influence of the nonlinear behavior of semi-rigid connections on the analysis of low-rise steel ...

116 Pages·2017·14.97 MB·English

INFLUENCE OF THE NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR OF SEMI-RIGID
CONNECTIONS ON THE ANALYSIS OF LOW-RISE STEEL FRAMED
STRUCTURES
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO
THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES
OF
MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
BY
ZAFER KARAKA(cid:147)
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR
THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING
JANUARY 2017

Approval of the thesis:
INFLUENCE OF THE NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR OF SEMI-RIGID
CONNECTIONS ON THE ANALYSIS OF LOW-RISE STEEL
FRAMED STRUCTURES
submitted by ZAFER KARAKA(cid:147) in partial ful(cid:28)llment of the requirements
for the degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering Department,
Middle East Technical University by,
Prof. Dr. G(cid:252)lbin Dural (cid:220)nver
Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences
Prof. Dr. (cid:157)smail (cid:214)zg(cid:252)r Yaman
Head of Department, Civil Engineering
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Af‡in Sar(cid:25)ta‡
Supervisor, Civil Engineering Department, METU
Examining Committee Members:
Prof. Dr. Cem Topkaya
Civil Engineering Department, METU
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Af‡in Sar(cid:25)ta‡
Civil Engineering Department, METU
Assoc. Prof. Dr. (cid:214)zg(cid:252)r Kur(cid:231)
Civil Engineering Department, METU
Assist. Prof. Dr. Ozan Cem ˙elik
Civil Engineering Department, METU
Assist. Prof. Dr. Saeid Kazemzadeh Azad
Civil Engineering Department, At(cid:25)l(cid:25)m University
Date: 27/01/2017
I hereby declare that all information in this document has been ob-
tained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical
conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct,
I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not
original to this work.
Name, Last Name: ZAFER KARAKA(cid:147)
Signature :
iv
ABSTRACT
INFLUENCE OF THE NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR OF
SEMI-RIGID CONNECTIONS ON THE ANALYSIS OF
LOW-RISE STEEL FRAMED STRUCTURES
Karaka‡, Zafer
M.S., Department of Civil Engineering
Supervisor : Assoc. Prof. Dr. Af‡in Sar(cid:25)ta‡
January 2017, 94 pages
In this thesis, the in(cid:29)uence of several parameters to hysteretic behavior of semi-
rigid connections on general response of low-rise special moment resisting frames
(SMRF) is investigated. Two di(cid:27)erent types of low-rise structures, which are
presented in SAC steel project, are taken into account. 1997 NEHRP (FEMA
1997a) and 1997 AISC provisions compliant (cid:29)exible (lower bound) and rigid
(upperbound)framesareselectedtoexaminethein(cid:29)uenceofnonlinearbehavior
of connections on structural system response. Perimeter moment frames carry
all of the seismic loads. OpenSees software is used in the analyses performed
as part of this study. Beams and columns are modeled using nonlinear force-
based beam-column frame elements. Semi-rigid connections are modeled using
zero length rotational spring elements with hysteretic material response. In
order to include P-∆ e(cid:27)ects of gravity frames in the analysis, an additional
imaginary bay with a leaning dummy column is added. Sti(cid:27)ness and strength
v
due to this additional bay is negligible because leaning dummy column is pin
connected at the ends and the beams are considered as rigid trusses. Nonlinear
geometric e(cid:27)ects are included by utilizing corotational transformation. Shear
e(cid:27)ect of the elements is accurately taken into consideration in the structural
models. Modal, nonlinear static (pushover) and nonlinear time history analyses
areconducted. Thecombinedin(cid:29)uencesofconnection’srotationalsti(cid:27)ness,yield
moment and peak moment, mild or severe pinching and presence of strength loss
or no strength loss are investigated in this study. Two sets of twenty ground
motion records scaled to match seismic hazard levels of 10% and 2% probability
of exceedance in 50 years are used for the nonlinear time history analyses. In
terms of mean and median of interstory drift ratios (IDR), low-rise SMRF with
semi-rigidconnectionsdonotreachcollapseprevention(CP)limitof5%. In84th
percentile of IDR, lower bound frames exceed the limit when connections are
partial strength and have severe pinching with strength loss. In 95th percentile
of IDR, all frames exceed the limit.
