
AND ARCHAEOLOGY
Edited by
HERMANN GENZ and DIRK PAUL MIELKE
PEETERS
LEUVEN- PARIS - WALPOLE, MA
2011
COLLOQUIA ANTIQUA
Supplements totheJournalANCIENTWEST & EAST
SERIES EDITOR
GOCHA R. TSETSKHLADZE
EDITORIAL BOARD
A. Avram (Romania/France), Sir John Boardman (UK), J. Hargrave (UK),
t
J. Hind (UK), M. Kazanski (France), A. Podossinov (Russia),
N. Theodossiev (Bulgaria), J. Wiesehofer (Germany)
ADVISORY BOARD
S. Atasoy (Turkey), L. Ballesteros Pastor (Spain), J. Bouzek (CzechRep.),
S. Burstein (USA), J. Carter (USA), B. d'Agostino (Italy),
F. De Angelis (Canada), J. de Boer (The Netherlands), A. Dominguez (Spain),
O. Doonan (USA), A. Kuhrt (UK), Sir Fergus Millar (UK),
J.-P. Morel (France), A. Rathje (Denmark), D. Ridgway (UK),
R. Rollinger (Austria), A. Sagona (Australia),
A. Snodgrass (UK), D. Stronach (USA), M. Tiverios (Greece),
C. Ulf(Austria), J. VelaTejada (Spain)
Colloquia Antiqua is a refereed publication
Acataloguerecord forthis book is availablefrom theLibrary of Congress.
ISBN 978-90-429-2136-8
D/2011/0602/11
© 2011, Peeters, Bondgenotenlaan153,B-3000Leuven, Belgium
Nopart ofthisbook may bereproducedinany form orbyanyelectronicormechanicalmeans,
including information storage or retrieval devices or systems, withoutprior written permission
from thepublisher,exceptthe quotationof briefpassagesfor review purposes.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface Gocha R. Tsetskhladze . VII
Introduction Dirk Paul Mielke and Hermann Genz IX
List of Abbreviations XI
List of Illustrations .... .. ............................... ... XIII
CHAPTER 1 Research on the Hittites: A Short Overview
Hermann Genz and Dirk Paul Mielke. ............. 1
CHAPTER 2 History ofthe Hittites
Horst Klengel. ................................ 31
CHAPTER 3 The Written Legacy of the Hittites
Theo P.l. van den Hout 47
CHAPTER 4 Hittite State and Society
Trevor R. Bryce "................ 85
CHAPTER 5 Environment and Economy in Hittite Anatolia
Walter Dorfler, Christa Herking, ReinderNee],
RainerPasternakand Angela von den Driesch ...... 99
CHAPTER 6 Hittite Military and Warfare
Jiirgen Lorenz and Ingo Schrakamp 125
CHAPTER 7 Hittite Cities: Looking for a Concept
DirkPaul Mielke. ............................. 153
CHAPTER 8 Hittite Temples: Palaces ofthe Gods
Caroline Zimmer-Vorhaus 195
CHAPTER 9 Open-Air Sanctuaries of the Hittites
A. Tuba Okse ................................. 219
VI TABLEOFCONTENTS
CHAPTER 10 Hittite Pottery: A Summary
Ulf-Dietrich Schoop 241
CHAPTER 11 Metals and Metallurgy in Hittite Anatolia
lana Siegelovd andHidetoshi Tsumoto ............ 275
CHAPTER 12 Foreign Contacts ofthe Hittites
Hermann Genz 301
List ofContributors 333
Index 335
PREFACE
When I visited the erstwhile capital of the Hittite empire and nearby sites in
September2001, I was amazed by the rapidpace of advance in Hittite archae
ology. Our guide was Hermann Genz, a passionate advocate of the Hittites.
Together, we have participated in various Anatolian Iron Age symposia. His
papers andhis otherpublicationsreinforcedmybeliefthattheEnglish-speaking
world, especiallythe students at Anglo-Saxon universities, wouldbenefitfrom
a single volume dedicated to a thematic examination and exposition of the
Hittites and their civilisation, written by those directly involved with the
subject. Such a volume would bring togetherup-to-date developments and the
latest thoughts of acknowledgedexperts. In his various review articles on new
publications for Ancient West & East, Dirk Paul Mielke has confirmed the
need for a work such as this.
