Table Of ContentIndividual and Group
Decision Making
Current Issues
Individual and Group
Decision Making
Current Issues
Edited by
N. John Castellan, Jr.
Indiana University
1m
LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCIATES, PUBLISHERS
1993 Hillsdale, New Jersey Hove and London
Copyright © 1993 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in
any form, by photostat, microfilm, retrieval system, or any other
means, without the prior written ,permission of the publisher.
lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers
365 Broadway
Hillsdale, New Jersey 07642
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Individual and group decision making : current issues I edited by N.
John Castellan, Jr.
p. em.
Based on papers presented at the Science Weekend symposia of the
1990 convention of the American Psychological Association.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8058-1090-0 (c.)- ISBN 0-8058-1091-9 (p.)
I. Decision-making. 2. Decision-making, Group. I. Castellan, N.
John, 1939-
BF448.153 1993
302.3-dc20 92-34702
CIP
Books published by lawrence Erlbaurn Associates are printed on acid-free
paper, and their bindings are chosen for strength and durability.
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS
Preface ix
I INDIVIDUAL ADDRESSES I
1 Some Practical Judgment and Decision-Making Research
Hal R. Arkes 3
2 The Use of Multiple Strategies in Judgment and Choice
John W Payne, James R. Bellman, and Eric J Johnson 19
II PROCESSING PROBABILISTIC INFORMATION 41
3 Using Configura! and Dimensional Information
Stephen E. Edgell 43
4 Judgment of Nonlinear Contingencies and Applications
of Contingencies to Organizational Behavior
John E. Sawyer 65
v
CONTENTS vii
15 Naturalistic Group Decision Making:
Overview and Summary
William C. McDaniel 293
Author Index 301
Subject Index 311
PREFACE
At the 1990 annual convention of the American Psychological Association,
a portion of the meeting was devoted to a "Science Weekend," an exciting
program sponsored by the APA Science Directorate and several AP A divi
sions. Three program tracks or themes were focal points for the weekend,
and one track was Decision Making. The Decision-Making track included two
invited addresses and symposia by distinguished scholars in the field.
However, because of the strong interest in decision making, the time allot
ted for the Science Weekend could not accommodate the diversity and
breadth of the field. As a result, additional sessions on decision making were
included elsewhere in the meeting. As a participant in one of the symposia
and an observer at others, I was struck by the strong interest in the sessions
some were standing room only-and the variety of approaches to decision
making. During the convention, the idea for this volume took root and was
encouraged and nurtured by colleagues. Participants in the convention sym
posia and invited addresses were enthusiastic about the possibility of present
ing their work in a more coherent and extended form. As a result, this volume
consists of two of the invited addresses and three of the symposia from that
meeting-Processing Probabilistic Information, Jury Decision Making, and
Naturalistic Group Decision Making.
As the project developed in consultation with the various contributors, it
became clear that we needed more than a simple compilation of manuscripts
derived from convention presentations. The participants in each sympo
sium share a common vision of research in their particular area and had an
ix
X PREFACE
opportunity to debate and clarify their ideas at the meeting. The ability to
provide more extended narratives than possible with specialized journal ar
ticles was seen as an opportunity not just to advance the science of decision
making, but to provide surveys and tutorials displaying the richness of
decision-making methodology in psychology and the behavioral sciences. That
methodology extends from detailed models of individual decision making to
group decision processes, to jury decision making, to complex decision tasks
in natural environments. It is necessary to understand the full range of
decision-making methodologies, research, and applications if we are to de
velop coherent models and theories of individual decision making and group
processes, and if we seek to enhance the decision making and judgment in
complex systems.
Because the general theme of the volume and its purpose extends beyond
the intent of the original presentations, the contributors have rewritten and
expanded their presentations. In some cases, they follow the meeting presen
tations closely, but in most the meeting presentation was the springboard
for the development of the papers that could serve a broad audience from
specialists in the field to those who desire an up-to-date compendium of cur
rent research. Thus the meeting presentations were the starting points for
the final chapters in this volume.
Sections II, Ill, and IV of the book could be read independently of the other
sections. Each has the benefit of a final summary statement that either syn
thesizes all the chapters in the section or points to new directions emanating
from the basic research in the area. Taken as a whole, the 15 chapters pro
vide an exciting perspective of the field and could form a basic set of read
ings for courses on individual and group decision making in a variety of
disciplines. To be sure, there are gaps, but the coverage from basic laborato
ry research to complex applied group decision processes should challenge
researchers and students to pursue the field of decision making as enthusias
tic scientists and practitioners.
The final editing of this volume took place while I was on leave from Indi
ana University and serving as Visiting Scientist and Director for the Deci
sion, Risk, and Management Science Program at the National Science
Foundation. I am especially grateful to Hollis Heimbouch of Lawrence Erl
baum Associates for her early encouragement of the project and to many
colleagues in the Society for Judgment and Decision Making who also en
couraged the project and offered comments and suggestions on the various
chapters.
-N. John Castellan, Jr.
PART
I
INDIVIDUAL ADDRESSES
