Table Of ContentCBT-Cover:Cognition-Cover 23/5/08 12:04 PM Page 1
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ISBN 978-1-875378-77-7
Edited by Danielle A. Einstein
Australian Academic Press 9 781875378777
Innovations
and
Advances
in
Cognitive
Behaviour
Therapy
Edited by Danielle A. Einstein
First published in 2007 from a completed manuscript presented to
Australian Academic Press
32 Jeays Street
Bowen Hills Qld 4006
Australia
www.australianacademicpress.com.au
© 2007. Copyright for each contribution in the book rests with the listed authors.
All responsibility for editorial matter rests with the authors. Any views or opinions expressed
are therefore not necessarily those of Australian Academic Press.
Reproduction and communication for educational purposes
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National Library of Australia
Cataloguing-in-Publication data:
Innovations and advances in cognitive-behaviour therapy.
1st ed.
Bibliography.
Includes index.
eBook ISBN 9781875378982
1. Cognitive therapy - Textbooks. I. Einstein, Danielle A.
II. Title.
616.89142
Editing and typesetting by Australian Academic Press, Brisbane.
Contents
Introduction..........................................................................................vii
List of Contributors ..............................................................................xi
Section 1: Innovative Treatment for Specific Presentations
CHAPTER 1
A CBT-Based Therapy for Music Performance Anxiety..........................3
Ruth A. Tarrant and Janet M. Leathem
CHAPTER 2
The Treatment of Magical Ideation......................................................19
Danielle A. Einstein and Ross G. Menzies
CHAPTER 3
Mindfulness Meditation and Bipolar Disorder ....................................37
Jillian Ball, Justine Corry and Philip Mitchell
CHAPTER 4
Mindfulness as Therapy From a Buddhist Perspective..........................43
Malcolm John Huxter
CHAPTER 5
Cognitive–Behavioural Treatment of Trauma-Related..........................57
Nightmares in Children: A Developmental Adaptation
of Imagery Rehearsal Therapy
Jason S. Encel and Hayley K. Dohnt
CHAPTER 6
Treatment Programs for Children With Selective Mutism....................69
Elizabeth Ann Woodcock, Maria Ivanka Milic and Susan G. Johnson
CHAPTER 7
Developing and Delivering Computer-Based CBT................................83
for Anxiety Disorders in Young People
Mike J. Cunningham, Caroline L. Donovan and Sonja March
iii
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 8
Cognitive Therapy With Older Adults: ..............................................101
Are Adaptations Necessary?
Deborah-Anne Koder
CHAPTER 9
The Application of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy................113
to Chronic Pain
Anthony Merritt, Susan Pervan and Jo Sheedy
CHAPTER 10
From Passive Acceptance to Active Engagement:................................123
The Path of CBT for Psychosis
Julia Shearsby, Peter Walker and Zachary Steel
Section 2: Treatment Comparisons
CHAPTER 11
Cognitive Therapy Enhanced With Emotive Techniques ....................145
in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder
Jillian Ball, Ashleigh Skillecorn, Justine Corry and Philip Mitchell
CHAPTER 12
Enhancing Outcomes in the Treatment of Generalised ......................157
Anxiety Disorder
Maree Abbott
CHAPTER 13
Can Motivational Enhancement Therapy Improve a Cognitive..........171
Behaviourally Based Inpatient Program for Eating Disorders?
Helen Y. Dean, Stephen W. Touyz, Elizabeth Rieger
and Christopher E. Thornton
CHAPTER 14
Using Cognitive Processing Therapy for Assault Victims....................185
With Acute Stress Disorder
Reginald D.V. Nixon
CHAPTER 15
A CBT Internet Program for Depression in Adolescents ....................197
(MoodGYM): Effects on Depressive Symptoms, Attributional
Style, Self-Esteem and Beliefs About Depression
Richard O’Kearney, Kanwal Kang, Malcolm Gibson, Helen Christensen
and Kathy Griffiths
iv
CONTENTS
Section 3: Clinical Implications of Empirical Research
CHAPTER 16
Maladaptive Schemas and Eating Disorders:......................................207
Therapeutic Considerations
Sandi Hill and Stephen Touyz
CHAPTER 17
The Nature and Role of Avoidance in Depression..............................215
Michelle L. Moulds and Eva Kandris
CHAPTER 18
Modelling the Depressive Disorders: A Subtyping Strategy................225
Gordon Parker
CHAPTER 19
Autobiographical Memory in the Development, Maintenance,..........235
and Resolution of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Trauma
Richard A. Bryant, Kylie Sutherland and Rachel M. Guthrie
CHAPTER 20
Cognitive and Social Support Factors in the Development ................247
of Acute Trauma Response in Children
Alicia A. Ellis, Reginald D.V. Nixon and Paul Williamson
CHAPTER 21
The Role of Therapist Schema in the Training and Supervision..........257
of Cognitive Therapists
Beverly Haarhoff
CHAPTER 22
The Advantage of Accessing Early Maladaptive Schemas ..................267
in EarlyChildhood Memories and Empirical Evidence
of Their Predictive Worth
Stephen Theiler and Glen Bates
Index..................................................................................................277
v
Innovations and Advances in Cognitive–Behaviour Therapy
vi
Introduction
This book has been written for clinicians wishing to update their aware-
ness and skills based on clinical research being conducted predominantly
in Australia and New Zealand. It explores innovations and cutting edge
developments in the way cognitive–behaviour therapy (CBT) is applied
across the full spectrum of psychopathology. Emphasis is placed on flex-
ible modes of delivery and new directions in treatment modality. Chapters
discussing new treatments focus on the practical implementation of the
new treatment. Data-driven investigations are included when they reveal
advances in treatment or where research provides exciting information
for clinical practice. Authors have provided a clear description of new
treatment procedures. The book has combined a theoretical basis with
practical applicability for the experienced clinician.