Keywords: Semi-Rigid Connections, Nonlinear Analysis, Steel Special Moment
Resisting Frames, Pinching E(cid:27)ect, Hysteretic Behavior
vi
(cid:214)Z
YARI R(cid:157)J(cid:157)T BA(cid:135)LANTILARIN DO(cid:135)RUSAL OLMAYAN
DAVRANI(cid:147)ININ AZ KATLI ˙EL(cid:157)K YAPILARIN ANAL(cid:157)ZLER(cid:157)
(cid:220)ZER(cid:157)NDEK(cid:157) ETK(cid:157)S(cid:157)N(cid:157)N ARA(cid:147)TIRILMASI
Karaka‡, Zafer
Y(cid:252)ksek Lisans, (cid:157)n‡aat M(cid:252)hendisli§i B(cid:246)l(cid:252)m(cid:252)
Tez Y(cid:246)neticisi : Do(cid:231). Dr. Af‡in Sar(cid:25)ta‡
Ocak 2017 , 94 sayfa
Bu tezde, yar(cid:25) rijit ba§lant(cid:25)lar(cid:25)n histeretik davran(cid:25)‡(cid:25)na etkiyen birka(cid:231) paramet-
renin, az katl(cid:25) (cid:246)zel moment dayan(cid:25)ml(cid:25) (cid:231)er(cid:231)evelerdeki genel etkisi ara‡t(cid:25)r(cid:25)lm(cid:25)‡t(cid:25)r.
SAC (cid:231)elik projesinde sunulan iki farkl(cid:25) az katl(cid:25) yap(cid:25) t(cid:252)r(cid:252) dikkate al(cid:25)nm(cid:25)‡t(cid:25)r. Ayn(cid:25)
zamanda 1997 NEHRP (FEMA 1997a) ve 1997 AISC ‡artnamelerine de uyan
bu esnek (alt limit) ve rijit ((cid:252)st limit) (cid:231)er(cid:231)eveler, ba§lant(cid:25)lar(cid:25)n do§rusal olma-
yan davran(cid:25)‡(cid:25)n(cid:25)n yap(cid:25)sal sistem tepkisi (cid:252)zerindeki etkisini ara‡t(cid:25)rmak amac(cid:25)yla
se(cid:231)ilmi‡tir. Moment aktaran d(cid:25)‡ (cid:231)er(cid:231)eve t(cid:252)m sismik y(cid:252)kleri ta‡(cid:25)maktad(cid:25)r. Bu (cid:231)a-
l(cid:25)‡man(cid:25)n bir par(cid:231)as(cid:25) olarak OpenSees yaz(cid:25)l(cid:25)m(cid:25) analizlerde kullan(cid:25)lm(cid:25)‡t(cid:25)r. Kolon
ve kiri‡ler, do§rusal olmayan kuvvet temelli kolon-kiri‡ (cid:231)er(cid:231)eve elemanlar(cid:25) kulla-
n(cid:25)larak modellenmi‡tir. Yar(cid:25) rijit ba§lant(cid:25)lar, histeretik malzeme davran(cid:25)‡(cid:25) olan
noktasal d(cid:246)nme yay elemanlar(cid:25) kullan(cid:25)larak modellenmi‡tir. Moment aktarma-
yan (cid:231)er(cid:231)evelerin P-∆ etkilerini analize dahil etmek i(cid:231)in, (cid:28)ktif bir kolon i(cid:231)eren
vii
bir a(cid:231)(cid:25)kl(cid:25)k eklenmi‡tir. Bu hayali a(cid:231)(cid:25)kl(cid:25)§a ba§l(cid:25) rijitlik ve dayan(cid:25)m ihmal edile-
bilir, (cid:231)(cid:252)nk(cid:252) (cid:28)ktif kolon u(cid:231)larda sabit mesnetle ba§lanm(cid:25)‡t(cid:25)r ve kiri‡ler de rijit
(cid:231)ubuklar olarak kabul edilmi‡tir. Do§rusal olmayan geometrik etkiler, analizlere
korotasyonel form(cid:252)lasyon kullan(cid:25)larak dahil edilmi‡tir. Elemanlar(cid:25)n kesme etkisi
ger(cid:231)ek(cid:231)i bir ‡ekilde modellemede dikkate al(cid:25)nm(cid:25)‡t(cid:25)r. Hem statik itme analizi hem
de zaman tan(cid:25)m alan(cid:25)nda do§rusal olmayan analiz yap(cid:25)lm(cid:25)‡t(cid:25)r. Bu (cid:231)al(cid:25)‡mada,
ba§lant(cid:25)n(cid:25)n rotasyonel rijitlik, akma momenti ve en y(cid:252)ksek momenti, az ya da
