Table Of ContentStudies in Systems, Decision and Control 33
Aleksander Nawrat
Karol Jędrasiak Editors
Innovative
Simulation
Systems
Studies in Systems, Decision and Control
Volume 33
Series editor
Janusz Kacprzyk, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
e-mail: [email protected]
About this Series
The series “Studies in Systems, Decision and Control” (SSDC) covers both new
developments and advances, as well as the state of the art, in the various areas of
broadly perceived systems, decision making and control- quickly, up to date and
withahighquality.Theintentistocoverthetheory,applications,andperspectives
on the state of the art and future developments relevant to systems, decision
making,control,complexprocessesandrelatedareas, asembeddedinthefieldsof
engineering,computerscience,physics,economics,socialandlifesciences,aswell
astheparadigmsandmethodologiesbehindthem.Theseriescontainsmonographs,
textbooks, lecture notes and edited volumes in systems, decision making and
control spanning the areas of Cyber-Physical Systems, Autonomous Systems,
Sensor Networks, Control Systems, Energy Systems, Automotive Systems, Bio-
logical Systems, Vehicular Networking and Connected Vehicles, Aerospace Sys-
tems, Automation, Manufacturing, Smart Grids, Nonlinear Systems, Power
Systems, Robotics, Social Systems, Economic Systems and other. Of particular
valuetoboththecontributorsandthereadershiparetheshortpublicationtimeframe
and the world-wide distribution and exposure which enable both a wide and rapid
dissemination of research output.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13304
ę
Aleksander Nawrat Karol J drasiak
(cid:129)
Editors
Innovative Simulation
Systems
123
Editors
Aleksander Nawrat KarolJędrasiak
Institute of Automatic Control Institute of Automatic Control
Silesian University of Technology Silesian University of Technology
Gliwice Gliwice
Poland Poland
ISSN 2198-4182 ISSN 2198-4190 (electronic)
Studies in Systems,DecisionandControl
ISBN978-3-319-21117-6 ISBN978-3-319-21118-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-21118-3
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015943839
SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2016
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart
of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission
orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar
methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom
therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this
book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the
authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor
foranyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.
Printedonacid-freepaper
SpringerInternationalPublishingAGSwitzerlandispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia
(www.springer.com)
Be nice to people on your way up
because you meet them on your way down.
Jimmy Durante
Preface
The book has been motivated by rapid development of technology allowing us to
create innovative simulation systems designed to deliver broader content; at the
same time enhancing educational opportunities and reducing the economic cost of
teaching, in particular, in areas such as national defense, medicine, or sport. The
conceptofasimulationsystemisextensiveandcontainshigh-growthareassuchas
augmented reality or design and construction of unmanned vehicles.
Augmented reality (AR) is a term used to describe the process of enriching the
perception of the real world with digital elements, generated by a computer.
“Augmentation” of reality is typically performed in real time and in a contextual
conformity with the observed real world. Mainly, the information added is a
multimedia extension of the senses of the observer. Many research groups are
workingonprojectsandimplementationofsimulationsystemscontainingelements
of AR, which are used in many fields such as navigation, rehabilitation, enter-
tainment, and video surveillance of the city.
ThemainaimofdesignandconstructionofUAVsistheirpracticalapplication.
However, their design is a lengthy process and requires intensive evaluation using
both simulation and experimental data. Human perception is limited to tracking in
full concentration only seven elements simultaneously. Control of unmanned
vehicle and analysis of data recorded by the payload of unmanned vehicles is a
significant excess of information for human and negatively impacts its analytical
capabilities. Therefore, it is often necessary to apply amendments based on the
actual real life experience of the application.
The goal of this monograph is to provide comprehensive guidelines on the
current and future trends of innovative simulation systems; in particular, their
important components, such as augmented reality and unmanned vehicles.
The book consists of three parts: Vision-based Information for Innovative
Simulation Systems, Design, Construction and Analysis for Purpose of Innovative
SystemsandDesignandEvaluationofControlAlgorithms.Eachpartpresentsgood
practices, new methods, concepts of systems, and new algorithms. Presented
challenges and solutions are the results of research conducted by the contributing
authors.
vii
viii Preface
Themonographcanbeavaluablesourceofinformationforthoseincontactwith
the design and creation of innovative simulation systems as researchers, pro-
grammers, designers, engineers, and users. The book is addressed to a wide audi-
ence: academic staff, representatives of research institutions, employees of
companiesandgovernmentagenciesaswellasstudentsandgraduatesoftechnical
universities in the country and abroad. We took an effort to present multiple
solutions and challenges in the fields above. The authors encourage to actively
explore the following chapters of the book and, in case of questions or concerns,
invite you to an open and frank discussion of these matters.
In conclusion, the main features of the book are the following:
1. The book describes and evaluates the current state of knowledge in the field of
innovative simulation systems.
2. Throughout the chapters there are presented current issues and concepts of
systems, technology, equipment, tools, research challenges and current, past,
and future applications of simulation systems.
We would like to thank the authors for their contributions. Without their
knowledge, experience, and commitment this monograph would have never
appeared. We also thank the reviewers, editors, and staff of Springer for their
support during the creation of this monograph.
Gliwice Aleksander Nawrat
April 2015 Karol Jędrasiak
Acknowledgment
The work was financially supported by NCBiR grant POIG 02.03.01-24-099
GeCONiI—Upper Silesian Centre for Computational Science and Engineering.
ix
Contents
Part I Vision-Based Information for Innovative Simulation
Systems
Minimizing the Image Resolution in Order to Increase
the Computing Speed Without Losing the Separation
of the Recognised Patterns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Zygmunt Kuś and Aleksander Nawrat
The Method of Guaranteeing the Separation Between
the Recognised Object and Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Zygmunt Kuś and Aleksander Nawrat
The Method of Developing the Invariant Functions Vector
for Objects Recognition from a Given Objects Set. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Zygmunt Kuś and Aleksander Nawrat
Adjusting the Thresholds to the Recognised Pattern in Order
to Improve the Separation Between the Recognised Patterns. . . . . . . . 47
Zygmunt Kuś and Aleksander Nawrat
The Concept of an Active Thermal Camouflage for
Friend-Foe Identification System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Paulina Wilk, Tomasz Targiel, Dawid Sobel, Jan Kwiatkowski,
Karol Jędrasiak and Aleksander Nawrat
Augmented Reality in UAVs Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Paweł Iwaneczko, Karol Jędrasiak and Aleksander Nawrat
xi
