Table Of ContentSpringer Series in Translational Stroke Research
Series Editor
John Zhang
For further volumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/10064
wwwwwwwwwwww
Jeffrey M. Gidday Miguel A. Perez-Pinzon
(cid:2)
John H. Zhang
Editors
Innate Tolerance in the CNS
Translational Neuroprotection
by Pre- and Post-Conditioning
Editors
Jeffrey M. Gidday Miguel A. Perez-Pinzon
Department of Neurosurgery Department of Neurology
Washington University School of Medicine Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine
St. Louis, MO, USA University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
John H. Zhang
Loma Linda University
Loma Linda, CA, USA
ISBN 978-1-4419-9694-7 ISBN 978-1-4419-9695-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9695-4
Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2012945397
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of
the material is concerned, speci fi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,
broadcasting, reproduction on micro fi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information
storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology
now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection
with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied speci fi cally for the purpose of being entered and
executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this
publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s
location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions
for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to
prosecution under the respective Copyright Law.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication
does not imply, even in the absence of a speci fi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant
protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of
publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for
any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with
respect to the material contained herein.
Printed on acid-free paper
Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
The past two decades have witnessed remarkable advances in our molecular
understanding of how brain cells die after stroke, brain injury, and neurodegenera-
tion. Yet a clinically effective neuroprotectant remains elusive. Perhaps, a gentle
paradigm shift may be required.
CNS disease comprises a complex mix of pathophysiologic mechanisms. Stroke
is primarily an energetic insult. Traumatic brain injury is caused by biomechanical
lesions. And in neurodegenerative disorders, a wide range of environmental agents
and genetic perturbations has been implicated. However, in spite of this diversity in
initial disease triggers, downstream molecular pathways of neuronal death and brain
dysfunction show a large degree of overlap. This gives us hope. If we understand the
common mechanisms of neuronal death, then we should be able to design rational
and focused therapies to prevent this from happening. Thus, our current model of
neuroprotection is based on the premise that curing CNS disease is best achieved by
blocking deleterious pathways.
But what might be missing from this conceptual formulation is the possibility
that embedded within the pathophysiology of CNS disease are endogenous mecha-
nisms of neuroprotection. As the CNS becomes damaged or diseased, it instinc-
tively activates innate pathways of self-preservation. These evolutionarily conserved
responses may provide a treasure trove of new “targets.” Instead of searching for
exogenous agents that attempt to block brain cell death, is it possible to seek clever
ways to augment innate neuroprotection? This exciting volume assembles an
impressive list of leading authorities in the fi eld to de fi ne, dissect, and debate this
hypothesis. The fundamentals provided here will help us explore new frontiers of
neuroprotection for many years to come.
Eng H. Lo, Ph.D.
Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA, USA
v
wwwwwwwwwwww
Contents
Part I Comparative Physiology and Historical Background
1 Tolerance, Historical Review ................................................................. 3
Roger Simon
2 Anoxia Resistance in Lower and Higher Vertebrates .......................... 19
John W. Thompson, Göran E. Nilsson, and Miguel A. Perez-Pinzon
3 Hibernation: A Natural Model of Tolerance
to Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion ......................................................... 37
Kelly L. Drew, Jeffrey A. Zuckerman, Phillip E. Shenk,
Lori K. Bogren, Tulasi R. Jinka, and Jeanette T. Moore
4 Preconditioning in the Heart .................................................................. 51
Derek J. Hausenloy and Derek M. Yellon
Part II Conditioning Methods
