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Pub!isihn1e 9d9i b y
RoutleJge
Ani mprionfRt outleCdhgaep,m aann dH alIln,c .
29W est3 5S treet
NewY orkN,Y 10001
PublisihnGe rd eaBtr itabiyn
Routledge
11N ewF ettLearn e
LondoEnC 4P4 EE
Copyri©g h1t9 91b yR outledCghea,p maann dH alIln, c.
Printientd h Uen itSetda toefsA merica
Alrli ghrtess ervNeodp .a rotf t hibso okm ayb er eprinotrre edp roduocre d
utiliiznea ndy f ormo rb ya nye lectromneicch,a niocrao lt her menaonws ,
knowno rh ereafter inventpehdo,t oicnocpalynuiddrn iegnc go rdoirni nga ,n y
informasttioorna ogrre e triseyvsatle wmi,t hopuetr missiinwo rni ting from
thep ublishers.
ISBN0 -415-902(3H6B-)3
ISBN0 -415-902(3P7S-)1
LibraorfCy o ngresasn dB ritish Lciabtraalroiygn ip nubgl icaitnifoonr mation
isa vailable.
Contents
Acknowledgments v
Inside/Out 1
DiaFnuas s
I DeckiOnugt P:e rformIidnegn tities
1 ImitatainodGn e ndeIrn subordination 13
Judith Butler
2 BoyWsi lBle G irlTsh:eP olitoifcG sa yD rag 32
Carole-TAynlneer
3 Who Are" We"G?a y" IdentaistP yo"l itical
(E)mot(iAoT nh eoretRiucmailn ation) 71
EdC ohen
4 SeeiTnhgi ngRse:p rseentattihoeSn c,e noef
Surveillaanndtc heeS, p ectaocfGl aey M ale Sex 93
.L eEed elman
II CuttiUnpg:S pecteSrpesc,t atAourtsh,o rs
5 AnaRl ope 119
D.A .M iller
6 FemalSep ectaLteosrb,i Sapne ctTehr:He a unting 142
PatrWihciitae
7 A ParalVliaexwo fL esbiAaunt horship 173
JudiMtahy ne
8 BelieviinFn agi riTehseA: u thoarn d
TheH omosexual 185
RichDayredr
iii
jvC o�It ents
IIIZ oninIgn :B ody/Parts
9
TheQ ueenT'hsr oa(tH:o mo)scxuaanldti hteAy r t
ofS inging 205
WaynKeo cstenbaum
10B elotwh eB el(tU:n lCovcTrhineg Well of
Loneliness 235
MicheAlei nBaa rale
11
RockH udsonB'osd y 259
RichiaVfredy er
IV ActiUnpg :A IDSA,l legoArcyt,l vism
12
AIDSi nA mericPao:s tmodGeorvne rnance,
291
IdentaintdyE ,x perience
ThomYaisn gling
13
"Altlh e SYaodu nMge n"A:I DSa ndt he Work of
311
Mourning
JeNfufn okawa
14U ndead 324
Ellis Hanson
15
ShockiPnign Pkr axis: anRdaG ceen deornt he
341
ACT UFPr ontlines
CatheSraianieafi neRdla dNy a varro
V SpeakiOnugt T:e achiInn g
16
VisualiSzaifnSege xW:h enP edagoagnyd
373
PornograCpohlyl ide
CinPdayt ton
17 387
SchooOlu'ts
SimWoant ney
405
SourBcieb liography
425
Lisotf C ontributors
Acknowledgments
Twoy earasg oa,s I a ttentdhedeS e conAdn nuaLle sbiaanndG ay
StudiCeosn fereantcY ea lUen iversIiw tayss, t rubcyka newl evel
ofa ctiviintl ye sbiaanndg ays cholaras hdiepg:r eoefh eightened
productfiuveiltbeyyda c limaotfee n thusipaassms,i aonng,u ifseha,r ,
fervaorn,dg enerfaelv erceodm motiOount.f rowmi thtihna etl ectri
fyintgu muclatm et hied efao Ir nsideac /oOlultec,ot fin eowne ssays
whicwho ulbdr intgo getihneo rn ev olumaetl eaas pto rtiooftn h e
workc urrenbteliynd go nei na varieotfmy e dium(sl iterafitlumr,e ,
videmou,s icp,h otograapchryo)sa ss pectroufmt heoretaipcal
proac(hpessy choandaelcyosnisst,r uscetmiioontd,ii cssc,o utrhseeo ry),
lYlesotft hees saayrsae p peariintn hgiv so lumfeot rh fier srti mem:a ny
werien itidaellliyv eirnce odn ferpeanpceefr o ramt e ithtehrNe a tional
LesbiaanndG ayS tudiCeosn fereonrvc aer iopurso fessaisosnoacli a
tioinnsd iffearceandte mfiiecl dwsh,i lset ioltlh epra pewresr ceo mmis
sionsepde cificfaotlrhl iyvs o lumMey. g reataecsktn owledgmmuesntt
certaignotl oya lolf t hei ndivicdounatlr ibtuotI onrss idweh/oO ut
