Injury in Pediatric and Adolescent Sports: Epidemiology, Treatment and Prevention

254 Pages·2016·8.12 MB·English

by  Dennis Caine

Contemporary Pediatric and Adolescent Sports Medicine
Series Editor: Lyle J. Micheli
Dennis Caine
Laura Purcell
Editors
Injury in
Pediatric and
Adolescent Sports
Epidemiology, Treatment and Prevention
Contemporary Pediatric and
Adolescent Sports Medicine
Series Editor
Lyle J. Micheli
More information about this series at h ttp://www.springer.com/series/11729

Dennis Caine (cid:129) Laura Purcell
Editors
Injury in Pediatric
and Adolescent Sports
Epidemiology, Treatment
and Prevention
Editors
Dennis Caine, PhD Laura Purcell, MD, FRCPC,
Professor Emeritus Dip Sport Med.
Department of Kinesiology Department of Pediatrics
and Public Health Education McMaster University
University of North Dakota Hamilton , ON , Canada
Grand Forks , ND , USA
ISSN 2198-266X ISSN 2198-2678 (electronic)
Contemporary Pediatric and Adolescent Sports Medicine
ISBN 978-3-319-18140-0 ISBN 978-3-319-18141-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-18141-7
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015943349
Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016
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The Micheli Center for S ports
Injury Prevention

T he mission of the Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention is at the heart
of the Contemporary Pediatric and Adolescent Sports Medicine series.
The Micheli Center uses the most up-to-date medical and scientifi c infor-
mation to develop practical strategies that help young athletes reduce their
risk of injury as they prepare for a healthier future. The clinicians, scientists,
activists, and technologists at the Micheli Center advance the fi eld of sports
medicine by revealing current injury patterns and risk factors while develop-
ing new methods, techniques, and technologies for preventing injuries.
T he Micheli Center had its offi cial opening in April 2013 and is named
after Lyle J. Micheli, one of the world’s pioneers in pediatric and adolescent
sports medicine. Dr. Micheli is the series editor of Contemporary Pediatric
and Adolescent Sports Medicine.
C onsistent with Dr. Micheli’s professional focus over the past 40 years,
the Micheli Center conducts world-class medical and scientifi c research
focused on the prevention of sports injuries and the effects of exercise on
health and wellness. In addition, the Micheli Center develops innovative
methods of promoting exercise in children.
v
vi The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention
The Micheli Center opens its doors to anyone seeking a healthier lifestyle,
including those with medical conditions or illnesses that may have previously
limited their abilities. Fellow clinicians, researchers, and educators are invited
to collaborate and discover new ways to prevent, assess, and treat sports
injuries.
Series Editor Biography
Dr. Lyle J. Micheli is the series editor of
Contemporary Pediatric and Adolescent
Sports Medicine. Dr. Micheli is regarded
as one of the pioneers of pediatric and
adolescent sports medicine, a fi eld he has
been working in since the early 1970s
when he co-founded the USA’s fi rst sports
medicine clinic for young athletes at
Boston Children’s Hospital.
D r. Micheli is now director of the
Division of Sports Medicine at Boston
Children’s Hospital, and Clinical Professor
of Orthopedic Surgery at Harvard Medical
School. He is a past president of the American College of Sports Medicine
and is currently the Secretary General for the International Federation of
Sports Medicine. Dr. Micheli co-chaired the International Olympic Committee
consensus on the health and fi tness of young people through physical activity
and sport.
I n addition to many other honors, Dr. Micheli has served as Chairperson
of the Massachusetts Governor’s Committee on Physical Fitness and Sports,
on the Board of Directors of the United States Rugby Football Foundation, as
Chairman of the USA Rugby Medical and Risk Management Committee, and
on the advisory board of the Bay State Games. He has been the Attending
Physician for the Boston Ballet since 1977 and is Medical Consultant to the
Boston Ballet School.
Dr. Micheli received his undergraduate degree from Harvard College in
1962 and his medical degree from Harvard Medical School in 1966. As an
undergraduate student, Dr. Micheli was an avid athlete, competing in rugby,
gridiron football, and boxing. Since graduating, Dr. Micheli has played prop
for various Rugby clubs including the Boston Rugby Football Club, the
Cleveland Blues Rugby Football Club, Washington Rugby Club, and Mystic
Valley Rugby Club where he also served as team coach.
Dr. Micheli has authored over 300 scientifi c articles and reviews related to
sports injuries, particularly in children. His present research activities focus
on the prevention of sports injuries in children. Dr. Micheli has edited and
authored several major books and textbooks.
The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention vii
Co-Editor Biography
Dr. Dennis Caine is Professor Emeritus
and former chair of the Department of
Kinesiology and Public Health Education
at the University of North Dakota. He
holds the B.P.E. and B.Ed. from the
University of Manitoba, the M.Ed. from
the University of British Columbia, and
the Ph.D. in growth and development and
Certifi cate in Gerontology from the
University of Oregon. His research inter-
ests include epidemiology of injury in
sport and the effects of injury on growth,
maturation and aging. Caine has published
7 co-edited books, more than 70 articles and chapters, and has been invited to
address national and international conferences on medicine and science in
sport. Over the years he served on editorial review boards for British Journal
of Sports Medicine, Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, Physician and
Sportsmedicine, and Research in Sports Medicine and currently serves as
book series co-editor for Medicine and Sports Science.
Dr. Laura Purcell is an Associate Clinical
Professor in the Department of Pediatrics
at McMaster University. She completed
her BSc and MSc at the University of
Toronto, and her MD at McMaster
University. Her pediatric residency train-
ing was at Dalhousie University. She com-
pleted a sport medicine fellowship at the
University of Western Ontario and holds
the Diploma of Sports Medicine from the
Canadian Academy of Sport and Exercise
Medicine.
Dr. Purcell was the founding president of the Paediatric Sport and Exercise
Medicine Section of the Canadian Paediatric Society and has authored many
position statements and practise points for the CPS journal. She was also the
founding chair of the Pediatric Sport and Exercise Medicine Committee of
CASEM.
Dr. Purcell has published more than 50 articles and chapters and has been
invited to address national and international conferences on pediatric sport
medicine issues.