5 Neuroprotection and Physical Preconditioning:
Exercise, Hypothermia, and Hyperthermia ......................................... 105
Ryan Kochanski, David Dornbos III, and Yuchuan Ding
6 A New Future in Brain Preconditioning Based
on Nutraceuticals: A Focus on a-Linolenic
Omega-3 Fatty Acid for Stroke Protection ........................................... 133
Nicolas Blondeau and Joseph S. Tauskela
7 Medical Gases for Conditioning: Volatile Anesthetics,
Hyperbaric Oxygen, and Hydrogen Sulfide ......................................... 165
Zhiyi Zuo
8 Hypoxic Preconditioning in the CNS .................................................... 183
Robert D. Gilchrist and Jeffrey M. Gidday
vii
viii Contents
9 Pharmacologic Preconditioning ............................................................. 213
Jian Guan, Richard F. Keep, Ya Hua, Karin M. Muraszko,
and Guohua Xi
10 Surgical Methods to Induce Brain Preconditioning ............................ 225
Giuseppe Pignataro, Ornella Cuomo, and Antonio Vinciguerra
Part III Conditioning Models for Cerebral Ischemia
11 Tolerance Against Global Cerebral Ischemia:
Experimental Strategies, Mechanisms,
and Clinical Applications ....................................................................... 243
Kunjan R. Dave, Hung Wen Lin, and Miguel A. Perez-Pinzon
12 Preconditioning and Neuroprotection in the Immature Brain ........... 259
Nicole M. Jones and Adam A. Galle
13 Conditioning Studies in Focal Cerebral Ischemia:
Model Selection, Physiological Monitoring,
and Other Methodological Issues .......................................................... 269
Thaddeus S. Nowak Jr. and Liang Zhao
14 Preconditioning for SAH ........................................................................ 291
Robert P. Ostrowski and John H. Zhang
15 Preconditioning and Intracerebral Hemorrhage ................................. 309
Richard F. Keep, Ya Hua, and Guohua Xi
16 The Protective Effects of Ischemic Postconditioning
in Experimental Stroke ........................................................................... 317
Heng Zhao
Part IV Mechanisms of Preconditioning
17 Synaptic Signaling in Ischemic Tolerance............................................. 339
Robert Meller
18 The Genomics of Preconditioning and Ischemic Tolerance ................ 363
Keri B. Vartanian, Susan L. Stevens, and Mary P. Stenzel-Poore
19 How Do Subcellular Organelles Participate
in Preconditioning-Conferred Neuroprotection? ................................. 387
Peiying Li, Rehana Leak, Yu Gan, Xiaoming Hu,
R. Anne Stetler, and Jun Chen
20 Ischemic Preconditioning-Mediated Signaling Pathways
Leading to Tolerance Against Cerebral Ischemia ................................ 429
Srinivasan Narayanan, Jake T. Neumann, Kahlilia C. Morris-Blanco,
Miguel A. Perez-Pinzon, and Hung Wen Lin
Contents ix
21 Preconditioning the Neurovascular Unit: Tolerance
in the Brain’s Nonneuronal Cells........................................................... 457
Ann M. Stowe and Jeffrey M. Gidday
Part V Other Neurological Disorders
22 Preconditioning for Surgical Brain Injury ........................................... 485
Cherine H. Kim, Han Chen, and John H. Zhang
23 Intrinsic Neuroprotection in Traumatic Brain Injury ......................... 499
Esther Shohami and Michal Horowitz
24 Preconditioning for Epilepsy .................................................................. 521
David C. Henshall and Eva M. Jimenez-Mateos
25 Ischemic Pre- and Post-conditioning in the Retina .............................. 541
Steven Roth and John C. Dreixler
Part VI Clinical Applications
26 Clinical Cerebral Preconditioning and Postconditioning .................... 553
Cameron Dezfulian
27 Preconditioning Strategy: Coronary Bypass, Subarachnoid
Hemorrhage, Temporary Proximal Vessel Occlusion
in Carotid Revascularization, and Intracranial
Aneurysm Surgery .................................................................................. 567
George Kwok Chu Wong, Matthew Tak Vai Chan, and Wai Sang Poon
28 HBO Preconditioning for TBI and Stroke Patients ............................. 579
Qiang Wang and Lize Xiong
29 Electroacupuncture Preconditioning for Stroke Patients ................... 591
Qiang Wang and Lize Xiong
30 Clinical Trials of Ischemic Conditioning .............................................. 601
Michael Katsnelson and Sebastian Koch
Epilogue ........................................................................................................... 615
Author Index ................................................................................................... 617
Subject Index ................................................................................................... 687
wwwwwwwwwwww