belieivnet dh ipsr ojefcrto tmh ev erbye ginnainndgw hog enerously
contribtuhteemidor s tr ecewnotr kM.a nyo ft hec ontribaultsoor s
madev aluaabdldei titootn hses ourbcieb liogrwahpihccyho ncludes
thiess sacyo llectIinpo anr.t icuIlw aoru,l ldi kteo t hanMki chele
BaralRei,c haDryde rR,i cha:Nrlde yearn,dC arole-ATnynleefr ot rh eir
excellaenndot f teinn spisruegdg estions.C rDiomupiVg,il iacsh ael
Westa,n diV lartGheav earl scoo ntribtuott heefid n aslh apaen ds ub
stanocfet hbei bliograanpdIh w yo,u lldi kteot hantkh eaml flo trh eir
spiroifgt e neroassiw teyla lsf otrh gee neraanli matainodin n citement
oft hewiorr kI.w oulndo th avree taimnye sda nitthyr outghhet wo
yeacro mpilaatnidor ne visoifto hni bsi bliogrwaeprihety n otf otrh e
brilll1iabnrtsa lreyu thoifmn yg t wor eseaarscshi stJaenntnsHa,a y
wardan dL eeT alley, whionsvea louwcanob nlter ibtuott ihvoeon l ume
wass upporbtyet dh eP rinceUtnoinv erRseisteya rCcohu ncfioltr he
Humanitaineds byP rtihnec eEtnognl iDsehp artmelomw.e a s peciaJ
v
viIA cknowledgments
debto fg ratittuodm ey friencdosl,l eagaunedfs o,r mecro lleagues
heraet P rinceEtdouna:r Cdaod avGae,r rCya davMai,c.h aCeald den,
AdrienDnoen aldE,m oryE llioEtltl,iH sa nson, WaHlutgehre s,
ThomaKse enaJne,f Nfu nokawLao,r aR omero, Andreawn dR oss,
HarveTye reAsl.lo ft hemi,nw aysI s uspetchte mya yn ote vebne
awaroef ( nowri stho t akree sponsifboirlh)ia,tv yee nergiaznedd
influetnhcepe rdo ductoifto hnic so llecIttii osnn os. m alclo incidence
thasto m anyo ft hew ritewrhso a ppeairnI nsidhea/vOael urte ady
publisohrew di lslo obne p ublisthhienoigwr n b ookwsi tRho utledge.
Iw oulldi kvee rmyu cht ot hantkh eR outleeddgiet osrtiaaaflnf d,B ill
Germaneos pecifaolarln yu ,n waversiunpgp oorftt h ipsa rticbuoloakr
asw elalsf oard emonstrcaotmemdi tmetont th peu blicaotfai w oind e
rangoefs cholarbsygh aiypa ndl esbiaaunt hoFrisn.a lIlnys, idies/ Out
dedicattooe ndeo fi tcso ntribuRtaoyrmso,nN da varro,d iwehadof ter
a ten-monbtahtt wliet AhI DSa st his bwoaosgk o intgop resesn:s u
memoria.
Inside/Out
DianFau ss
Thep hilosopohpipcoasli tbieotnw e"ehne teroseaxnud"a hlo"m o
sexualli,k"se o m anyo thecro nventiboinnaalr hiaessa, l waybse en
construocntt ehde f oundatioofan nso threerl atoepdp osittihoen :
1
coupl"ei nsiadned"" outsidTeh.em" etaphyosfii cdse nttihtahyta s
governdeids cussoifos nexsu al beahnadvl iiobri doibnjaelcc hto ice,
hasu,n til dneopwe,n doentd h set ructsuyrmamle torfty h ese seemingly
fundamednitsatli ncatnidto hnes ineviotfaa s byimlbiotolyri dceb ra sed
ona logiofcl imimtasr,g inbso,r dearnsd,b oundarMiaensy.o ft he
curreenftf oirntl se sbiaanndg ayt heorwyh,i cthh ivso lumsee ektso
showcahsaev,be e gutnh dei fficbuultut r getnetx tuwaolr kn ecessary
toc aliln tqou esttihosent abialnidit nye radicoafbt ihhleei tteyr o/homo
hierarscuhgyg,e stthianntge w( anodl ds)e xupaols sibialrient oi es
longtehri nkaibntl eer mosfa s impilnes ide/oduitasliedBceut tih co.w ,
,
exactdloyw ,e b rintgh eh eterolhoopmpoo sittioto hnep oinotfc ol
lapsHeo?w canw e worki tt ot hep oinotfc ritical exahnadu stion,
whate fefcts-mateproilailt,is coacli,a l-scuacnah s ustaienfefdo rt
toe rodaen d rteoo rgatnhiezc eo nceptguraolu nodfsi dentbiete yx
pectteodh avoe� �urs exuparla ctiacnedps o licist?