Here is the result. H. Genz and D.P. Mielke have enthusiastically assembled
contributions from a very distinguished body of authors. Iwould like to thank
them all, editors and authors, for their efforts. Thanks are also due to ouranon
ymous referees for their suggestions and inciteful comments.
A few publications have appeared in English since work on this volume com
menced. These are more in the nature of reference works, and they take a
largely historical approach. Together with the present volume, they provide a
well-rounded view of Hittite civilisation.
GochaR. Tsetskhladze
Series Editor
Melbourne, January 2008
INTRODUCTION
The idea of compiling a volume about the Hittites was proposed to us by
Gocha Tsetskhladze in 2002. The main objective of this volume is to give an
overview of recent developments and new approaches in Hittite studies. As
much of the work that has been done in recent years has been published only
in German, another aspect of this volume is to make these new results acces
sible to the English-speaking world and thus to a wider audience. We are ex
tremely grateful to Gocha Tsetskhladze for the proposal and for his constant
encouragement as well as for editing this volume for the series Colloquia
Antiqua. The index has been compiled by Marshall Woodworth. We would
like to thank all the authors for their contributions and for their patience with
us, and James Hargrave for his thoroughness as a copy-editor. We hope that
this book will find a broad resonance and that it will make a contribution to
promoting interest in the Hittites.
Dirk Paul Mielke and HermannGenz
Madrid and Beirut, July 2009
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AA ArchdologischerAnzeiger
AAA Annals ofArchaeology and Anthropology
AAS AnatolianArchaeologicalStudies
AASOR Annualofthe AmericanSchools ofOrientalResearch
ABoT K. Balkan, Ankara arkeoloji miizesinde bulunanBogazkoy-tabletleri
(Istanbul 1948)
ADTCFD Ankara Universitesi Dilve Tarih-Cografya FakiiltesiDergisi
AfO Archivfiir Orientforschung
AJA AmericanJournal ofArchaeology
AntWelt Antike Welt
AoF AltorientalischeForschungen
APA ActaPraehistorica etArchaeologica
ARKIVOC Archivefor Organic Chemistry
[on-line journal: www.arkat-usa.org]
ArOr Archiv Orientalni
AS Anatolian Studies
AST ArasttrmaSonuclari Toplanust
AWE AncientWest & East
BaghdMitt BaghdaderMitteilungen
BAR BritishArchaeologicalReports
BASOR Bulletinofthe AmericanSchools ofOrientalResearch
BiblOr Bibliotheca Orientalis '
BMECCJ Bulletin ofthe Middle Eastern Culture Center inJapan
BoSt Bogazkoy Studien
BSA AnnualoftheBritish Schoolat Athens
CDOG Colloqium der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft
CTH E.Laroche, Catalogue des textes hittites (Paris 1971)
HdA Handbuch der Altertumswissenschaft
HdO Handbuch der Orientalistik
HFAC Hittite Fragmentsin AmericanCollections
HKM Hittite CuneiformTablets from Masat Hoytik
!BoT IstanbulArkeolojiMiizelerinde BulunanBogazkoy Tabletlerinden
Secme Metinler (Istanbul 1944, 1947, 1954; Ankara 1988)
IstMitt IstanbulerMitteilungen
JAOS Journal ofthe AmericanOrientalSociety
JCS Journal ofCuneiform Studies
JdI Jahrbuch des DeutschenArchiiologischenInstituts
JKF Jahrbuchfiir kleinasiatischeForschungen
JNES Journal ofNearEastern Studies
KBo Keilschrifttexte aus Boghazkoi (Leipzig/Berlin)
KST Kazi Sonuclari Toplantisi
KUB Keilschrifturkunden aus Boghazkoi (Berlin)
KuSa Keilschriftkurkunden aus Kusakli-Sarissa
XII LIST OFABBREVIATIONS
