Table Of ContentINDUSTRIAL
COOPERATION
BETWEEN
EAST AND WEST
INDUSTRIAL
COOPERATION
BETWEEN
EAST AND WEST
FRIEDRICH LEVCIK AND JAN STANKOVSKY
© M. E. Sharpe Inc. 1979
901 North Broadway
White Plains, New York 10603
German text: Industrielle Kooperation zwischen Ost und West
©Springer-Verlag, 'Nien, 1977
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1977 978-0-333-26959-6
Translated by Michel Vale
Published simultaneously as Vol. XIV, No. 1-2, of
Soviet and Eastern European Foreign Trade
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any
means, without permission
First published in the United States ofA merica 1979
First published in the United Kingdom 1979
Published by
THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
London and Basingstoke
Associated companies in Delhi
Dublin Hong Kong Johannesburg Lagos
Melbourne New York Singapore Tokyo
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Levcik, Friedrich
Industrial cooperation between East and West
1. Industry-International cooperation
I. Title II. Stankovsky, Jan
338'.09171'3 HC59
ISBN 978-1-349-04777-2 ISBN 978-1-349-04775-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-04775-8
This book is sold subject to the
standard conditions of the Net Book Agreement
Contents
List of Tables vii
Introduction xi
1. General aims and definitions 3
2. New trends in the world economy as
a basis for East-West cooperation 9
3. Types of industrial cooperation between
East and West 19
4. Motives for cooperation 41
5. Legal and institutional regulations for interfirm
cooperation between East and West in Eastern Europe 55
6. The special case of joint ventures:
their possibilities and limits 69
7. Economic policy and industrial East-West
cooperation 96
8. Objectives and significance of intergovernmental
cooperation agreements 137
9. Industrial East-West cooperation and
the business cycle 158
10. Interim evaluation of East-West
industrial cooperation 166
11. Practical experience with East-West
industrial cooperation 208
12. Evaluation and outlook 225
Appendix 1: Eleven case studies 231
Appendix 2: List of industrial cooperation
agreements between East and West 243
Appendix 3: Agreement between the Council
of Mutual Economic Assistance and European
Economic Community on Principal Mutual Relations 265
Appendix 4: Excerpt from the Final Act of the
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe,
August 1, 1975 269
Bibliography 2 73
About the Authors 287
List of Tables
Table Page
1 Product Specialization in Western and Eastern Europe
in Terms of Foreign Trade Shares as Reflected in
Trade Proportion 13
2 Specialized Products in Intra-CMEA Trade 14
3 Cooperation Matrix 20
4 Structure of East-West Cooperation by Type of Cooper-
ation, 1968, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975 25
5 Structure of East-West Cooperation by Type of Cooper-
ation, Total (1975) by Eastern Country 27
6 Structure of East-West Cooperation by Type of Cooper-
ation, Total (1975) by Type of Cooperation 28
7 Cooperation of U.S. Firms with the CMEA Collectively
and with Individual CMEA Countries, 1975, by Type of
Cooperation 29
8 Cooperation of U.S. Firms with the CMEA Collectively
and with Individual CMEA Countries, 1975, by CMEA
Country 30
9 Licensing Agreements of U.S. Firms with Individual
CMEA Countries and the CMEA Collectively, 1975 31
10 Enterprise's Evaluation of Own Product Quality, 1974,
in% of All Products 49
11 Poland's Licensing Agreements with Western Nations,
1966-70 51
12 Time Required for Start-up and Period of Validity of
Licenses from Western Countries in Poland, 1966-70 51
13 Tax Rates on Profits of Foreign Joint Venture Partners
in Yugoslavia 83
vii
14 Western Participations in East-West Joint Ventures in
the East 87
15 Foreign Capital Involvement of the FRG, Total and with
Eastern Countries 89
16 Structure of CMEA Foreign Trade by Groups of
Countries 98
17 Foreign Trade of CMEA Countries by Groups of Coun-
tries, Actual Development 1966-70 and Plan Figures
1971-75 99
18 Patterns of CMEA Foreign Trade by Groups of
Countries 99
19 U.S. Exports of Industrial and Agricultural Goods to the
USSR and other Eastern Countries 119
20 Agreements on Industrial Cooperation between Eastern
Countries and Developing Countries by Industrial
Branch, 1970-74 123
21 Tripartite Cooperation between East, West, and Devel-
oping Countries, 1975 126
22 Long-term Bilateral Trade Agreements between Eastern
Countries and Western European Industrial Countries 138
23 Long-term Bilateral Cooperation Agreements between
Eastern Countries and Western European Industrial
Countries 140
24 Long-term East-West Trade Agreements in Force at the
End of July 1977 142
25 Economic, Industrial, and Technical Cooperation Agree-
ments in Force at the End of July 1977 145
26 Intergovernmental Cooperation Agreements between
Austria and the Eastern Nations 149
27 USSR Foreign Trade with Western European Countries 155
28 Relationship between the Business Cycle and East-West
Industrial Cooperation in the FRG 161
29 Agreements on East-West Industrial Cooperation,
1965-67 168
viii
30 Eastern European Imports of Complete Industrial Plants
and Licenses from the West, Country of Destination and
Country of Origin, 1967 169
31 Cooperation Agreements between the West (without the
USA) and Eastern Countries, 1975 170
32 Cooperation Statistics of Eastern Countries, 1965-75 171
33 Cooperation Statistics of Western Industrial Countries 172
34 Frequency of Cooperation Agreements of U.S. Firms
with Eastern Countries, 1975 174
35 Hungary's Agreements on East-West Industrial Cooper-
ation, by Partner Country 175
36 Industrial Cooperation in Poland's Exports to the West 176
37 Eastern European Imports of Complete Industrial Plants
and Licenses from the West, by Industrial Branch, 1967 179
38 Structure of East-West Cooperation, 1972 and 1975, by
Eastern Country and Branch of Industry 181
39 Structure of East-West Cooperation, 1975, by Industrial
Branch and Eastern Country 182
40 Structure of East-West Cooperation, 1975, by Type of
Cooperation and Branch of Industry 183
41 Structure of East-West Cooperation, 1972 and 1975, by
Industrial Branch and Type of Cooperation 184
42 Structure of Interfirm Cooperation Undertakings (with-
out Joint Ventures) between the West (without USA) and
the East, by Industrial Branch, 1975 186
43 Structure of Interfirm Cooperation Undertakings (with-
out Joint Ventures) between the West (without USA) and
the East, by Purpose, 1975 187
44 FRG Agreements with Eastern Countries on Industrial
Cooperation, by Industrial Branch 188
45 Cooperation Agreements of U.S. Firms with Eastern
Countries, by Industrial Branches, 1975 189
46 Hungarian Cooperation Agreements with Western
Firms, by Industrial Branch 191
ix
47 Cooperation and Foreign Trade Indicators of Eastern
Countries 193
48 Hungarian Agreements on Industrial Cooperation, Total
and with Austria, End of 1974 197
49 Evaluation of Cooperation Negotiations with Eastern
Countries by FRG Firms 211
50 Multinational and State-owned Western Enterprises In-
volved in Interfirm East-West Cooperation 214
51 FRG Industrial Cooperation Agreements with Eastern
Countries, by Firm Size and Type of Cooperation 2H
X
