Indoctrination to Hate: Recruitment Techniques of Hate Groups and How to Stop Them

361 Pages·2022·22.597 MB·English

by  Edward W. Dunbar (editor)

Indoctrination to Hate
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Indoctrination to Hate
Recruitment Techniques of Hate Groups
and How to Stop Them
Edward W. Dunbar, Editor
Copyright © 2022 by ABC-CLIO, LLC
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations
in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Dunbar, Edward, editor.
Title: Indoctrination to hate : recruitment techniques of hate groups and
how to stop them / Edward W. Dunbar, editor.
Description: Santa Barbara, California : Praeger, an imprint of ABC-CLIO,
LLC, [2022] | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2021030099 (print) | LCCN 2021030100 (ebook) |
ISBN 9781440857003 (cloth) | ISBN 9781440857010 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Hate crimes—Psychological aspects. | Hate
crimes—Prevention. | Hate groups. | Social psychology.
Classification: LCC HV6773.5 .I53 2022 (print) | LCC HV6773.5 (ebook) |
DDC 364.15—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021030099
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021030100
ISBN: 978-1-4408-5700-3 (print)
978-1-4408-5701-0 (ebook)
26 25 24 23 22 1 2 3 4 5
This book is also available as an eBook.
Praeger
An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC
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www.abc-clio.com
This book is printed on acid-free paper
Manufactured in the United States of America
“My idea of good company . . . is the company of clever, well-informed
people, who have a great deal of conversation; that is what I call good
company. ‘You are mistaken,’ said he gently, ‘that is not good company,
that is the best.”
Jane Austen
With the greatest respect and memory of wonderful colleagues, Megan
Elizabeth Sullaway, Carl Compton Bell, and Raphael Ezekiel; they
were the best company.
EWD
I would like to thank Sneha Gupta and Jitendra Kumar for their cooperation
and enthusiasm in the execution of the final edits of the manuscripts.
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Contents
Chapter 1 Three Cataclysms and Two Ways to Do Good
Work: The Mash-up of Hate Crimes in the
Twenty-First Century 1
Edward W. Dunbar
Chapter 2 Hate, Ideology, and Intergroup Violence: Bias
Motivation and Membership in a Multicultural World 28
Edward W. Dunbar
Chapter 3 A Discussion of Entry and Membership in
Hate Groups 66
Silvina Ituarte
Chapter 4 Devoted Actors and Devoted Fraternity: The
Necessary Role of Ideology in Intergroup Violence 94
Amalio Blanco, Rubén Blanco, and Luis de la Corte
Chapter 5 Lone Wolf Terrorists: Examining Motives
and Methods of Stand-Alone Terrorists 128
Martin J. Gallagher
Chapter 6 Relationship of Online Hate, Radicalization,
and Terrorism 152
Elena Dal Santo and Elena D’Angelo
Chapter 7 The Neuroscience of Hate and Bias Ideology:
A Brain-Behavior Approach to Bias Aggression 176
Edward W. Dunbar
Chapter 8 Lone Wolves and Wolf Packs: Revenge Porn,
Cyber Mobs, and Creepshots 217
Megan Sullaway
viii Contents
Chapter 9 Joining Colombian Illegal Armed Groups and
the Role of Ideology 269
Amanda Davies-Rubio and Lourdes Mirón
Chapter 10 Group Indoctrination: Techniques of
Depersonalization and Domination of
Individual Consciousness 289
Milton J. Bennett
Chapter 11 Disengagement and Societal Reintegration after
Violent Extremism 310
Edward W. Dunbar
About the Editor and Contributors 331
Index 335
CHAPTER ONE
Three Cataclysms and Two
Ways to Do Good Work:
The Mash-up of Hate Crimes
in the Twenty-First Century
Edward W. Dunbar
Since the start of this century, the United States has experienced three cata-
clysmic events: the societal body blow of the 9/11 terror attacks, the hate
unleashed with the 2016 presidential election, and the viral and racial pan-
demics of 2020, which have heightened intergroup hostility and violence
across the country. These cultural cataclysms have transformed the country
and our social conventions. These events call out for individuals and organi-
zations to understand the psychological vicissitudes of hate in struggling to
reestablish a civil society.
The psychological study of hate crimes requires our understanding of the
motives of the individual offender as well as the cultural context in which the
infraction occurs. The roles of policy makers, law enforcement, and the gen-
eral populace—including the willing followers of hate extremists—need to
be understood as well. We would do well to follow the advice of Carl Bell and
ask the “hard questions” of behavioral science. This means examining not
only who perpetrates crimes of hate, but also who and what motivates these