Thefi gurien side/outsibdeee acsaionlrney ov tefi rn aldliys pensed
withi;tc ano nlbye w orkeodn a ndw orkeodv er-ittsuerlnfie nds ide
outt oe xposietc sr itiocpaelr atiaonndis n termiaocrh ineTroyt .h e
extetnhta tth dee notatoifao nnyt erimsa lwadyesp endoennw th ati s
extertiooi rt( heterosexfuoarel xiatmyp,lt ey,p icdaelfilnye ist sienl f
critoipcpaols ittioto hnaw th icihti sn oth:o mosxeualitthyei) n,s ide/
outsipdoel ariisat nyi ndispenmsoadbeflloe hr e lpiunstg ou nderstand
thec omplicwaotrekdi nogfss e miosIinss.i de/ofuutnscitdiaeos tn hse
verfiyg urfeo r signiafincdat thiemo enc haniosfmm se anipnrgo duc
tioInth. a se verytthoid nowg i tthh set ructoufar leise nation, splitting,
andi dentificwahtiictohon g etphreord uacs ee lafn da no thears ,u bject
2 I/n troduction
anda no bjecatn,u nconsciaonuda s c onscioaunis n,t eriaonrdi ty
ane xteriorityo.n eIo nft dheefe udn,d amenitnasli gohftL sa canian
psychoanailnyfsliuse,bn yca ew dh olter adiotfis oenm iotthiocu gihst ,
then otiotnh aatn yi dentiisft oyu nderde latiocnoanlsltyi,t iunt ed
refertenoac nee x teroiroo urt stihdaed te fintehsse u bjeocwtn'i sn terior
boundarainedcs o rporseuarlf aces.2
Butt hefi gurien side/ouwthsiicedhne c,a psultahtese tsr uctoufr e
languargeep,r essainodsn u,b jectailvsidote ys,i gntahtese tsr uctoufr e
exclusoipopnr,e ssainodrn e,p udiaTthiiolsna .t tmeord emla yw elble
morei nsisttoet_nh to sseu bjercotust inreellye gattoe dtr hieg ohftt he
virgulet-hteoo u tsiodfse y steomfsp owera,u thoraintdyc ,u ltural
legitimIanctye.r rogtahtpeio nsgi toif"o onu tsiderinswe hsesrm"eu ch
recelnets biaanndg ayt heobreyg inism,p liciifnt oltay l waydsi rectly
raisitnhgeq uestioofnt sh ec omplicpartoecde sbsyew sh icshe xual
bordearrsce o nstruscetxeudia,dl e ntiatsiseisg naendds, e xupaoll itics
formulatHeodw, d3o o utsiadnedsi nsicdoemse a boutW?h atp hilo
sophiacnadlc ritoipcearla toirom nosd epsr odutchese p ecidoiusst inc
tiobne tweae pnu raen dn aturhaelt eroseixnusaialdn ed a ni mpure
andu nnatuhroamlo sexouuatls iWdhee?r eex actilnty h,i bso rderline
sexueaclo nomdyo,e tsh eo nei dentlietayvo efa fn dt heo thebre gin?
Andw hatge tlse fotu to ft hien side/ohuettseirdoes,e xuallhomosexual
oppositainoo np,p ositwihoincc ho uladtl eapslta usibbels ya itdo
secuirtess e emingly idnivailoelcastbtilrceua clot nulrbeyy a ssimilating
andi nternaoltihzeisrne gx ual(ibtiiseesx utarlaintsyv,e sttriasnms,s ex�
uali.s.m.) t oi tosw nr igpiodl alro gid
Forh eterosextuoaa lcihtiyet vhees tatoufst he" compulsoirty ,"
musptr eseintts aelsaf p ractgiocvee rnbeysd o mei nternneacle ssity.
