Table Of ContentThe International Library of Sociology
INDINS CHANGING VILLAGES
Founded by KARL MANNHEIM
The InternationalLibrary ofSociology
THE SOCIOLOGYOF DEVELOPMENT
In 18 Volumes
I CasteandKinshipinCentralIndia Mayer
II EconomicsofDevelopmentinVillageIndia Haswell
III EducationandSocialChangeinGhana Foster
(TheabovetitleisnotavailablethroughRoutledgeinNorthAmerica)
IV GrowingupinanEgyptianVillage Ammar
V India'sChangingVillages Dube
VI IndianVillage Dube
VII MalayFishermen Firth
VIII TheMendeofSierraLeone Little
IX TheNegroFamilyinBritishGuiana Smith
X PeasantsinthePacific Mayer
XI PopulationandSocietyintheArabEast Baer
XII TheRevolutioninAnthropology Jarvie
XIII SettlementSchemesinTropicalAfrica Chambers
XIV Shivapur:ASouthIndianVillage Ishwaran
XV SocialControlinanAfricanSociety Gulliver
XVI StateandEconomicsintheMiddleEast Bonne
XVII TraditionandEconomyinVillageIndia Ishwaran
XVIII TransformationScene Hogbin
INDI8S CHANGING VILLAGES
Human Factors
in Community Development
by
S. C. DUBE
Firstpublished in 1958
by Routledge
Routledge
2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxfordshireOX144RN
Routledgeisan imprintofthe Taylor &Francis Group
711 ThirdAvenue,NewYork,NY10017
Firstissuedinpaperback2011
© 1958 S. C. Dube
All rightsreserved. No partofthisbookmaybereprinted orreproduced
orutilizedinanyform orbyany electronic, mechanical, orothermeans,
nowknownorhereafterinvented, includingphotocopying
and recording, orinanyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem,without
permissioninwritingfrom thepublishers.
Thepublishershavemadeeveryeffortto contact authors/copyrightholders
oftheworks reprintedin TheInternationalLibraryofSociology.
Thishas not been possibleineverycase, however, andwewould
welcomecorrespondencefrom thoseindividuals/companies
wehavebeenunableto trace.
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
AelPcataloguerecordfor thisbook
isavailablefrom theBritishLibrary
Publisher's Note
The publisherhas gone to great lengths to ensure the quality
ofthis reprint but points out that some imperfections
in the original may be apparent
ISBN13: 978-0-415-17571-5 (hbk)
ISBN13: 978-0-415-51366-1 (pbk)
CONTENTS
Page
Acknowledgements ix
I Planningfor Community Development 1
II A Rural Development Projectin Action 24
III Response to Change 56
IV State officials as Agents ofChange 85
V Problems ofCommunication 102
VI Cultural Factorsin Community Development 132
VII Evaluationand Comment 147
Appendix I The Village Level Worker-An Emerging
Role in Indian Village Life 157
Appendix II The Village Level Worker in Action-A
day-to-day record often days' work 192
Bibliography 223
Index 225
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
facingpage
1. VLWworkingintheplantnursery 48
2. DemonstrationoftheJapanesemethodofricecultivation 48
3. NewvarietiesofsugarcaneintroducedbytheProject 49
4. Demonstrationofnewmethodsofsowingsugarcane 49
5. Road-buildingbyvoluntarylabour 64
6. Volunteerroadbuildersrestingfromtheirlabours 64
7. A Rajput leader 65
8. A Tyagileader 65
9. Aninfluential upper-caste elder 65
10. Aninfluential untouchable elder 65
11. Demonstrations ofa "model" well and soakage pit 96
12. A women's socialeducationclass 96
13. Schoolboys beingfed at a celebration at the village Inter-
mediate College 97
14. A Project officer working with village youths 97
15. Drilltraining ofYouth Club members 112
16. VLW speaking to an agriculturist 112
17. Songpublicity-unit ofthe Project 113
18. Animportant leader speaking to village people 113
Map ofIndia xii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
As a product ofgroup research this volume owes much to co
workersandassociatesattheCornellFieldStation,inWesternU.P.,
India. LeelaDube, Raghuraj Gupta, R. PrakashRao, andTuljaram
Singhworkedwithmeasa team onthisproject. Materialsgathered
bythem,bothindependentlyandundermydirection,havegoneinto
the writing of this book. R. Prakash Rao and Tuljaram Singhcon
tinued to help me from the field while I was analysing the data in
the United States. Leela Dube undertook the responsibility for re
search among women in the field, and was associated clo~ely with
the analysis of field notes and writing of this book. Umesh Joshi
~oded and tabulated some ofthe questionnaires. Without their.col
laborationthis workcould not have beencompleted.
Forstimulation,friendship, andgeneralhelpinplanningandcon
ductinglhis research acknowledgement is due to John and Patricia
Hitchcock, John Gumperz, MichaelandPauline Mahar, Edward E.
LeClair, Jr., and Leigh Minturn. Han Sahai Saksena helped with
research on the role of village councils, and Shyam Narain Singh
gave some ofhistime to investigations onthe 4-H Clubs.
Forco-operationinthefield wearegratefultothevillagepeople,
manyofwhomwereinterviewedseveraltimes, andtothe officialsof
the Community Development Project who freely gave us their time
and co-operation. For practical reasons they must remain anony
mous.
Special thanks are due to D. G. Karve and V. Nath ofthe Pro
grammeEvaluationOrganization,TarlokSinghofthePlanningCom
mission, and D. P. Singh, of the Planning Research and Action
Institute, U.P., for theirinterestinthe researches partlyanalysedin
thisvolume. Theyprovidedcriticalinsightsand stimulation, butare
in no wayresponsiblefor the views expressed inthis study.
The book was written at the Cornell campus, in a stimulating
atmosphereofresearchanddiscussion.Thanksareduetocolleagues
andstudentsintheDepartmentofSociologyandAnthropologyand
the Department ofFar Eastern Studies, for fruitful discussion and
exchange ofideas. BaidyaNathVarmaofColumbiaUniversityand
Baij Nath Singhand Rudra Datta Singh ofCornell Universityread
some parts of the manuscript and gave the benefit of their ideas
and experience. The substance of Chapter V was presented in a
ix
Acknowledgements
seminar at the Center for International Studies, Massachusetts
Institute ofTechnology, and Chapter VI was offered as a paper in
thePanelon'The SouthAsianVillage', atthe 1956AnnualMeeting
oftheFarEasternAssociationatPhiladelphia.
JoanSearsistobethankedforherunderstandiIigandungrudging
secretarialassistance.
The map of India showing the Community Development Pro
jects and the National Extension Service Blocks was prepared by
Vinod Misra of the Department of Geography, University of
Saugar.
Finally, I have to thankthe IndiaProgramofCornellUniversity
for sponsoring this research in India, and for providing excellent
facilitiesofanalysisandwritingintheUnitedStates. MorrisEdward
Oplerwasassociated with thiswork ateverystage, and hisinterest,
sympathy,and. guidance havegone muchbeyondhis formal obliga
t~ons as_theDirectoroftheProgram.
S. C. DUBE
x
INDIA
:CNDs;X
re
COMMUN%TY PAOJ"C,TS-•••1fS:z.-S3
~
COMMUNITY 'ZHiVELOPM£NTGI.O(.I($. 1f51-n
[i]
COMMUNZTY '1)EV£l.Op,.,tNTBI.OGK
STU~It.o INTt1:lS GOOK.
xii