Innovations and Advances in Cognitive–Behaviour Therapyis divided
into three parts. The first part examines innovative treatments for specific
presentations.
Chapter 1 presents a cognitive–behavioural treatment package for
music performance anxiety (MPA). The treatment developed by Tarrant
and Leatham incorporates a range of strategies in which clients (i) acquire
an understanding of the nature of MPA and its relationship with anxiety,
(ii) develop insight through examination of their personal performance
history, (iii) examine the role of personality contributions to MPA, (iv)
explore the role of technical and non-technical preparation prior to per-
formance, (v) learn to discriminate alternate options of focus for their
attention during performance. The chapter is practical and detailed and the
authors describe an evaluation of the treatment. They have included a copy
of their measure ‘the Music Performance Anxiety Scale’ as an Appendix.
Chapter 2 is a practitioner guide for the treatment of Magical Ideation
(MI). This treatment was developed for use with individuals suffering
from obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) with high levels of magical
vii
Innovations and Advances in Cognitive–Behaviour Therapy
ideation. It is the first published description of the treatment package
and the majority of materials (patient handouts and target articles) are
provided. A review of the research program supporting the importance of
addressing MI in the treatment of OCD is provided and pilot data sup-
ports implementation of the package within this population.
Chapter 3 provides a rationale for the use of mindfulness as a treat-
ment for bipolar disorder. It is a more theoretical chapter. Ball, Corry and
Mitchell describe rationales, precautions and techniques which, from
their experience, are important in the application of mindfulness to clients
with bipolar disorder.
Huxter’s chapter (chapter 4) examines the Buddhist origins of mind-
fulness treatments. Given the explosion in evidence suggesting the use of
mindfulness for treatment of recurrent depression, this perspective is valu-
able and enlightening. Huxter alerts clinicians of the need to be informed
of the origins of mindfulness and provides an accessible description of its
Buddhist roots.
Chapter 5 presents a new treatment of trauma-related nightmares for
children. Encel and Dohnt have adapted imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT)
for this population. They provide an introduction to IRT, a description of
how to implement this therapy within the paediatric population, and
information on where to find further resources for clinicians wishing to
learn more about IRT with adults. As standard treatment of childhood
trauma does not try to address nightmares, this chapter may be the first
of its kind. It is extremely practical and detailed.
Woodcock, Milic and Johnson then describe the treatment of selective
mutism in chapter 6. This comprehensive chapter reviews the literature,
explains the theoretical basis of selective mutism and compares their pro-
gram to alternative treatments. The authors have provided a detailed
description of how to apply their intervention. They report data they have
collected and provide case examples useful to any therapist wishing to
commence treatment.
Reading about computer treatments is often less than exciting.
However, the chapter written by Cunningham, Donovan and March is
captivating. Their chapter thoroughly examines the issues arising in the
development and delivery of computer- and Internet- based CBT for anx-
iety disorders in young people. They describe the issues that arose in
developing two treatment programs (‘The Cool Teens Program’, devel-
oped at Macquarie University, and ‘The BRAVE program’, developed at
The University of Queensland). They compare the ways that these two
independent and eminent groups of clinical academics chose to handle
each issue.
viii
Introduction
Chapter 8 is a useful starting point for any clinician wishing to expand
their practice into work with an older population. Deborah Koder com-
bines a review of the literature with her own clinical experience to impart
practical advice on the implementation of CBT. She provides examples of
how to adjust CBT for this population. Her reference list will be a useful
resource for those wishing to further their knowledge in this area.
Merritt, Pervan and Sheady have written a practitioner guide for the
implementation of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for indi-
viduals suffering from chronic pain. These clinicians describe exercises
and metaphors they have found useful from their work at Prince Alfred
Hospital in Sydney with this notoriously difficult group to treat. Their
description of the treatment explains miniature steps by which to break
down behaviour therapy and introduce it in a palatable way to this pop-
ulation. Once again, information on where to find out more about ACT
is provided throughout the chapter.
Shearsby, Walker and Steel have written a chapter about cognitive–
behavioural treatment of psychosis that is both philosophical and helpful.
It attempts to remove the myths behind what clinicians aim for in their
treatment of psychosis. Their chapter is written from the perspective of
a group that has conducted a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of two
treatments for psychosis: cognitive therapy and coping strategy enhance-
ment (the ‘Voices and Beliefs Project’). They provide three case studies
from which they draw lessons to assist clinicians wishing to work in
this area.
The second part of the book presents results from treatment compar-
isons. Once again, the authors have provided a detailed description of the
treatments and explanations of how these treatments represent advances
on existing treatments.
Chapter 11 describes a trial conducted at the Black Dog Institute in
which emotive techniques have been added to cognitive therapy in the
treatment of bipolar disorder. In chapter 12, Maree Abbott provides an
in depth description of her new package for the treatment of generalised
anxiety disorder and presents initial results. In chapter 13, a new treat-
ment focuses on engagement of eating disorders patients within an inpa-
tient setting. It is not hard to envisage how aspects of motivational
enhancement treatment could be attempted with a range of populations
where there is reluctance to initiate change. Chapter 14 presents a RCT
of cognitive processing therapy for assault victims with acute stress dis-
order. Chapter 15 presents the results of a RCT of MoodGYM (a com-
puterised treatment for depression).
ix
