Table Of ContentCheri J. Shapiro · Charlyn Harper Browne
Editors
Innovative
Approaches
to Supporting
Families of
Young Children
Innovative Approaches to Supporting Families
of Young Children
Cheri J. Shapiro Charlyn Harper Browne
(cid:129)
Editors
Innovative Approaches
to Supporting Families
of Young Children
123
Editors
CheriJ.Shapiro CharlynHarper Browne
Institute for Families in Society Centerfor the Studyof Social Policy
University of SouthCarolina Washington, DC
Columbia, SC USA
USA
ISBN978-3-319-39057-4 ISBN978-3-319-39059-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-39059-8
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016943873
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Preface
Inthisvolume,weadoptasystems-contextualviewofsupportingfamiliesofyoung
children. Raising happy, healthy, competent, and confident young people requires
environmentsatmanylevelsthatsupportpositivedevelopment.Thismeansparents
and caregivers who understand how to help children grow and thrive, accessible
and effective supports for parents and caregivers in need, early care and education
settingsthatarelovingandinteresting,healthcareprovidersthattakeakeeninterest
in promoting overall child well-being, neighborhoods that are safe, nurturing, and
supportive, and public policies that enable and support caregivers to focus on the
bestfortheirchildren.Together,wewillexplorethesemanyfacetstopromoteand
strengthen outcomes for families of young children.
Chapters in this volume are organized to reflect multiple levels of the social
ecology for children. We begin with the most proximal environments, including
parents and early care and education providers. We then move to more distal but
nonetheless critical environments, including primary healthcare settings and
neighborhoods. We then turn to the fabric within which all environments are
embedded—thepolicyenvironment.Lastly,werespondwithasummaryandcallto
action, helping us to pave the way for building and promoting strong supports for
families of young children well into the future.
Throughoutthisvolume,wewillstandontheshouldersofgiants,remembering
that we can imagine and hope while simultaneously acting in a way to change the
world for families of young children for the better. Use this volume well.
Columbia, USA Cheri J. Shapiro
Washington, USA Charlyn Harper Browne
v
Contents
The Strengthening Families Approach and Protective Factors
Framework™: A Pathway to Healthy Development and Well-Being . . . 1
Charlyn Harper Browne
Parent- and Community-focused Approaches to Supporting
Parents of Young Children: The Family Networks Project . . . . . . . . . . 25
Cheri J. Shapiro
Honoring Parenting Values, Expectations, and Approaches
Across Cultures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Charlyn Harper Browne, Chrissie Castro and Panu Lucier
Strong Start for Families: An Innovative Use of High Fidelity
Wraparound with Mothers in Early Recovery from Substance
Use Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
M. Kay Teel
Building Young Children’s Social–Emotional Competence
at Home and in Early Care and Education Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Charlyn Harper Browne and Cheri J. Shapiro
Promoting Early Childhood Development in the Pediatric
Medical Home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
John C. Duby
Neighborhood Approaches to Supporting Families
of Young Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Joyce Elizabeth Dean, James T. Seymour and Steven Rider
vii
viii Contents
Public Policy Strategies to Promote the Well-Being of Families
with Young Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Megan C. Martin
From Thought to Action: Bridging the Gap in Early Childhood
for Our Most Vulnerable Children and Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Melissa Lim Brodowski and Shannon Rudisill
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Contributors
MelissaLimBrodowski OfficeofEarlyChildhoodDevelopment,Administration
for Children and Families, US Department of Health and Human Services,
Washington, DC, USA
Chrissie Castro Los Angeles/City County Native American Indian Commission,
Los Angeles, CA, USA
Joyce Elizabeth Dean Dean/Ross Associates, Eugene, OR, USA
John C. Duby Department of Pediatrics, Wright State University Boonshoft
School of Medicine, Dayton Children’s Hospital, Dayton, OH, USA
CharlynHarperBrowne CenterfortheStudyofSocialPolicy,Washington,DC,
USA
Panu Lucier Crane Song Consulting, Anchorage, AK, USA
Megan C. Martin Center for the Study of Social Policy, Washington, DC, USA
Steven Rider Pacific Research and Evaluation, Portland, OR, USA
Shannon Rudisill Administration for Children and Families, US Department of
Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA
James T. Seymour Catholic Community Services of the Mid-Willamette Valley
and Central Coast, Salem, OR, USA
Cheri J. Shapiro Institute for Families in Society, College of Social Work,
University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
M. Kay Teel University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
ix
The Strengthening Families Approach
™
and Protective Factors Framework :
A Pathway to Healthy Development
and Well-Being
Charlyn Harper Browne
The Strengthening Families Approach and Protective Factors Framework™ was
introduced bythe Center for theStudy ofSocial Policyin2003 asan initiative for
preventingchildabuseandneglectinfamiliesofchildrenbirth—5 yearsold.Since
its introduction, the Strengthening Families Approach and Protective Factors
Frameworkhasbeenimplementedinstatesinoneormorekeyareas,inadditionto
child abuse and neglect prevention, specifically early care and education, home
visiting, and child welfare. At the core of the Strengthening Families approach are
five protective factors which research suggests mitigate the effect of exposure to
risk factors and promote healthy family and child development and well-being.
