Table Of ContentOUP CORRECTED PROOF–FINAL,4/5/2016, SPi
Insiders versus Outsiders
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Insiders versus Outsiders
Interest Group Politics
in Multilevel Europe
Andreas Dür and Gemma Mateo
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Acknowledgements
This book is the result of work that we started in 2008, when we were at
UniversityCollegeDublin.Backthen,intheframeworkofaprojectfunded
bytheIrishResearchCouncilfortheHumanitiesandSocialSciences(IRCHSS,
Government of Ireland Research Project Grant), we decided to carry out a
survey of Irish interest groups. The success of this initial survey, which we
putintoeffectin2009,madeusdecidetoreplicateourresearchinfourmore
countries. After our move to the University of Salzburg, we were fortunate
to receive funding for this research from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF,
LiseMeitnerprogramme,grantnumberM1217-G16).Later,grantsfromthe
JubiläumsfondsoftheAustrianNationalBank(grantnumber15513)andthe
SalzburgCentreofEuropeanUnionStudies(smallprojectgrantprogramme)
allowed us to add surveysof interest groups active on specific campaigns at
boththenationalandtheEuropeanlevels.
Withoutthewillingnessofalargenumberofinterestgroupofficialstotake
time out of their busy schedules and respond to our surveys, this research
wouldnothave beenpossible. Becausewe guaranteedthemanonymity,we
cannot list them by name, but we very much appreciate their generosity.
Moreover,weareverygratefultoIlzeRuseforassistingusincarryingoutthe
surveyinLatvia.Throughoutthistime,wewerealsoluckytobeabletorely
onmanyexcellentresearchassistants:JohannaBötscher,RobertHuber,Justin
Leinaweaver,GeraldLindner,StephenMassey,NiallMorris,IngoNordmann,
MaximilianRech,JanSand,NiklasStappenbeck,ZdenekStaszek,andMarkus
Vogtenhuber. Without their help, realizing the extensive empirical research
containedinthisbookwouldhavebeenimpossible.
Overthecourseofthisresearch,wereceivedmanyhelpfulcommentsand
suggestions from a large number of friends and colleagues. We owe much
gratitudetoDirkDeBièvrewhocommentedonboththebookproposaland
severalpartsofthebook.LeonardoBaccini,LauraBaroni,PatrickBernhagen,
Jan Beyers, Caelesta Braun, David Coen, Niamh Hardiman, Heike Klüver,
AndreaLiese,DavidMarshall,Sven-OliverProksch,AnneRasmussen,Bernd
Schlipphak,MichaëlTatham,andHannesWinnerprovidedhelpfulfeedback
on different parts of this book. Moreover, comments from audiences at
the Annual Conference of the European Political Science Association, the
v
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Acknowledgements
GeneralConferenceoftheEuropeanConsortiumforPoliticalResearch,IMT
Lucca, Oxford University, University College Dublin, and the University of
Salzburghelpedusrefineourideas.
Someportionsofthisbookbuildonresearchthatwepreviouslypublished
asjournalarticles.PartsofChapter5appearedintheEuropeanJournalofPolit-
icalResearch(2013,Vol.52,No.5).Chapter7isafullyrevisedandexpanded
version of an article that was published in European Union Politics (2014,
Vol.15,No.4).ThecasestudyontheAnti-CounterfeitingTradeAgreement
contained in Chapter 9, finally, draws on an article that was printed in the
JournalofEuropeanPublicPolicy(Vol.21,No.8).WearegratefultoBlackwell,
Sage,andTaylor&Francisforthepermissiontoreusethesematerials.
Finally,theteamatOxfordUniversityPresswasveryhelpfulinimproving
themanuscriptandbringingitintoprint.Particularthanksareduetothree
anonymousreviewersforOxfordUniversityPresswhoofferedexcellentcom-
mentsandthoroughfeedbackonanearlierversionofthisbook.
Wededicatethisbooktoourtwochildren,AlexanderandJulia,whoquite
literally grew up while we were working on this project. They are the best
childrenwecouldhopefor.
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Contents
ListofFigures ix
ListofTables xiii
1. Introduction 1
2. LobbyingInsidersandLobbyingOutsiders 16
3. StudyingLobbyinginMultilevelEurope 38
4. AMapofInterestGroupActivityinEurope 47
5. StrategiesI:GainingAccessorGoingPublic 70
6. StrategiesII:InsidersandOutsidersinThreeCampaigns 97
7. Europeanization:BusinessAssociationsasMultilevelPlayers 124
8. Access:BiasintheHeavenlyChoir 150
9. Influence:Lobbying,PublicSalience,andOutcomes 182
10.Conclusion 208
AnnexA:QuestionnairefortheActor-CentredSurvey 225
AnnexB:QuestionnaireforthePolicy-CentredSurvey 233
Notes 237
Bibliography 247
Index 265
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List of Figures
3.1 Compositionofcountrysamplesbygrouptype 41
3.2 Responseratesbycountryandgrouptype 42
4.1 Cumulativeproportionofgroupscreatedovertime 48
4.2 Numberofstaffbygrouptypeandcountry 50
4.3 Timespentbyinterestgroupsoninterestrepresentationand
otheractivities 55
4.4 Theimportanceoffifteenpolicyfieldsforinterestgroups 57
4.5 Thenumberofpolicyareasthatareimportantorveryimportant
foragroup 57
4.6 Correlatingtheimportanceofdifferentpolicyareas 58
4.7 Whattherepresentationofinterestsentails 59
4.8 ShareoflobbyingonnationalandEUlegislation 61
4.9 Frequencyofcontactswithaseriesofnationalinstitutionson
EUlegislation 62
4.10 FrequencyofcontactswithaseriesofEUinstitutions 63
4.11 Theuseoflobbyingtacticswithrespecttobothnationaland
EUlegislation 65
4.12 Thenumberoftacticsusedbyinterestgroups 66
4.13 CorrelatingtacticsonbothnationalandEUlegislation 68
5.1 Explainingvariationintheuseoftacticsonnationallegislation 76
5.2 ExplainingvariationintheuseoftacticsonEUlegislation 77
5.3 Factorloadings 79
5.4 Choiceofstrategybytypeofgroup 82
5.5 Resources,typeofgroup,andchoiceofstrategy 82
5.6 Strategyandpolicyfield(nationallegislation) 83
5.7 Strategyandpolicyfield(EUlegislation) 84
5.8 ExplainingvariationinRelativeinside(national) 85
5.9 Theeffectofgrouptypefordifferentlevelsofresources
(nationallegislation) 87
ix