MDOG Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft
MIO Mitteilungen des Institutsfur Orientforschungen
NABU NouvellesAssyriologiqueBreves et Utilitaires
NBA NurnbergerBlatterzurArchdologie
OJA OxfordJournal ofArchaeology
OLZ OrientalischeLiteraturzeitung
OrAnt Oriens Antiquus
OrAntM OrientisAntiquiMiscellanea
PBF PrdhistorischeBronzefunde
PP Parola del Passato
PRUIV J.Nougayrol, LePalais Royald'UgaritIV: Mission deRas Shamra IX
(Paris 1956)
PZ PraehistorischeZeitschrift
RA RevueArcheologique
RDAC ReportoftheDepartmentofAntiquities, Cyprus
RHA RevueHittite etAsianique
RLAss Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archdologie
RS Tablets from Ras Shamra
SIMA Studies inMediterraneanArchaeology
SMEA Studi miceneied egeo-anatolici
StBoT Studien zu den Bogazkoy-Texten
TAD Turk ArkeolojiDergisi
TAVO TiibingerAtlasdes Vorderen Orients
THeth Texte der Hethiter
TTKY Turk Tarih Kurumu Yayinlari
TUBA-AR Tiirkiye BilimlerAkademisiArkeolojiDergisi
UF Ugarit-Forschungen
WVDOG Wissenschaftliche Veroffentlichungen derDeutschen Orient-Gesellschaft
WZKM WienerZeitschriftfur die Kunde des Morgenlandes
ZAss ZeitschriftfurAssyriologie
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
CHAPTER 1
Fig. 1. Map of the Hittite sites (settlements, cemeteries, hoards) mentioned in the
text: (1)Bogazkoy, (2)AlacaHoyuk, (3)Ortakoy, (4)HiiseyindedeTepesi, (5)Masat
Hoyuk, (6) Kusakli, (7) Alisar Hoyuk, (8) Inandiktepe, (9) Kaman Kalehoyiik,
(10) Eflatun Pmar, (11) Gavurkalesi, (12) Porsuk, (13) Gordion, (14) Beycesultan,
(15) Tarsus, (16) Kilise Tepe, (17) Kinet Hoyiik, (18) Norsuntepe, (19) Korucutepe,
(20)Imikusagi, (21)Tepecik,(22)Lidar Hoyuk, (23)Karkamis, (24)Ugarit, (25)Emar,
(26) Osmankayasi, (27) Btiget/Ferzant, (28) Kazankaya, (29) Ihca, (30) Yanarlar, (31)
Sarkisla, (32) Kastamonu, (33) Bolu, (34) Kayahpmar, (35) Oymaagac, (36) Sirkeli
Hoyuk (D.P. Mielke).
Fig. 2. Overview of Hittite chronology, including list of Hittite kings, important syn
chronisms, absolutedates and periodisations (D.P. Mielke).
CHAJYfER2
Fig. 1. Map of the ancient Near East with the most importantplaces and modem geo
graphicalnames mentionedin the text (D.P. Mielke).
Fig. 2. Map of Anatolia and North Syria with the most important places and ancient
geographicalnames (D.P. Mielke).
Fig. 3. So-called'marriagestele' from AbuSimbe1.TheGreat King Hattusili III(right)
brings his daughter (middle) to the Pharaoh Ramesses II (left) (after R. Lepsius,
Denkmdler aus Agypten und Athiopien Abteilung III, Band VII [Berlin 1849-59],
B1. 196).
CHAPTER 3
Fig. 1.
(1)Typical clay tablet with columns (verticallines) and paragraphs (horizontallines).
KBo 4.14. Dimensions: 33 x 21 x 6.5 cm. On the back betweenthe column lines the
so-called 'firingholes' can be seen (templateT.P.I. van den Hout);
(2) 'Oracle liver' - Clay tablet in the shape of a sheep's liver, inscribed with omens.
KUB 37.223 (32Ijd). Greatest diameter about 12 em (after F. Kocher, Literarische
Texte inakkadischerSprache [KUB 37] [Berlin 1953],no. 223);
(3)Small 'etiquette'.KUB 30.75(803/c).Greatestdiameterabout6em(afterH.Ehelolf,
Texte verschiedenen Inhalts [vorwiegend aus den Grabungen seit 193/j [KUB 30]
[Berlin 1939], no. 75);
(4) 'Landdeed' with seal impressionon the front. Bo 90/758. Dimensions: lOAx 8 x
4.4 em (after Riister 1993, fig. 1).
Fig. 2. Bronze tablet from the Upper City in Bogazkoy-Hattusa. Dimensions: 35 x
23.5 x 0.8/1 em, weight 5kg (after Seeher2003, fig. 7).