Table Of ContentEUROPEAN CONFERENCE OF MINISTERS OF TRANSPORT
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This report reviews experience in L
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mitigating the environmental impacts R
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of inland waterway development. T
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It examines eff ective consultation and C
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planning procedures across Europe. IO
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In particular it assesses the ways in which
the EU Water Framework Directive aff ects
the planning environment for international
waterways and sets a new agenda for
improving the ecological value of waterways.
The report makes recommendations on good
practice and identifi es the Danube river basin
as the critical area for improvement. This is
where the eff orts of international governmental
organisations and NGOs could most usefully be
combined to develop a basin-wide environmental
protection and waterway development strategy.
-:HSTCSC=VVXY[W:
(75 2006 14 1 P) ISBN 92-821-1346-9
EUROPEAN CONFERENCE OF MINISTERS OF TRANSPORT
INLAND
WATERWAYS &
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
EUROPEAN CONFERENCE OF MINISTERS OF TRANSPORT (ECMT)
The European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT) is an inter-governmental organisation
established by a Protocol signed in Brussels on 17 October 1953. It comprises the Ministers of
Transport of 43 full Member countries: Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium,
Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
FRYMacedonia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia and
Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine and the United Kingdom.
There are seven Associate member countries (Australia, Canada, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand and the
United States) and one Observer country (Morocco).
The ECMT is a forum in which Ministers responsible for transport, and more specifically the inland
transport sector, can co-operate on policy. Within this forum, Ministers can openly discuss current
problems and agree upon joint approaches aimed at improving the utilization and at ensuring the
rational development of European transport systems of international importance.
At present, ECMT has a dual role. On one hand it helps to create an integrated transport system
throughout the enlarged Europe that is economically efficient and meets environmental and safety
standards. In order to achieve this, it is important for ECMT to help build a bridge between the European
Union and the rest of the European continent at a political level.
On the other hand, ECMT's mission is also to develop reflections on long-term trends in the
transport sector and to study the implications for the sector of increased globalisation. The activities in
this regard have recently been reinforced by the setting up of a New Joint OECD/ECMT Transport
Research Centre.
Also available in french under the title:
Voies navigables et protection de l’environnement
Further information about the ECMT is available on Internet at the following address:
www.cemt.org
© ECMT 2006 – ECMT Publications are distributed by: OECD Publications Service,
2, rue André Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
In discussions on policies to improve the sustainability of their sector, transport Ministers
sometimes express frustration that plans to develop waterways face public opposition even though
waterborne traffic is normally seen as an environmentally preferable alternative to road or rail haulage.
Expansion and development of waterways can have significant environmental impacts, even if good
project design can mitigate or compensate for damage. But perhaps the most important factor in
engendering resistance to waterway investments has been the frequent failure to consult effectively
with NGOs and the public and involve them in planning and development decisions.
This report reviews experience in mitigating the environmental impacts and developing effective
consultation and planning procedures across Europe. In particular it examines the ways in which the
EU Water Framework Directive affects the planning environment for international waterways and sets
a new agenda for improving water quality. The analysis concludes that basin-wide environmental
protection and development strategies for waterways need to be developed to complement the river
basin management plans required under the Directive. The report makes recommendations on good
practice and identifies the Danube river basin as the critical area for improvement. This is where the
efforts of international governmental organisations and NGOs could most usefully be combined to
develop the first of the basin-wide strategies envisaged.
The ECMT is grateful to Henry Opdam and his team of consultants at Royal Haskoning for
preparing the main body of this report and to the Ministry of Transport and Water Management of the
Netherlands for supporting the work financially. ECMT would also like to thank all of the experts
listed in section 1.6 for their co-operation and contributions to the report and in particular the members
of the Steering Committee.
