Informal Economies in Post-Socialist Spaces: Practices, Institutions and Networks

312 Pages·2015·1.323 MB·English

by  Jeremy Morris, Abel Polese (eds.)

Informal Economies in Post-Socialist Spaces
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Informal Economies in
Post-Socialist Spaces
Practices, Institutions and Networks
Editedby
Jeremy Morris
UniversityofBirmingham,UK
Abel Polese
DublinCityUniversity,Ireland,andTallinnUniversity,Estonia
Selection,introductionandeditorialmatter©JeremyMorris
andAbelPolese2015
Individualchapters©Respectiveauthors2015
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Firstpublished2015by
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Contents
ListofTablesandFigures vii
Acknowledgements ix
NotesonContributors x
Introduction:MyNameIsLegion.TheResilienceand
EnduranceofInformalitybeyond,orinspiteof,theState 1
AbelPoleseandJeremyMorris
Part I ThinkingInformalityandDevelopmentWrit
LargeandSmall
1 EvaluatingtheValidityoftheContrastingTheoretical
PerspectivestowardstheInformalEconomyinUkraine 25
ColinC.WilliamsandOlgaOnoshchenko
2 InstitutionalTransformationandInformalityin
AzerbaijanandGeorgia 51
HuseynAliyev
3 FightingtheShadows:Lithuania’sInformalWorkersand
theFinancialCrisis 70
IdaHarboeKnudsen
4 FormalCrutchesforBrokenSociality 95
AetAnnist
Part II RetheorizingInformality:Power,Culture,
KinshipandHistory
5 FieldNotesonInformality’sCultureofUbiquity:
RecognitionandSymbolicPowerwithinInformal
EconomicPracticesinKosovo 117
AnnaDanielsson
6 TheImportanceofHavingštela:Reproductionof
InformalityintheDemocratizationSectorinBosnia 139
KarlaKoutkova
v
vi Contents
7 Perceptionsvs.Practices:NepotisminSmallBusinessesin
Bulgaria 154
TanyaChavdarova
8 TheImportanceofPersonalizedRelationshipsin
Post-SocialistRuralBulgaria:InformalityofNewCapitalist
Entrepreneurs 175
ChristianGiordano
Part III InformalPublicSectorsandWelfare:State
InterventionorWithdrawal?
9 InformalPaymentsforHealthcareServicesinLithuania
andUkraine 195
TetianaStepurko,MilenaPavlova,IrenaGryga,Liubove
MurauskieneandWimGroot
10 NuclearBorders:InformallyNegotiatingtheChernobyl
ExclusionZone 225
ThomDavies
11 GoverningInformalPaymentsinHealthcare:Lessons
fromChina 245
JingqingYang
12 InformalEconomicPracticeswithintheKyrgyzPolice
(militsiia) 270
LiamO’Shea
Conclusion:AgencyStrikesBack?QuoVadisInformality? 294
JeremyMorrisandAbelPolese
Index 300
Tables and Figures
Tables
1.1 Oldandnewviewsoftheinformaleconomy 28
1.2 Themostimportantactivitiesforthestandardofliving
ofthehousehold,byhouseholdincome 37
1.3 Thesecondmostimportantactivitiesforthestandardof
livingofthehousehold,byhouseholdincome 38
1.4 Participationintheinformaleconomy,bylevelof
incomegroups 38
1.5 Exitorexclusionfromformaleconomy,bygender 40
1.6 Exitorexclusionfromformaleconomy,byhousehold
incomegroup 40
2.1 Unofficialpaymentstopublicinstitutions(%) 59
2.2 Households’accesstopublicservices,byincome
groups(%) 63
9.1 Dimensions,factorsandindicatorsthatexplainthe
presenceofinformalpatientpayments 200
9.2 Indicatorsofthefourdimensionsofthepresenceof
informalpatientpaymentsappliedintheSPACE-matrix
analysis 204
9.3 Healthcareservicesconsumptionandpaymentsduring
thelast12months 210
9.4 Publicperceptionsandattitudestowardsinformal
patientpayments 213
12.1 Violence-managingagencies 281
Figures
3.1 ‘DarboBirža’attheriversideinKaunas 82
8.1 Intimacyzonesandpersonalizedrelationshipsinthe
networkofapost-socialistagriculturalentrepreneur 188
9.1 CountryprofilesofLithuaniaandUkrainebasedonthe
averagestandardizedscoresfromtheSPACE-matrix
analysis(seeTable9.2) 206
vii
viii ListofTablesandFigures
9.2 Publicattitudestowardsinformalpatientpaymentsin
LithuaniaandUkraine 211
9.3 Publicperceptionsofinformalpatientpaymentsas
corruptionorgratitude 212
Acknowledgements
Afterseveralyearsofobsessiveresearchoninformaleconomies,wehave
accumulated a number of debts, fortunately all of them of an intellec-
tual nature, to a number of people and institutions. First of all, we are
extremely grateful to the authors of this book’s chapters for delivering
ontimeandputtingupwithourmanycommentsandrequirements.
We are also indebted to the University of Birmingham, the Institute
forInternationalConflictResolutionandReconstructionatDublinCity
University,theDepartmentofInternationalRelationsattheTallinnUni-
versity of Technology, the Institute of Political Sciences at Tallinn Uni-
versity and the School of Management of the University of Sheffield
for their support during the various phases of the preparation of the
typescript. This book also benefited from the stimulating environment
we found during research stays at a number of institutions, includ-
ing the School of International Studies, Renmin University, Faculty of
Humanities,TbilisiStateUniversity,FacultyofPolitics,MoscowHigher
SchoolofEconomics,SchoolofInternationalStudies,JawaharlalNehru
University (where an early version of the introductory chapter was
presented) and the Aleksanteri Institute of the University of Helsinki.
ThanksareduetoProfessorsCuiShoujun,KevetanKutsushvili,Andrey
Melville, Oxana Kharitanova, Maria Pilgun, Ajay Patnaik and Rajan
Kumar.
Discussionswithanumberofcolleaguesandfriendsbothchallenged
us and helped us to focus our arguments. We thank (in alphabeti-
cal order) Juraj Buzalka, Francoise Companjen, Eileen Connolly, Sally
Cummings,ErhanDogan,JohnDoyle,RickFawn,DmitriFefilov,Hans
Gutebrod, Ida Harboe, Nicholas Hayoz, Rico Isaacs, Rob Kevlihan,
Bori Kovacs, Han Kurbanov, Donnacha Ó Beacháin, Heiko Pleines,
MathiasRauch,KarolinaStepanczak,ViktorStepanenko,ColinWilliams
and Mikhail Zolyan. It goes without saying that any mistakes remain
ourown.
Finally, this book would not have been possible without two gener-
ous grants from the European Commission Research Executive Agency
(grantnos292232and318961).
ix