Table Of ContentInnovations in Green
Nanoscience and
Nanotechnology
This book discusses how greener synthetic pathways are amenable and productive for the synthesis
of novel nanomaterials. It furthers the integration of advances in green nanoscience and nanotech-
nology, including pathways dedicated to the design, development, and fabrication of a range of
products and devices. Topics such as green nanotechnology for advanced energy systems, sustain-
able delivery systems, medicine, a gri-nanotechnology for sustainable agriculture, nanotechnology
in crop protection, and nanotechnology for soil conservation are included.
Features
• Provides a holistic view of green nanotechnology and its applications
• Places an emphasis on synthesis, characterization, and applications of green nanomaterials
• Discusses the development of innovative green synthetic pathways to produce novel
biomaterials
• Includes characterization tools used in the material synthesis via green synthetic pathways
• Advocates green nanotechnology solutions for sustainability and energy
This book is aimed at researchers and professionals in nanotechnology, green chemistry, and chemi-
cal engineering.
Emerging Materials and Technologies
Series Editor: Boris I. Kharissov
The Emerging Materials and Technologies series is devoted to highlighting publications centered
on emerging advanced materials and novel technologies. Attention is paid to those newly discov-
ered or applied materials with potential to solve pressing societal problems and improve quality of
life, corresponding to environmental protection, medicine, communications, energy, transportation,
advanced manufacturing, and related areas.
The series takes into account that, under present strong demands for energy, material, and cost
savings, as well as heavy contamination problems and worldwide pandemic conditions, the area
of emerging materials and related scalable technologies is a highly interdisciplinary field, with the
need for researchers, professionals, and academics across the spectrum of engineering and techno-
logical disciplines. The main objective of this book series is to attract more attention to these mate-
rials and technologies and invite conversation among the international R&D community.
Emerging Nanomaterials for Catalysis and Sensor Applications
Edited by Anitha Varghese and Gurumurthy Hegde
Advanced Materials for a Sustainable Environment: Development Strategies and Applications
Edited by Naveen Kumar and Peter Ramashadi Makgwane
Nanomaterials from Renewable Resources for Emerging Applications
Edited by Sandeep S. Ahankari, Amar K. Mohanty, and Manjusri Misra
Multifunctional Polymeric Foams: Advancements and Innovative Approaches
Edited by Soney C George and Resmi B. P.
Nanotechnology Platforms for Antiviral Challenges: Fundamentals, Applications and Advances
Edited by Soney C George and Ann Rose Abraham
Carbon-Based Conductive Polymer Composites: Processing, Properties, and Applications in
Flexible Strain Sensors
Dong Xiang
Nanocarbons: Preparation, Assessments, and Applications
Ashwini P. Alegaonkar and Prashant S. Alegaonkar
Emerging Applications of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene
Edited by Bhanu Pratap Singh and Kiran M. Subhedar
Micro to Quantum Supercapacitor Devices: Fundamentals and Applications
Abha Misra
Application of Numerical Methods in Civil Engineering Problems
M.S.H. Al-Furjan, M. Rabani Bidgoli, Reza Kolahchi, A. Farrokhian, and M.R. Bayati
For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/Emerging-Materials-and-
Technologies/book-series/CRCEMT
Innovations in Green
Nanoscience and
Nanotechnology
Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications
Edited by
Shrikaant Kulkarni
First edition published 2023
by CRC Press
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and by CRC Press
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CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
© 2023 selection and editorial matter, Shrikaant Kulkarni; individual chapters, the contributors
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Kulkarni, Shrikaant, editor.
Title: Innovations in green nanoscience and nanotechnology : synthesis,
characterization, and applications / edited by Shrikaant Kulkarni.
Description: First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2023. |
Series: Emerging materials and technologies | Includes bibliographical references and index. |
Identifiers: LCCN 2022033774 (print) | LCCN 2022033775 (ebook) |
ISBN 9781032333281 (hbk) | ISBN 9781032333298 (pbk) |
ISBN 9781003319153 (ebk)
Subjects: LCSH: Nanotechnology. | Green chemistry.
