Industrial furnaces

492 Pages·2004·10.092 MB·English

by  W Trinks

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INDUSTRIAL FURNACES
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Industrial Furnaces, Sixth Edition. W. Trinks, M. H. Mawhinney, R. A. Shannon, R. J. Reed
and J. R. Garvey Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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8 CHRONOLOGYofTrinksandMawhinneybooksonfurnaces
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10 INDUSTRIALFURNACES
11 VolumeIFirstEdition,byW.Trinks,1923
12 6chapters,319pages,255figures
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VolumeISecondEdition,byW.Trinks,1926
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15 VolumeIThirdEdition,byW.Trinks,1934
16 6chapters,456pages,359figures,22tables
17 VolumeIFourthEdition,byW.Trinks,1951 Lines: 9
18 6chapters,526pages,414figures,26tables ———
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VolumeIFifthEdition,byW.TrinksandM.H.Mawhinney,1961 *
20 8chapters,486pages,361figures,23tables ———
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22 VolumeISixthEdition,byW.Trinks,M.H.Mawhinney,
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R.A.Shannon,R.J.Reed,andJ.R.V.Garvey,2000
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9chapters,490pages,199figures,*40tables
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25 VolumeIIFirstEdition,byW.Trinks,1925 [-2], (2)
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VolumeIISecondEdition,byW.Trinks,1942
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6chapters,351pages,337figures,12tables
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VolumeIIThirdEdition,byW.Trinks,1955
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7chapters,358pages,303figures,4tables
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31 VolumeIIFourthEdition,byW.TrinksandM.H.Mawhinney,1967**
32 9chapters,358pages,273figures,13tables
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34 PRACTICALINDUSTRIALFURNACEDESIGN,byM.H.Mawhinney,1928
9chapters,318pages,104figures,28tables
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*This6thEditionalsoincludes3equations,20examples,54reviewquestions,4problems,and5suggested
42 projects.The199figuresconsistof43graphs,140drawingsanddiagrams,and16photographs.
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**NofurthereditionsofVolumeIIofINDUSTRIALFURNACESareplannedbecausesimilar,butup-to-
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date,materialiscoveredinthis6thEditionofINDUSTRIALFURNACESandinVolumesIandIIofthe
45 NorthAmericanCOMBUSTIONHANDBOOK.
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INDUSTRIAL FURNACES,
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8 SIXTH EDITION
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W.Trinks
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J. R. Garvey
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45 JOHNWILEY & SONS,INC.
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Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper.
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7 Copyright©2004byJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
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9 PublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,NewJersey
PublishedsimultaneouslyinCanada
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Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformor
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33 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData:
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Industrialfurnaces/WillibaldTrinks...[etal.].—6thed.
35 p.cm.
36 Previoused.catalogedunder:Trinks,W.(Willibald),b.1874.
37 Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN0-471-38706-1(Cloth)
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1.Furnaces—Designandconstruction. 2.Furnaces—Industrialapplications. I.Trinks,W.
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(Willibald),b.1874. II.Trinks,W.(Willibald),b.1874.Industrialfurnaces.
40 TH7140.I48 2003
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42 2003007736
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PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
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8 This6thEditionisdedicatedtoourwives:
9 EmilyJaneShannonandCatherineRiehlReed
10 whomwethankforbelovedencouragementand
11 fortimeawaytoworkonthis6thEdition.
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ROBERTA.SHANNON RICHARDJ.REED
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AvonLake,Ohio Willoughby,Ohio
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Photostatcopyofahand-writtennotefromProf.W.TrinkstoMr.
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CONTENTS
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ExcerptsfromthePrefacetothe5thEdition xv
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Preface xvii [FirstPa
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15 BriefBiographiesoftheAuthor xix
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No-LiabilityStatement xxi
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1.1 IndustrialProcessHeatingFurnaces / 1
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25 1.2 ClassificationsofFurnaces / 7 [-7],(1)
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1.2.1 FurnaceClassificationbyHeatSource / 7
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1.2.2 FurnaceClassificationbyBatchorContinuous,
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andbyMethodofHandlingMaterialinto,Through,
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andoutoftheFurnace / 7
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1.2.3 FurnaceClassificationbyFuel / 16
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32 1.2.4 FurnaceClassificationbyRecirculation / 18
33 1.2.5 FurnaceClassificationbyDirect-FiredorIndirect-Fired / 18