The languaagnedl awt harte gulattheeess t ablisohfhm eetnetr osexual
itays b otahn i dentaintday n i nstitubtoitaohp n r,a ctaincdae s ystem,
ist hel anguaagnedl awo fd efenasnedp rotecthieotne:r osexuality
securietsss e lf-idaenndts ihtoyr uepsi tosn tologbiocuanld arbiye s
protecittisnegl f friotsm e eawssht ahtce o ntinpuraeld ateonrcyr oach
mentosfi tcso ntaminoattheehdro ,m osexuaOlfic toyu.r saen,ys exual
identbiatsye,od n t hec omplicdaytneadm iocfos b jecchto icweo,r ks
throuag shi mildaerf enspirvoec eduRreea.dt hroutghhel anguaogfe '
psychoanasleyxsuidasells iirspe r oducveadr,i ouasnldiy n t andem,
throuagcht asn de xperieonfdc eefse nasmeb,i valernecper,e ssdieo�n ,
niatlh,r etarta,u mian,j uirdye,n tificianttieornn,a liaznadrt einounn,c i
atioInn.d eesde,x uoablj ecchto iicsne o te vesno " simplaem "a ttoefr
psychiicdaeln tificaantdid oenfse nsietis sa; l saor esuolftt h ceo mplex
interactionc oonrf lshioiccstitsao,lr p irceasls uarnedcs u,l tuprraolh ibi
tions.
DianFau ss I 3
Thed ifferbeentcwee tehneh etearnod t heh omoh,o weveirst, h at
theh omob ecomieds entiwfiietdth h ev ermye chaninsemc esstaor y
definaen dt od efeanndy s exubaolr deHro.m osexuailnia t wyo,r d,
becomtehsee x cludietsd t;a nidnfs o rp,a radoxitchaalwtlh yi,cs ht ands
withoBuuttt. h bei nasrtyr uctoufsr eex uoarli entaftuinodna,m entally
a structoufer xec lusainodne xteriorization, nonetheless constructs
that_excblyup srioomni neinntcllyu dtihncego ntaminoattheeidrn i ts
oppositiloongaiTlch .eh omoi nr elattioto hneh etermou,c hl ikteh e
feminiinnre e lattioot nh em asculionpee,r aatsea sn i ndispensable
intereixocrl usioonu-tasni wdhei cihsi nsiidnet erimoarkiitnytg h e
articuloaftt hileoa nt tpeors siabt lrea,n sgreosfts hibeoo nr dwebri ch
isn ecesstaocr oyn stitthuebt oer daesrs uch.
Theh omot,h ein,sa lwasyosm ethliensagsn ds omethmionrget han
as upplement-somleetsihsnti hnaigtt s ignilfiaecrska thtehra and di
tioaDn,d s omethmionrge i nt haitts igniafinea sd dittiooa nl acak ,
lacwkh icihm,p ortanmtalyny o,tb ei tosw nR.e cenwto rko ns exual
subjectihvaisbt eigeustn o c halletnhgeue s uaals sociaptrieovna,l ent
eveinns omepo ststructthuirnaklioinfst gth, oe u tsi(dosefe xuraalc,i al,
ande conomoitch erwsi)ta hb senacnedl acTkh.i wso rkh asb egutno
recogntihzaeat n yo utsiidsfe o rmulaatsae cdo nsequeonfac le ack
intetrotn hsaey ls tietsm u pplemeTnhtegs r.e atthelera coknt hien side,
theg reattehren eefdo ra no utsitdoce o ntaainndt od efuistef, o r
withotuhta otu tsitdheel, a cokn t hei nsiwdoeu lbde comael tlo o
visible.4
Top roteacgta intshrtee cogniotfti holena cwki thtihnse e ltfh,se e lf
erecatnsd d efenidtsbs o rdeargsa inasnto thewrh icihs m adet o
represoertn otb ecomteh aste lfslaamceBk u.t b ordearrsne o toriously
unstabalneds, e xuiadle ntirtaireessle yc uHreet.e rosexcuaannl eivteyr
fulilgyn otrhece l opssey chipcraolx imoifit tyts e rrif(yhionmgo )sexual
othearn,y m oret hahno mosexuaclainet nyt ireeslcya tpheee qually
insisstoecniptar le ssuorf(e hse tero)sexual Eaccoinhshf aournmtietdy .
byt heo thebru,th eraeg aiinti st heo thewrh oc ometso s tanidn
metonymicaltlhyve e rfoyoc rc urreonfhc aeu ntianngdg hostvliys ita
tionAs s.t rikfienagt ourfme a nyo ft hee ssays coilntl heivcsot leudm e
isa f ascinawtiittohhn es pectoefar b jectaic oenr,t apirneo ccupation
witthh efi guroeft heh omosexausas lp ectaenrdp hantoams,s pirit
andr evenaansat b,j eacntdu ndeaTdh.o sien habitthiienn gs itdhee,s e
essacyosl lectsieveetmlo sy u ggecsatno, n lcyo mprehtehneod u tside
throutghhie n corporoafat n ieogna tiimvaeg e. Thiso fnp ergoacteisvse
interioriinzvaotlitvouenrns i nhgo mosexuianlsiitodyue te ,x posniontg
thheo mosexuaablj'esc itnesdi bduetts h heo mosexausat lh aeb jeacst ,·
thec ontaminaantdee dx purgated oiftn hsehi edteesr osesxuubajle ct.