Classification: LCC T174.7 .I488 2023 (print) | LCC T174.7 (ebook) |
DDC 620/.5–dc23/eng/20221006
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022033774
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022033775
ISBN: 978- 1- 032- 33328-1 ( hbk)
ISBN: 978- 1- 032- 33329-8 ( pbk)
ISBN: 978- 1- 003- 31915-3 ( ebk)
DOI: 10.1201/ 9781003319153
Typeset in Times
by codeMantra
Contents
Preface..............................................................................................................................................vii
Editor ................................................................................................................................................ix
Contributors ......................................................................................................................................xi
Section i G reen nanomaterials: Synthesis
and characterization
Chapter 1 Green Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Quantum Dots ......................3
Varinder Singh, Heena, and Jatinder Singh Aulakh
Chapter 2 Biopolymer-Based Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications ....15
Shweta Kashid and Kalpana Joshi
Chapter 3 Enhancement of Permeation Rate of Rifabutin Using Encapsulation
of L ipid-Based Nanoparticles through Chicken Ileum by Statistical
Optimization Approach ..............................................................................................61
Om M. Bagade and Priyanka E. Doke-Bagade
Chapter 4 Green Synthesis of Visible Light-Driven g -C N -Based Composites for
3 4
Wastewater Treatment ................................................................................................91
Akash Balakrishnan and Mahendra Chinthala
Chapter 5 P lant-Based Antimicrobial Nanofilms .....................................................................105
Kavita Kulkarni, Yogesh Chendake, and Anand Kulkarni
Section ii G reen nanomaterials: Applications in
Bio-Medicine, Drug Delivery,
energy, Sensing and other
Chapter 6 Natural Origin Biodegradable Polymer Bandages and Structures Loaded
with Nanomedicines for Biomedical Applications ..................................................123
Sonali Dhamal, Yogesh Chendake, and Sachin Chavan
Chapter 7 Callus-Derived Bioactive Nanomaterials for Sustainable Drug Delivery ...............133
Neha Saini, Prem Pandey, and Atul Kulkarni
v
vi Contents
Chapter 8 Green and E nvironment-Friendly Graphene Quantum Dots ( GQDs) with
State- of- the-Art Performance for Sustainable Energy Conversion and Storage ......147
Shikha Gulati, Sanjay Kumar, and Suvidha Sehrawat
Chapter 9 Green Nanotechnology: Applications in Medicine ..................................................167
Anam Rais, Itika Varshney, Sunil Kumar, Vimal Kumar, and Tulika Prasad
Chapter 10 The Era of Green Nanomaterials for Sensing ..........................................................209
Shashwati Wankar, Swapnali Walake, Rutuja Gumathannavar, Nidhi Sapre,
and Atul Kulkarni
Chapter 11 Agro-Industrial Wastes-Derived Carbon Nanomaterials: Synthesis and
Multi-faceted Applications .......................................................................................227
Sakshi Kabra Malpani, Rajesh Kumar Meena, Stuti Katara, and Deepti Goyal
Section iii Green nanomaterials: case Studies
Chapter 12 Case Studies on Applications of Green Nanotechnology ........................................257
Nidhi Jain and Mona Kejariwal
Chapter 13 Case Studies on Multifunctional Green Quantum Dots – From Lab Bench to
Commercialization ...................................................................................................273
Sayoni Sarkar and Ajit R. Kulkarni
Index ..............................................................................................................................................291
Preface
Sustainable development has become a buzz word in the world today. It has driven the inclusive
development of the coming generations by means of judiciously using available natural resources
among humans and the ecosystems wherein they sustain. Over the years, we have witnessed a sig-
nificant loss of ecology due to the overuse of resources bestowed upon us by nature apart from the
application of synthetically derived materials on a large scale. This vexed context asks for right and
sustainable measures such as the use of eco-friendly materials for the cause of preservation of the
sanctity of ecology. Therefore, new vistas have to be opened for the cause of the advancement of
novel, green, and sustainable materials in tandem with the applications so as to sustain the ecology
and planet earth such that earth remains a planet worth living for generations to come. Indeed, the
attainment of sustainable development goals has emerged as a movement at global level that covers
the design and adoption of new synthesis routes and modifications of the existing pathways with the
help of green and environmentally friendly materials and protocols. These approaches showcase the
development of capabilities for the cause of conservation and sustenance of resources for providing
better service to the generations of humanity.