INLAND WATERWAYS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION - ISBN 92-821-1346-9 – © ECMT, 2006
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...........................................................................................................3
ABBREVIATIONS.......................................................................................................................7
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.........................................................................................................9
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................13
1.1 Background and Objectives...........................................................................................14
1.2 Institutional Context......................................................................................................14
1.3 Approach and Methodology..........................................................................................16
1.4 Scope of Work...............................................................................................................17
1.5 Results of the Study.......................................................................................................17
1.6 Acknowledgements.......................................................................................................19
CHAPTER 2. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES................................23
2.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................24
2.2 The EIA Directive and IWT Projects............................................................................25
2.3 IWT, EIA and the EU Birds and Habitats Directives....................................................32
2.4 Water Framework Directive..........................................................................................34
2.5 UNECE Conventions and Related Instruments.............................................................39
CHAPTER 3. PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE IN SELECTED COUNTRIES...............45
3.1 Responses to the Questionnaire.....................................................................................46
3.2 France............................................................................................................................48
3.3 Germany........................................................................................................................52
3.4 Austria...........................................................................................................................59
3.5 Romania........................................................................................................................64
3.6 Ukraine..........................................................................................................................70
CHAPTER 4. LESSONS LEARNED......................................................................................73
4.1 Environmental Issues....................................................................................................74
4.2 Legislation and Procedures...........................................................................................76
4.3 Public Consultation and Participation...........................................................................78
4.4 Transboundary Impacts.................................................................................................80
4.5 Key Issues.....................................................................................................................82
CHAPTER 5. OUTSTANDING ISSUES................................................................................89
5.1 Integrated European IWT Vision, Policy, Strategy and Planning.................................90
5.2 Legislation and Procedures...........................................................................................91
5.3 Public Consultation and Participation...........................................................................91
5.4 Other Issues...................................................................................................................92
INLAND WATERWAYS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION - ISBN 92-821-1346-9 – © ECMT, 2006
6 - TABLE OF CONTENTS
BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................................................................................................94
Publications..............................................................................................................................95
Websites...................................................................................................................................98
MAPS..........................................................................................................................................99
INLAND WATERWAYS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION - ISBN 92-821-1346-9 – © ECMT, 2006
ABBREVIATIONS
AVV Advisory Institute for Transport (The Netherlands)
AWB Artificial water body
BFG Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde (Federal Institute of Hydrology, Germany)
BMVIT Federal Ministry of Transport, Innovation and Technology (Austria)
CCNR Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine
CEDA Central Dredging Association
CIADT Interministerial Committee on Land Management and Development (France)
CIS Common Implementation Strategy
CNDP National Public Debate Commission (France)
DGG Directorate General for Freight Transport, Ministry of Transport (The Netherlands)
EC European Commission
ECMT European Conference of Ministers of Transport
EEC European Economic Community
EFIP European Federation of Inland Ports
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EIS Environmental Impact Statement
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
ESPO European Sea Ports Organisation
EU European Union
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GEP Good Ecological Potential
GES Good Ecological Status
HMWB Heavily Modified Water Body
IADC International Association of Dredging Companies
ICPDR International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River
ICPR International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine
INE Inland Navigation Europe
IPTANA Design Institute for Road Water and Air Transport (Romania)
ISPA Instrument for Structural Policies for Pre-Accession
IWT Inland Waterway Transport
MMGA Ministry of Environment and Water Management (Romania)
MTCT Ministry of Transport, Construction and Tourism (Romania)
NGO Non-Government Organisation
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
ÖIR Österreichisches Institut für Raumplanung
PAH Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon
PIANC International Navigation Association
RAMSAR Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat, signed in
Ramsar, Iran, in 1971.
RBMP River Basin Management Plan
RMD Rhein-Main-Donau
SAC Special Area of Conservation
SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment
SPA Special Protection Area
TEN-T Trans-European Network for Transport
UNECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
VNF Voies Navigables de France
WFD Water Framework Directive
WWF World Wide Fund for Nature
INLAND WATERWAYS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION - ISBN 92-821-1346-9 – © ECMT, 2006