(cid:231)ok seviyede daralma, ve dayan(cid:25)m d(cid:252)‡(cid:252)‡(cid:252) olmas(cid:25) ya da olmamas(cid:25) durumlar(cid:25)n(cid:25)n
m(cid:252)‡terek etkileri ara‡t(cid:25)r(cid:25)lm(cid:25)‡t(cid:25)r. Zaman tan(cid:25)m alan(cid:25)nda do§rusal olmayan analiz
i(cid:231)in, 50 y(cid:25)lda %10 a‡(cid:25)lma olas(cid:25)l(cid:25)§(cid:25) ve 50 y(cid:25)lda %2 a‡(cid:25)lma olas(cid:25)l(cid:25)§(cid:25) ile (cid:246)l(cid:231)eklendi-
rilmi‡ yirmi‡er deprem kayd(cid:25) bulunan iki set kullan(cid:25)lm(cid:25)‡t(cid:25)r. Modal analiz, statik
itmeanalizivezamantan(cid:25)malan(cid:25)ndado§rusalolmayananalizlersonras(cid:25)ndaelde
edilen sonu(cid:231)lar sunulmu‡tur.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Yar(cid:25) Rijit Ba§lant(cid:25)lar, Do§rusal Olmayan Analiz, ˙elik (cid:214)zel
Moment ˙er(cid:231)eveler, Daralma Etkisi, Histeretik Davran(cid:25)‡
viii
To my family
G(cid:246)n(cid:252)l Karaka‡, M. (cid:147)e(cid:28)k Karaka‡, (cid:214)nder Karaka‡ and Nadiye Karaka‡
ix
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Af‡in
Sar(cid:25)ta‡, whose immense knowledge, understanding, and patience contributed
to my development as a graduate student. Without his continuous support,
guidance, motivation, and encouragement, this research would not be possible.
It was a great honor to work with him.
Besides my supervisor, I would like to thank the committee members, Prof.
Dr. Cem Topkaya, Assoc. Prof. Dr. (cid:214)zg(cid:252)r Kur(cid:231), Assist. Prof. Dr. Ozan
Cem ˙elik, Assist. Prof. Dr. Saeid Kazemzadeh Azad, for their time and
contributions on this thesis. Their insightful comments and suggestions, along
with hard questions directed me to broaden my perspectives for the research.
This study is supported by the Scienti(cid:28)c and Technological Research Council
of Turkey (T(cid:220)B(cid:157)TAK) with the project number of 113M223. I would like to
express my gratitude to T(cid:220)B(cid:157)TAK for their support and funding in this study.
I would like to thank Yi§it (cid:214)z(cid:231)elik for guidance and contributions in this thesis.
I would also like to thank fellow graduate students; Alper Aldemir, Beyaz(cid:25)t
B. Ayd(cid:25)n, Murat Bayraktar, Erhan Budak, (cid:157). Ozan Demirel, Furkan G(cid:246)k-
men, H. F(cid:25)rat (cid:214)zel, Ali Can Tatar, Erman Toraman, Ert(cid:252)rk Tuncer and M.
Burak Ye‡ilyurt, and my friends; Ali E. Arslan, Mustafa ˙elikkaya, Candan
Do§an, Berksu Erkal, Mert Kaya, Efe Orhan, Onur (cid:214)zcan, Buket (cid:147)ahin, Osman
Ta‡tekin and Oytun Y(cid:252)ksel for their support and contribution in this study.
Finally, I must express my profound gratitude to my family for providing me
with continuous support and encouragement throughout my studies. This ac-
complishment would not be possible without them.
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