Adoption, application, and advancement in green and sustainable nanomaterials is one such mea-
sure that covers the synthesis and fabrication of nanomaterials, development of process technolo-
gies, and optimization of processes, other than testing, studying their functional behavior, stability,
reproducibility, durability, etc. Further, future trends in these materials will largely focus on the
sustenance in R&D initiatives. This book presents advancements in the synthesis, characterization,
and applications of some state- of- the-art nanomaterials prepared by using green and sustainable
pathways in a plethora of domains such as agriculture, environmental sustainability, and biomedi-
cine. This book will also help nurture future directions in green and sustainable nanoscience and
nanotechnology.
Sustenance in the novel nanomaterials can be accomplished with the application of new synthe-
sis routes or by maneuvering existing materials having unique properties. These materials are used
in the making of equipment, instruments, and gadgets with innovative qualities and find place in a
range of application areas such as biomedicine, textiles, building, and paper. A host of current nano-
materials are known for their novelty and have been produced over the years as bio-nanomaterials,
ceramics, polymeric materials, etc. The origin of many of these materials is in nature, such as
plants, animals, ores, etc. extracted from plants and obtained in different geometrical morphologies
which are amenable to prepare composites from various materials in tune with the specific appli-
cations. Many of them are prepared synthetically with given geometries and size for fulfilling the
needs of society. The major purpose of this volume is to take a review of the advancements in the
design of nanomaterials over the time that are eco-friendly and sustainable.
Keeping in view the addition to the current knowledge base by these innovative materials
obtained by converting conceptual understanding into reality, and to bring about mass-scale pro-
duction of nanomaterials, this book consists of three sections with each one comprising some chap-
ters throwing light on one or the other aspect. The first chapter provides an overview of the use
of graphene as a thermoelectric nanomaterial for the production and conversion of green energy.
The second chapter deals with environmentally benign applications, particularly in devices used
for energy harvesting and storage applications. The third chapter dwells upon advances in high
volumetric carbon nanotubes in storing electrochemical energy. The fourth chapter encompasses
details about nanomaterial-embedded membranes as filtering media for getting rid of heavy metal
pollutants. Chapter 5 refers to the use of green nanotechnology for reinventing the phytomedicine
concept for using it to advantage. Chapter 6 is an extensive overview of how green nanomaterials
are looked upon as boon in the frontier area of biomedical engineering. Chapter 7 is all about trends
that are developed in the green synthesis of carbon-based nanostructures. Chapter 8 extensively
vii
viii Preface
discusses the applications of biodegradable polymeric materials in the field of biomedical science
and technology. C hapter 9 gives an account of the role of green nanomaterials for bringing in
sustainability in agriculture at large. Chapter 10 presents the results obtained in the form of silica
nanoparticles derived from agricultural wastes as a renewable source to be used as a novel catalyst
support material. Chapter 11 lists the futuristic applications of green and sustainable nanomaterials
in the remediation of contaminants in the environment and thereby in cleaning the environment.
Overall, this volume can certainly be used as an excellent reference book by academicians,
research scholars, practitioners, industrialists, and the scientific community who are interested in
the synthesis and applications of advanced, novel, and sustainable nanomaterials. The authors are
well-known academicians, material engineers, and researchers. I express my sincere gratitude to
the contributors of all the chapters for their timely and overwhelming support in taking this volume
to its logical end. Finally, I express my sincere thanks to CRC Press for accepting this book for
publication.
Editor
Shrikaant Kulkarni, PhD, is an Adjunct Professor in the Science and Technology Department at
Vishwakarma University, Pune, India. Dr. Kulkarni has been an academician and researcher for
39 years. He has delivered invited lectures and conducted sessions at national and international con-
ferences as well as faculty development programs. He was a Professor in the Department of Civil
Engineering at Padm. Dr. V. B. Kolte College of Engineering, Malkapur ( M.S.), India. He teaches
engineering chemistry, green chemistry, nanotechnology, analytical chemistry, catalysis, chemical
engineering materials, industrial organization, and management, to name a few. He has published
over 100 research papers in national and international journals and conferences. He has authored
36 book chapters in CRC Press, Springer Nature, AAP Press, Elsevier, Wiley, and IET books. He
has edited five books in green engineering and green nanoscience and nanotechnology published
by Apple Academic Press/ CRC Press. Another three books are in the offing. He has authored four
textbooks and worked as a resource person for many national and international events. Dr. Kulkarni
earned MSc, MPhil, and PhD degrees in chemistry in addition to master’s degrees in economics,
business management, and political science. He has expertise in the fields of material science, green
chemistry and engineering, analytical chemistry, and green nanoscience and nanotechnology.
ix