Foreword
I am very pleased to be writing the foreword to this book by Drs. Caine and
Purcell.
When we conceived this book series, we wanted prevention of sports inju-
ries in young athletes to receive appropriate recognition. Epidemiology is a
pillar of injury prevention. Since shortly after we founded the Sports Medicine
Division at Boston Children’s Hospital in 1974—the fi rst sports medicine
clinic for young athletes in the USA—we have consistently been calling for
epidemiological studies of this population group, including clinical registries
where injuries in young athletes would be logged.
In 1997 I was proud to chair a Committee on Sports and Children at a joint
meeting of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International
Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS). An outcome of this meeting was a
consensus statement in which my fellow authors and I emphasized the need
for sports governing bodies internationally to “prepare and maintain statistics
of illness and injury for children and adolescents participating in their sports”
(FIMS/WHO Ad Hoc Committee on Sports and Children—Micheli LJ
(Chair), Armstrong N, Bar-Or O, Boreham C, Chan K, Eston R, Hills AP,
Maffulli N, Malina RM, Nair NVK, Nevill A, Rowland T, Sharp C, Stanish
WD, Tanner S. Sports and children: consensus statement on organized sports
for children. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 1998;76(5):445-7).
I continue to maintain that strong epidemiology is a prerequisite to pre-
venting sports injury. Indeed, the importance of epidemiology is referenced
in the very mission statement of the Micheli Center for Sports Injury
Prevention, which was founded in 2013 and stimulated the creation of this
book series. Data collection is one of the most important functions of the
Micheli Center which will provide the foundation for long-term research into
preventing injury.
F or all these reasons I am very pleased that we have this exceptional vol-
ume devoted to epidemiology as one of the fi rst books in the series. Thanks
to the contributions of the chapter authors and the fi ne editorial work of Drs.
Caine and Purcell, it contains a trove of fi rst-rate information and is a signifi -
cant contribution to the literature.
I urge anyone with an interest in the fi eld of pediatric and adolescent sports
medicine to spend time reading the excellent material contained herein so
that they might gain a better understanding of this important topic.
Boston, MA, USA Lyle J. Micheli, MD
ix