Inflectional Identity

382 Pages·2008·1.77 MB·English

by  Asaf Bachrach

Inflectional Identity
OXFORD STUDIES IN THEORETICAL LINGUISTICS
general editors: David Adger, Queen Mary, University of London; Hagit
Borer,UniversityofSouthernCalifornia.
advisory editors: Stephen Anderson, Yale University; Daniel Büring,
UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles;NomiErteschik-Shir,Ben-GurionUniversity;
Donka Farkas, University of California, Santa Cruz; Angelika Kratzer, Univer-
sityofMassachusetts,Amherst;AndrewNevins,HarvardUniversity;Christopher
Potts,UniversityofMassachusetts,Amherst;BarrySchein,UniversityofSouthern
California;PeterSvenonius,UniversityofTromsø;MoiraYip,UniversityCollege
London.
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Inflectional Identity
Editedby
ASAF BACHRACH AND ANDREW NEVINS
1
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1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2
Contents
GeneralPreface ix
TheContributors x
Abbreviations xiii
1 Introduction:Approachinginflectionalidentity 1
AsafBachrachandAndrewNevins
1.1 Overview 1
1.2 Theidentificationofbaseofidentityandscopeofidentity
effects 3
1.3 Paradigm-basedexplanations,theirpitfalls,andalternatives 7
1.4 Sourcesofidentityeffects:Sharedmorphologicalfeatures 13
1.5 Sourcesofidentityeffects:Asymmetricdependenceonabase 20
1.6 Conclusions 25
2 Paradigms(Optimalandotherwise):Acaseforskepticism 29
JonathanDavidBobaljik
2.1 Introduction 29
2.2 OPandmorphologicalrelatedness 31
2.3 Stems,bases,andmorphemes 35
2.4 Itelmenandthesourceofnoun-verbasymmetries 42
2.5 Conclusion 52
3 Clarifying“Blur”:Paradigms,defaults,andinflectionalclasses 55
MorrisHalleandAlecMarantz
3.1 Structureofparadigmsororganizationofinflectionalclasses 55
3.2 Blurring,contrast,andtheinformationcontentofaffixes 56
3.3 BlurringinthePolishnominaldeclension 60
3.4 Syncretism,impoverishment,andaDistributed
Morphologyanalysis 67
3.5 Inflectionalclassesandfeatures 71
4 ParadigmgenerationandNorthernSámistems 73
PeterSvenonius
4.1 Introduction 73
4.2 Thenatureofthealternation 78
vi Contents
4.3 ThephonologicalmanifestationsofStrongandWeakGrade 82
4.4 Thenominalparadigm 89
4.5 Derivation 92
4.6 Ïintheverbalparadigms 95
4.7 Conclusion 99
5 Classfeaturesasprobes 101
ArtemisAlexiadouandGereonMüller
5.1 Introduction 101
5.2 Classfeaturesinmorphology 102
5.3 Classfeaturesinsyntax 132
5.4 Proposal 138
5.5 Furtherissues 143
5.6 Concludingremarks 147
6 Onabsoluteandcontextualsyncretism:Remarksonthestructureof
caseparadigmsandonhowtoderivethem 156
AndreaCalabrese
6.1 Caseparadigms:Introduction 156
6.2 Caseparadigms 159
6.3 Analysis 170
6.4 Amodelwithoutrestrictionsandrepairs 195
6.5 Conclusions 202
Appendix:Casefeatures 202
7 Afeature-geometricapproachtoAmharicverbclasses 206
JochenTrommer
7.1 Introduction 206
7.2 Theframework:MinimalistDistributedMorphology 208
7.3 Decomposingverbclasses 211
7.4 Thefeaturegeometryofverbclasses 215
7.5 Classsyncretismasimpoverishment 227
7.6 Discussionandsummary 233
8 Russiangenitivepluralsareimpostors 237
JohnF.BailynandAndrewNevins
8.1 MarkednessandallomorphywithinDistributedMorphology 237
8.2 TheorganizationofRussianinflection 242
8.3 Thegenitivepluralconundrum 249
8.4 Theproposal 255
Contents vii
8.5 Productivityandthewugtest 260
8.6 Apossiblecounterexampletogenderimpoverishment:Paucals 263
8.7 Conclusion 268
9 Inflectionalparadigmshavebasestoo:ArgumentsfromYiddish 271
AdamAlbright
9.1 Introduction 271
9.2 ParadigmlevelinginYiddishnouns:Lossoffinaldevoicing 274
9.3 Analysisofthechangeusinginflectionalbases 299
9.4 AnOP+positionalfaithfulnessaccount? 305
9.5 Conclusion 307
10 Apseudo-cycliceffectinRomanianmorphophonology 313
DoncaSteriade
10.1 Introduction 313
10.2 InflectiondependenceinRomanian 315
10.3 Theanalysis 325
10.4 Inflection-dependenceandrelatedbeyondK-Palatalization 338
10.5 Thelayeredlexicon 345
10.6 Conclusion 355
LanguageIndex 361
TopicIndex 363
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General Preface
The theoretical focus of this series is on the interfaces between subcom-
ponents of the human grammatical system and the closely related area of
the interfaces between the different subdisciplines of linguistics. The notion
of “interface” has become central in grammatical theory (for instance, in
Chomsky’srecentMinimalistProgram)andinlinguisticpractice:workonthe
interfacesbetweensyntaxandsemantics,syntaxandmorphology,phonology
and phonetics, etc. has led to a deeper understanding of particular linguis-
tic phenomena and of the architecture of the linguistic component of the
mind/brain.
The series covers interfaces between core components of grammar,
including syntax/morphology, syntax/semantics, syntax/phonology, syntax/
pragmatics,morphology/phonology,phonology/phonetics,phonetics/speech
processing, semantics/pragmatics, intonation/discourse structure as well as
issues in the way that the systems of grammar involving these interface
areas are acquired and deployed in use (including language acquisition, lan-
guagedysfunction,andlanguageprocessing).Itdemonstrates,wehope,that
proper understandings of particular linguistic phenomena, languages, lan-
guagegroups,orinter-languagevariationsallrequirereferencetointerfaces.
The series is open to work by linguists of all theoretical persuasions and
schoolsofthought.Amainrequirementisthatauthorsshouldwritesoasto
beunderstoodbycolleaguesinrelatedsubfieldsoflinguisticsandbyscholars
incognatedisciplines.
This volume is a counterpart to volume eight of the series (on paradigm
uniformity)andfocussesonmorphologyasaninterfacebetweensyntaxand
phonology. The thrust of the book is to argue against output-dependent
approachestoparadigmstructure,andtoproposeanewunderstandingwhich
dependsonfeaturalorganizationandtheoperationsonrepresentations.The
editors have brought together a cohesive collection of papers arguing that
identifyeffectsininflectionalmorphologycanbeunderstoodastheoutcome
of interactions between learnability heuristics, syntactic feature organization
andtheassociativestructureofthelexicon.
DavidAdger
HagitBorer