Table Of ContentINNOVATIVE ENERGY CONVERSION
FROM BIOMASS WASTE
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INNOVATIVE ENERGY CONVERSION
FROM BIOMASS WASTE
Arif Darmawan
Agency for the Assessment and Application of
Technology (BPPT), Puspiptek Serpong,
Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia
Muhammad Aziz
Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo,
Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Elsevier
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Contents
Contributors ix
1. An overview of biomass waste utilization 1
ArifDarmawanand MuhammadAziz
1.1 Introduction: energy,sustainability, andefficiency 1
1.2 Globalenergysituation 4
1.3 Biomasswasteasrenewableenergy 9
1.4 Biomasswasteproperties 14
1.5 Biomasswastepotential 16
References 20
2. Process and products of biomass conversion technology 25
ArifDarmawanand MuhammadAziz
2.1 Biomassupgrading 25
2.2 Thermochemical conversion 28
2.3 Biochemical conversion 43
2.4 Correlatedtechnologies 49
References 54
3. Application of exergy analysis and enhanced process
integration 61
ArifDarmawanand MuhammadAziz
3.1 Thefirstlawofthermodynamicsmassandenergyratebalancesfora
steadyflowprocess 62
3.2 Thesecondlawofthermodynamicsandentropy 65
3.3 Exergyconcept 69
3.4 Exergyanalysisofbiomassconversion process 80
3.5 Processmodelingandexergyefficiency improvement 83
3.6 Enhancedprocess integration:newapproach 95
3.7 Integrated cogenerationsystemfrombiomassadopting enhanced
processintegration: anexample 101
References 103
v
vi Contents
4. Proposed integrated system from black liquor 107
ArifDarmawan, MuhammadAzizandKoji Tokimatsu
4.1 Conventionalenergyrecoveryfromblack liquor 108
4.2 Bio-basedproposed systememployingevaporation,gasification,and
combinedcycle 113
4.3 Blackliquorebasedhydrogen andpowercoproductioncombining
supercritical watergasification(SCWG)andchemical looping 122
4.4 Efficientblack liquorcogenerationofhydrogenandelectricityvia
gasificationandsyngas chemicallooping 129
4.5 Coproduction ofpower andammoniafromblack liquor 138
References 146
5. Integrated ammonia production from the empty fruit
bunch 149
ArifDarmawan, MuhammadAziz,Muhammad W.Ajiwibowo,
Muhammad KuntaBiddinika, KojiTokimatsu andBaskoroLokahita
5.1 Ammoniaforhydrogenstorage 152
5.2 Studiesonammoniaproduction 156
5.3 Efficientammoniaproductionfromemptyfruitbunch via
hydrothermalgasification,syngaschemical looping,and
NH synthesis 158
3
5.4 Directammoniaproductionviaacombinationofcarbonization and
thermochemical cyclefromtheemptyfruitbunch 169
References 183
6. Integrated systems from agricultural waste for power
generation 187
ArifDarmawan, MuhammadAziz,Muhammad KuntaBiddinika and
Koji Tokimatsu
6.1 Integratedsystemofriceproductionandelectricity
generation 188
6.2 Coalcofiringofhydrothermal-treated emptyfruit bunch 203
6.3 Conclusion 210
References 210
Contents vii
7. Exergoeconomic, exergoenvironmental, and conclusion 213
ArifDarmawanand MuhammadAziz
7.1 Exergoeconomic andexergoenvironmental analysis 213
7.2 Summaryofthebook, limitations,andthemainconclusion 216
7.3 Mainconclusion 219
References 219
Index 221
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Contributors
Muhammad W.Ajiwibowo
Department ofMechanical Engineering,Universityof Indonesia,Depok,Indonesia
Muhammad Aziz
Instituteof IndustrialScience,TheUniversity ofTokyo,Meguro-ku, Tokyo,Japan
Muhammad KuntaBiddinika
Faculty ofIndustrialTechnology, Universitas AhmadDahlan,Indonesia
ArifDarmawan
Agencyfor theAssessment andApplicationofTechnology (BPPT),PuspiptekSerpong,
Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia
BaskoroLokahita
Department ofTransdisciplinary ScienceandEngineering, TokyoInstituteof
Technology, Midori-ku,Yokohama, Kanagawa,Japan
Koji Tokimatsu
Department ofTransdisciplinary ScienceandEngineering, TokyoInstituteof
Technology, Midori-ku,Yokohama, Kanagawa,Japan
ix
