Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Second Edition

564 Pages·2008·10.52 MB·English

by  Nation

Insect Physiology
and Biochemistry
Second Edition
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Insect Physiology
and Biochemistry
Second Edition
James L. Nation
Department of Entomology and Nematology
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A.
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Cover photo by Rochelle Carlson Nation.
CRC Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Nation, James L.
Insect physiology and biochemistry / James L. Nation.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4200-6177-2 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Insects--Physiology. I. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Insects--physiology. QL 495 N277i 2008]
QL495.N37 2008
571.1’57--dc22 2007045323
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
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Contents
Preface..............................................................................................................................................vii
Author ...............................................................................................................................................ix
Chapter 1
Embryogenesis ...................................................................................................................................1
Chapter 2
Digestion ..........................................................................................................................................29
Chapter 3
Nutrition ...........................................................................................................................................69
Chapter 4
Integument .......................................................................................................................................91
Chapter 5
Hormones and Development ..........................................................................................................123
Chapter 6
Diapause .........................................................................................................................................161
Chapter 7
Intermediary Metabolism ..............................................................................................................177
Chapter 8
Neuroanatomy ................................................................................................................................205
Chapter 9
Neurophysiology ............................................................................................................................233
Chapter 10
Muscles ..........................................................................................................................................255
Chapter 11
Insect Flight ...................................................................................................................................279
Chapter 12
Sensory Systems ............................................................................................................................295
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vi Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Second Edition
Chapter 13
Vision .............................................................................................................................................315
Chapter 14
Circulatory System.........................................................................................................................339
Chapter 15
Immunity .......................................................................................................................................367
Chapter 16
Respiration .....................................................................................................................................385
Chapter 17
Excretion ........................................................................................................................................417
Chapter 18
Pheromones ....................................................................................................................................447
Chapter 19
Reproduction ..................................................................................................................................483
Appendix .......................................................................................................................................511
Index ..............................................................................................................................................517
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Preface
In this second edition of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, the chapter topics of the first edition
have been retained and four new chapters have been added. Two of the new chapters (Chapter 6,
Diapause, and Chapter 15, Immunity) cover topics and material not included in the first edition.
Several anonymous reviewers of the first edition suggested that diapause and immunity needed to
be included in any future edition, and I thank these reviewers for this advice. I also thank Dan Hahn
for discussions of diapause and for valuable criticism and advice on Chapter 6, as well as Drion
Boucias for helpful criticism and advice on immunity in Chapter 15. I take responsibility, however,
for any shortcomings or errors in these chapters.
Flight and Vision have been expanded into new chapters (Chapters 11 and 13, respectively)
because of the large amount of new material discovered on the mechanics and dynamics of flight
and color vision. New references have been added to each of the earlier chapters, as well as to the
new chapters, so the book now includes nearly 1800 references to the literature. Published work in
insect physiology and biochemistry seems to be expanding exponentially, and students and scien-
tists need a guide to the literature. References from the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, and a few even
earlier, have been retained because I think it is important to have an understanding of how insect
physiology developed. I have been frustrated while reading books that supply few or no references
to the literature with statements or views that I would like to check to see if my interpretation agrees
with the author’s view. Just knowing facts usually is not as satisfying to me as knowing the evidence
that supports why and how we know, or think we know, something.
As in the first edition, my goal has been to provide a textbook that will serve advanced under-
graduate and graduate students studying entomology and/or zoology, and for working scientists in
molecular biology, genetics, endocrinology, virology, microbiology, and plant sciences who may
have limited experience, but have an interest in the broader field of insect physiology. Teachers of
college and university courses in insect physiology likely will have to be somewhat selective in how
much of the book to cover in a one-semester course. I hope students will find the book interesting
to read, and find it useful as a reference source as they go through graduate school and into one of
the life sciences as a profession.
I thank again those who aided and encouraged the first edition: Glenn Hall, Marie Nation Becker,
Jon Harrison, Tom Miller, Kathy Milne, Christine Andreasen, and anonymous reviewers, because
without their help I would not be doing a revision. I thank John Sulzycki for continuous encourage-
ment with the first edition and this revision, and Pat Roberson, Jennifer Smith, and Zoe Tzanev at
Taylor & Francis Group for editorial help with the revision. I appreciate the numerous illustrations
that colleagues have let me use, and acknowledgment accompanies the appropriate illustrations in
the book. Illustrations enhance a textbook, and I have tried to find and use good, illustrative ones. I
thank Taylor & Francis Group for allowing several pages of color photos. I appreciate, as well, the
permission that has been given to use many published figures. Finally, I thank my wife, Dorothy, for
continued support and patience with this revision.
James L. Nation
Professor Emeritus, Department of Entomology and Nematology
University of Florida, Gainesville
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Author
James L. Nation, Ph.D., is professor of entomology at the University of Florida, Gainesville. He
has a B.S. in entomology with a major in chemistry from Mississippi State University and a Ph.D.
in entomology from Cornell University, where he specialized in insect physiology with a minor in
insect biochemistry. He taught and conducted research at the University of Florida for 43 years,
from 1960 until retirement in 2003. His primary teaching was in insect physiology, insect biochem-
istry, and an honors course in global environmental issues. Research activities include nitrogen
excretion, pheromones, cuticular hydrocarbons, and butterfly nutrition and rearing. He served as
associate editor of Florida Entomologist from 1967 to 1969, as an editor of the Journal of Chemical
Ecology from 1994 to 2000, and since 2004, as editor of Florida Entomologist, the official scientific
journal of the Florida Entomological Society. He has continued occasional teaching at University of
Florida, City College in Gainesville, and introduced a graduate level course in Insect Physiology at
Florida A & M University in Tallahassee in 2006 (taught via interactive television). He is active in
volunteer activities and in gardening.
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