Table Of ContentInnovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management
Israel Patiño-Galván
Innovation and
Entrepreneurship
Ecosystems
An Evolutionary Vision in the Creation
of Local Ecosystems
Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge
Management
Series Editor
Elias G. Carayannis, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
This series highlights emerging research and practice at the dynamic intersection of
innovation, technology, and knowledge management, where individuals,
organizations, industries, regions, and nations are harnessing creativity and invention
to achieve and sustain growth. Volumes in the series explore the impact of innovation
at the "macro" (economies, markets), "meso" (industries, firms), and "micro" levels
(teams, individuals), drawing from such related disciplines as finance, organizational
psychology, R&D, science policy, information systems, and strategy, with the
underlying theme that in order for innovation to be useful it must involve the sharing
and application of knowledge.
This book series is indexed in Scopus.
Israel Patiño-Galván
Innovation and
Entrepreneurship Ecosystems
An Evolutionary Vision in the Creation
of Local Ecosystems
Israel Patiño-Galván
Department of Accounting and Administration
Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Ecatepec
Ecatepec de Morelos, Estado de México, Mexico
ISSN 2197-5698 ISSN 2197-5701 (electronic)
Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management
ISBN 978-3-031-24516-9 ISBN 978-3-031-24517-6 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24517-6
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature
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The development of this work is dedicated to
Ambar Yotzin, mom Gloria, and my aunt
Florecita.
Thanks to my family for the motivation, in
particular my brothers Laura, Paco, and
Mary, and my nephews Hazel, Joselyn,
Esmeralda, and Rubén.
Preface
This work seeks to offer an alternative for the creation and evolution of local inno-
vation and entrepreneurship ecosystems, taking advantage of the resources and
infrastructure of universities as the main source of infrastructure through an entity
that operates and is the leader of the ecosystem. To have the possibility of taking
advantage of and directing the talent of citizens so that they generate new and sus-
tainable Startups, which collaborate with the growth and development of existing
companies; so that together with the rest of the stakeholders of the ecosystem they
promote its evolution, generating as a result the sustainable social and economic
development of the locality. However, it is important to generate solid foundations
in the creation of the ecosystem that allows its permanence and evolution, identify-
ing and projecting the necessary resources in the long term, identifying its natural
and social wealth, and seeking care for the environment, create and development the
culture of entrepreneurship, ensure the commitment to freedom of creativity and
search for solutions with social responsibility.
Ecatepec de Morelos, Mexico Israel Patiño-Galván
vii
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Context of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ecosystems . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1 What Is an Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ecosystem? . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 Components, Typologies, and Characteristics of Innovation and
Entrepreneurship Ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2.1 Ecosystem Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2.2 Typologies and Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.2.3 Typologies of Ecosystems Focused on Leadership . . . . . . . 19
2.2.4 Typologies of Ecosystems According to Their Spatial
Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.3 Ecosystems of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in the World . . . . 22
2.4 Past, Present, and Future of Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.5 Entities That Operate the Ecosystem of Innovation and
Entrepreneurship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.6 The Role of Universities in Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
2.6.1 Universities as the First Helix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
2.6.2 The Role of Governments as a Second Helix . . . . . . . . . . . 56
2.6.3 The Role of Companies as a Third Helix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
2.7 Success Factors and Criteria in Innovation Ecosystems . . . . . . . . . 59
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
3 Phase 1. Birth of the Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Ecosystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
3.1 Stage I. Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
3.1.1 Define the Mission and Vision of the Entity
That Will Operate the Ecosystem (EOE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
3.1.2 Research of the Current State of the Town . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
3.1.3 Develop the Objectives, Goals, Strategies,
and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
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x Contents
3.1.4 Organizational Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
3.1.5 Ecosystem Activity Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
3.2 Stage II. Funding Sources without Return of Investment . . . . . . . . 128
3.3 Stage III. Call and Reception of Entrepreneurship Projects . . . . . . 134
3.4 Stage IV. Evaluation and Selection of Entrepreneurship Projects . . 134
3.5 Stage V. Implementation and Startup of Entrepreneurship Projects 142
3.6 Stage VI. Phase 1 Closure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
4 Phase 2. Evolution of the Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Ecosystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
4.1 Stage I. Sources of Financing with Return on Investment . . . . . . . . 151
4.2 Stage II. Call, Reception, and Selection of Enterprises . . . . . . . . . . 159
4.3 Stage III. Investment/Funding Rounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
4.4 Stage IV. Phase 2 Closure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
5.1 Expected Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
5.2 Future Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
5.3 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
5.4 Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
About the Author
Israel Patiño-Galván received his Bachelor’s degrees
in Computer Science and SME Management from
Technological of Higher Studies from Ecatepec,
Mexico and Open and Distance University of Mexico,
Mexico; PhD degrees in Administrative Sciences and
Computer Systems from National Polytechnic Institute,
Mexico and Da Vinci University, Mexico, respectively;
Master of Science degree from National Polytechnic
Institute, Mexico; and Master of Computer Systems
degree from Technological of Higher Studies from
Ecatepec, Mexico. In relation to the Work Experience,
it is presented in five blocks: Professional, Academic,
Research, Social, and Entrepreneurship. In the
Professional, he has been Scrum Master, Project
Manager, Systems Developer, Coordinator, and
Information Technologies (IT) Manager in the public
and private sector. In Academic experience, has taught
administration, accounting, innovation, statistics and
probability, information technology, and undergradu-
ate and graduate programming languages, collaborated
as coordinator and president of graduate school, and
participated in the design and updating of undergradu-
ate and graduate courses. Regarding Research, has
specialized in the lines of research on innovation
and entrepreneurship ecosystems, application of
Information Technologies and Intelligent Systems in
public and private administration, and whose results
have been published in articles, books, national confer-
ences and international; he collaborates on editorial
boards and is a reviewer of articles in scientific and
technological journals; he participates as an evaluating
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