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1.2.6 ClassificationbyFurnaceUse / 20
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1.2.7 ClassificationbyTypeofHeatRecovery / 20
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1.2.8 OtherFurnaceTypeClassifications / 21
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38 1.3 ElementsofFurnaceConstruction / 22
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1.4 ReviewQuestionsandProjects / 23
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2 HEATTRANSFERININDUSTRIALFURNACES 25
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44 2.1 HeatRequiredforLoadandFurnace / 25
45 2.1.1 HeatRequiredforHeatingandMeltingMetals / 25
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viii CONTENTS
1 2.1.2 HeatRequiredforFusion(Vitrification)andChemical
2 Reaction / 26
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2.2 FlowofHeatWithintheChargedLoad / 28
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2.2.1 ThermalConductivityandDiffusion / 28
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6 2.2.2 LagTime / 30
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2.3 HeatTransfertotheChargedLoadSurface / 31
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2.3.1 ConductionHeatTransfer / 33
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10 2.3.2 ConvectionHeatTransfer / 35
11 2.3.3 RadiationBetweenSolids / 37
12 2.3.4 RadiationfromClearFlamesandGases / 42
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2.3.5 RadiationfromLuminousFlames / 46
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15 2.4 DeterminingFurnaceGasExitTemperature / 53
16 2.4.1 EnhancedHeating / 55
17 2.4.2 PierDesign / 56 Lines:80
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2.5 ThermalInteractioninFurnaces / 57
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20 2.5.1 InteractingHeatTransferModes / 57 ———
21 2.5.2 EvaluatingHydrogenAtmospheresforBetterHeat NormalP
22 Transfer / 60
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2.6 TemperatureUniformity / 63
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25 2.6.1 EffectiveAreaforHeatTransfer / 63 [-8],(2)
26 2.6.2 GasRadiationIntensity / 64
27 2.6.3 SolidRadiationIntensity / 64
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2.6.4 MovementofGaseousProductsofCombustion / 64
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2.6.5 TemperatureDifference / 65
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31 2.7 Turndown / 67
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2.8 ReviewQuestionsandProject / 67
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35 3 HEATINGCAPACITYOFBATCHFURNACES 71
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3.1 DefinitionofHeatingCapacity / 71
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38 3.2 EffectofRateofHeatLiberation / 71
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3.3 EffectofRateofHeatAbsorptionbytheLoad / 77
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41 3.3.1 MajorFactorsAffectingFurnaceCapacity / 77
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3.4 EffectofLoadArrangement / 79
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3.4.1 AvoidDeepLayers / 83
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45 3.5 EffectofLoadThickness / 84
CONTENTS ix
1 3.6 VerticalHeating / 85
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3.7 BatchIndirect-FiredFurnaces / 86
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4 3.8 BatchFurnaceHeatingCapacityPractice / 91
5 3.8.1 BatchOvensandLow-TemperatureBatchFurnaces / 92
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3.8.2 DryingandPreheatingMoltenMetalContainers / 96
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3.8.3 LowTemperatureMeltingProcesses / 98
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3.8.4 StackAnnealingFurnaces / 99
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10 3.8.5 MidrangeHeatTreatFurnaces / 101
11 3.8.6 CopperandItsAlloys / 102
12 3.8.7 High-TemperatureBatchFurnaces,1990Fto2500F / 103
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3.8.8 BatchFurnaceswithLiquidBaths / 108
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15 3.9 ControlledCoolinginorAfterBatchFurnaces / 113
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3.10 ReviewQuestionsandProject / 114
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19 4 HEATINGCAPACITYOFCONTINUOUSFURNACES 117 0.0pt P
20 4.1 ContinuousFurnacesComparedtoBatchFurnaces / 117 ———
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4.1.1 PrescriptionsforOperatingFlexibility / 118
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23 4.2 ContinuousDryers,Ovens,andFurnacesfor<1400F(<760C) / 121
24 4.2.1 ExplosionHazards / 121
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4.2.2 MassTransfer / 122
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4.2.3 RotaryDrumDryers,Incinerators / 122
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4.2.4 TowerDryersandSprayDryers / 124
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29 4.2.5 TunnelOvens / 124
30 4.2.6 AirHeaters / 127
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4.3 ContinuousMidrangeFurnaces,1200to1800F(650to980C) / 127
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4.3.1 ConveyorizedTunnelFurnacesorKilns / 127
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34 4.3.2 Roller-HearthOvens,Furnaces,andKilns / 129
35 4.3.3 ShuttleCar-HearthFurnacesandKilns / 129
36 4.3.4 SawtoothWalkingBeams / 130
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4.3.5 CatenaryFurnaceSize / 135
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39 4.4 SinteringandPelletizingFurnaces / 137
40 4.4.1 Pelletizing / 138
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4.5 AxialContinuousFurnacesforAbove2000F(1260C) / 139
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4.5.1 BarrelFurnaces / 139
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44 4.5.2 ShaftFurnaces / 142
45 4.5.3 LimeKilns / 142