Although the Strengthening Families approach is most often implemented in con-
texts that serve children and families whose circumstances increase the likelihood
of poor outcomes, the five protective factors are regarded as essential to help keep
all families strong. The protective factors of focus in the Strengthening Families
approach are: parental resilience, social connections, knowledge of parenting and
child development, social and emotional competence of children, and concrete
supportintimesofneed.Thischapterwilldescribetheresearchatthefoundationof
thisapproachandthefiveprotectivefactorsandrecommendationsforapplicationin
child- and parent-serving programs.
Background
Research in the fields of neuroscience, pediatrics, and developmental psychology
has provided extensive evidence that the nature and quality of young children’s
earliest environments, relationships, and experiences influence whether the devel-
C.HarperBrowne(&)
CenterfortheStudyofSocialPolicy,Washington,DC,USA
e-mail:[email protected]
©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2016 1
C.J.ShapiroandC.HarperBrowne(eds.),InnovativeApproachestoSupporting
FamiliesofYoungChildren,DOI10.1007/978-3-319-39059-8_1
2 C.HarperBrowne
oping brain will have a strong or weak foundation for later cognitive, social, and
emotional development (Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University
2010; National Scientific Council on the Developing Child 2007, 2010; Shonkoff
et al. 2012). Studies show that early growth-promoting environments (e.g., ade-
quatenutrition,regularlyscheduledperiodsofsleep,andopportunitiesforphysical
activity), coupled with consistently nurturing and responsive care, prepare the
developingbraintofunctionoptimally.Conversely,inadequateearlyenvironments,
relationships, and experiences—such as child abuse and neglect—can be detri-
mental to the developing brain (National Scientific Council on the Developing
Child 2007).
Early childhood is the period in which children are at greatest risk of experi-
encing abuse or neglect (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,
Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and
Families,Children’sBureau2015)andaremostvulnerabletotheeffectsofabuseor
neglect (Shonkoff et al. 2012). Studies have found a relationship between child
maltreatment and a broad range of developmental problems that can have both an
immediate and enduring impact on learning, logical reasoning, socialization,
emotional expression, and executive functions, if not properly addressed (Pynoos
etal. 2007; Shonkoffet al.2012; Ziegler2011). Early childhood isalso theperiod
of greatest opportunity for preventing or mitigating adverse experiences and
re-setting the developmental trajectoryof traumatized youngchildrentowardmore
adaptive outcomes via interventions that shift the balance between risk factors and
protective factors (Brazelton and Greenspan 2000; National Scientific Council on
the Developing Child 2010; National Research Council and Institute of Medicine
2000).
Strengthening Families: A Primary Prevention
and Promotion Approach
The Strengthening Families Approach and Protective Factors Framework™
(Strengthening Families) was introduced by the Center for the Study of Social
Policy in 2003 as a research-informed initiative for preventing child abuse and
neglect in families of children birth—5 years old. While the focus of traditional
prevention efforts is on risk factors and the goal is to reduce the likelihood of the
recurrence of child maltreatment once it has already happened in a family, the
Strengthening Families approach is consistent with numerous researchers’ recom-
mended shift in the field of child maltreatment to a primary prevention and pro-
motion approach (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for
Injury PreventionandControl,Division ofViolencePrevention2014;Stagner and
Lansing2009).Thatis,theStrengtheningFamilies approachfocusesonincreasing
familyprotectivefactors,andnotsingularlyondecreasingriskfactors,asapathway
toreducethelikelihoodofchildmaltreatmentbeforeitoccurs,andtostrengthenthe