4 I!n troduction
Homosexuparlo ducteimoenr guensd etrh esien hospictoanbdliet ions
asa kinodf g host�wral twirnigt,iw nhgi cihs a to ncae recognition
anda refuosaftl h ec ulturreaplr esentoaf"t tihoheno mosexual" as
phantoOmt her.
Paradoxictahle"l gyh,o stionfhg o"m osexuacloiitnyc iwdietsih t s
"birtfho,tr"h hei stormiocmaelno tf t hfier satp pearaonftc hehe o mo�
,,
sexuaasal " specireast"ht ehra n" tae mporaabreyr rat5ai losnmoa rks
them omenotf t hheo mosexudails'asp pearancteh-ceil notsToeh ta.t
thefi rscto rninogu tw asa lssoi multaneao culsolsye ttihnagtt;h e
homosexudaelb'uostn ttoh set aogfeh istoriidceanlt iwtaisae sms u ch
ane greassas n e ntrayn;dt hatth per ioroirt y" firstonfhe osmso"s exu
alitwyh,i cphr ecedheedt erosexiunWa elsitteyur sna gbey a s tartling
elevyeena rnso,n6e thecloeuslnsdo tp reemipttrs e legattosi eocno ndary
stataulstl:h esfea ctohrisgh liignht th,ev ierr cyo ntradicttohrei ness,
ambiguooupse ratoifoi nnsas n do ut"sO.u tc"a nnhoetl bpu tt oc arry
a doublvea lenfcoerg aya ndl esbisaunb jeOctns t.h eo neh andi,t
conjuurpet sh eex terioofrt ihtney e gatived-etvhael uoerod u tlawed
termi nt heh etero/hboimnoa rOyn. t heo thehra ndi,ts uggetshtes
proceosfcs o minogu t-am ovemeinntt aom etaphyosfip crse sence,
speecahn,dc ultuvriasli biTlhiept rye.p osi"toiuotan"l wasyusp ports
thidso ubsleen soefi nvisi(btipolu itot uyt a)n dv isib(itlboir tiyno gu t),
often exceeveedtnih nisgsi mptleen siiontn h ec onfuseendt anglement
generabtyea dh osotf o thearc tiavses ociations.7
Tob eo uti,nc ommogna yp arlanicspe r,e citsoeb leny o l ongoeurt ;
tob eo uti st ob efi naloluyt siodfee x teriaonrdia tlytl h ee xclusions
andd eprivastuicoohnu st siderihmopoods Oers,.p uta nothweary t,o
beo uti sr ealtloby e i n-instihdreee alomft hvei sitbhlese,p eakable,
thec ulturianltleyl liBguittb hlien.ag rsse tinlolts oc leafro,rt oc ome
outc ana lswoo rkn ott os ituoanteeo nt hei nsibduett oj ettiosnoen
froimt T.h er ecent porfa" cotuitcieno gfe, x"p osing welplu-bklniocw n
figuraessc losheotm osexuias(l asm,o nogt hetrh ingasna) t tempt to
demonsttrhaattteh erhea vbee eonu tsidoentr hse inside Taol l along.
"outa"n i nsidiefir th, a sa nye ffeactat l cla,n a se asiplrye cipitthaatt e
figuref'asfl rlo pmo wearn dp rivialsei gctea nf aciltihtreai tsoeef o ther
gayasn dl esbitaon sp osiotfii onnfsl ueanncdae u thority. oBfe cause
thei nfinitpeelrym eaabnldes hifting bobuentdwaerieinnes si daensd
outsitdheepso ,l itriicsaoklrse ffeocfto su tianrgae l waiynsc alculable.
Recentilnty h,ae c ademsyo,m ew oulsda yt haitti s" int"o b e" out."
An avant-gaafrfidneif totyrh lei minsapla coeft hem arginal energizes
manyo ft hosdei scipalnidnp erso gra(mWso menS'tsu dies, African
AmericSatnu diNefsu,l ticulturaslt irSlotluu tdiindeeesln)yi esdu £fi�
