Table Of ContentIndia-Japan-ASEAN Triangularity
Thisbookfocusesonthescope,potentialandfutureoftheIndia-Japan-Association
of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) trilateral.
Through this book, contributors examine the strategic and global partnership
between India and Japan and the collaboration with ASEAN. Analyzing con-
temporary strategic issues in the Indo-Pacific, the book takes up the complex link
between security and economics. It offers a thorough understanding on how the
majorAsianpowers,IndiaandJapan,cooperateandcoordinatewiththeASEAN.It
delves into some critical questions: Is there a scope for India-Japan-ASEAN trian-
gularity in the Indo-Pacific? Can a formal or institutional cooperation be forged
between these threeactors? Whatspecific cooperation could Indiaand Japan forge
withASEANasaninstitution?TowhatextentcaneachASEANmemberindepen-
dentlybecomeapartnerwithIndiaandJapan?
A novel assessment of the post-pandemic economic and political balancing and
restructuring, this book will be of interest to students of Asian politics, interna-
tional relations, strategic studies, regional organizations in Asia and think tanks
specializing in foreign policy, security studies, international trade and economics.
Jagannath P. Panda is Head of the Stockholm Centre for South Asian and
Indo-PacificAffairsattheInstituteforSecurityandDevelopmentPolicy,Sweden.
He is also Director of Europe-Asia Research Cooperation at the Yokosuka
Council of Asia-Pacific Studies and an International Research Fellow at the
Canon Institute for Global Studies, Japan. He is a former fellow at the Manohar
Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi, India.
Routledge Studies on Think Asia
Edited by Jagannath P. Panda, Institute for Security and Development
Policy,Sweden
This series addresses the current strategic complexities of Asia and forecasts how
these current complexities will shape Asia’s future.Bringing together empirical and
conceptualanalysis,theseriesexaminescriticalaspectsofAsianpolitics,withapar-
ticular focus on the current security and strategic complexities. The series includes
academic studies from universities, research institutes and think-tanks and policy
oriented studies. Focusing on security and strategic analysis on Asia’s current and
futuretrajectory,thisserieswelcomessubmissionsonrelationshippatterns(bilateral,
trilateralandmultilateral)inIndo-Pacific,regionalandsub-regionalinstitutionsand
mechanisms, corridors and connectivity, maritime security, infrastructure politics,
trade and economic models and critical frontiers (boundaries, borders, bordering
provinces)thatarecrucialtoAsia’sfuture.
URL:https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Studies-on-Think-Asia/book-series/TA
ASEAN and India-ASEAN Relations
Navigating Shifting Geopolitics
Edited by M. Mayilvaganan
Quad Plus and Indo-Pacific
The Changing Profile of International Relations
Edited by Ernest Gunasekara-Rockwell and Jagannath P. Panda
Indo-Pacific Strategies
Navigating Geopolitics at the Dawn of a New Age
Edited by Brendon J. Cannon and Kei Hakata
China in India’s Post-Cold War Engagement with Southeast Asia
Chietigj Bajpaee
New Democracy and Autocratization in Asia
Kuyoun Chung and Wobin Cho
India-Japan-ASEAN Triangularity
Emergence of a Possible Indo-Pacific Axis?
Edited by Jagannath P. Panda
Multilateralism in the Indo-Pacific
Conceptual and Operational Challenges
Edited by Swaran Singh and Reena Marwah
India-Japan-ASEAN
Triangularity
fi
Emergence of a Possible Indo-Paci c Axis?
Edited by
Jagannath P. Panda
Firstpublished2023
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Names:Panda,JagannathP.,editor.
Title:India-Japan-ASEANtriangularity:emergenceofapossible
Indo-Pacificaxis?/editedbyJagannathP.Panda.
Description:London;NewYork,NY:Routledge,Taylor&
FrancisGroup,2023.|
Series:RoutledgestudiesonthinkAsia;17|Includesbibliographical
referencesandindex.
Identifiers:LCCN2022005226(print)|LCCN2022005227(ebook)|
ISBN9781032075075(hardback)|ISBN9781032107295(paperback)|
ISBN9781003216766(ebook)
Subjects:LCSH:ASEAN.|SoutheastAsia--Foreignrelations--Japan.|
Japan--Foreignrelations--SoutheastAsia.|SoutheastAsia--Foreign
relations--India.|India--Foreignrelations--SoutheastAsia.|
SoutheastAsia--Foreigneconomicrelations--Japan.|Japan--Foreigneconomic
relations--SoutheastAsia.|SoutheastAsia--Foreigneconomic
relations--India.|India--Foreigneconomicrelations--SoutheastAsia.
Classification:LCCDS525.9.J3I532023(print)|LCCDS525.9.J3(ebook)|
DDC327.59052--dc23/eng/20220429
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2022005226
LCebookrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2022005227
ISBN:978-1-032-07507-5(hbk)
ISBN:978-1-032-10729-5(pbk)
ISBN:978-1-003-21676-6(ebk)
DOI:10.4324/9781003216766
TypesetinBaskerville
byTaylor&FrancisBooks
Contents
List of illustrations vii
List of contributors viii
List of abbreviations xii
1 ASEANCentrality:KeytoASEAN-India-JapanTripartiteCooperation? 1
JAGANNATHP.PANDA
PARTI
India and Japan’s ASEAN Outlooks 13
2 The ‘Japan Factor’ in India’s Engagement with Southeast Asia:
A Derived Relationship? 15
CHIETIGJBAJPAEE
3 Japan-India Relations and ASEAN Centrality in the Indo-Pacific 37
YASUYUKIISHIDA
PARTII
India-Japan-ASEAN’s Maritime Connect 59
4 The Struggle for Centrality: ASEAN, the South China Sea, and the
Sino-American New Cold War? 61
RICHARDJAVADHEYDARIAN
5 Treading the South China Sea: Forging Closer Ties with Claimant
Nations 76
YUKITATSUMI
6 Institutional Mechanisms and Maritime Development Cooperation:
Building a Context for India-Japan-ASEAN 91
TAKAAKIOIWAANDNIKOLAYMURASHKIN
vi Contents
7 Japan’s Coast Guard Diplomacy through Capacity Building in the
Indo-Pacific 120
KENTAROFURUYA
PARTIII
Triangularity and Power Configurations 135
8 China’s Perception of ASEAN Centrality and the Prospects of a
Middle Power Nexus 137
STEPHENR.NAGY
9 India-Japan Connectivity Outreach to ASEAN: Forging Trilateral
Cooperation 151
MAHIMADUGGAL
10 Japan’s Vientiane Vision and the Prospect of India-Japan-Australia
Cooperation: Towards Middle Power Leadership? 175
KYOKOHATAKEYAMA
11 India, Japan, ASEAN and Taiwan: Like-Minded Partners in a
Future of Critical Technologies 195
ZSUZSAA.FERENCZY
PARTIV
Trilateral to Quadrilateral 211
12 Japan’s Strategic Vision on Indo-Pacific Institutions: Quad, Quad
Plus and ASEAN Centrality 213
KEIKOGA
13 The China Conundrum and the Philippine Strategic Outlook on the
Quad 232
AARONJEDRABENA
14 ASEAN and the ‘Quad Plus’: Opportunity in Turbulence? 251
HUYNHTRUNGDUNG
15 Tokyo’s ‘Northeast India’ Diary: From Cooperation Corridor to
China 272
JAGANNATHP.PANDA
Index 288
Illustrations
Figures
3.1. South China Sea Disputes 44
3.2. China’s Great Wall of Sand in the SCS 45
6.1. Exclusive Economic Zones of Oceania 96
6.2. Japan’s ODA (total net) to Burma in 1960–2019, million USD
(2019) 103
6.3. Economic corridors in the Greater Mekong Subregion 104
6.4. Japan’s Vision for Supporting ASEAN Connectivity 105
6.5. Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) membership 111
8.1 ASEAN plays central role in regional frameworks 142
9.1. Japan’s ODA Disbursements in Asia (2011–2019) 153
13.1. The Duterte Administration’s Independent Foreign Policy 236
14.1. The trilateral nexus between ASEAN and the Quad Plus 259
15.1. Representation of major JICA investments in India by region 273
Tables
3.1 Japan-India Summit-level Diplomacy 48
3.2 Various Regional Initiatives, Visions, and Strategies 50
3.3 Quad Strategic Dialogue (Japan-India-US-Australia) 52
13.1. The Philippines and QMS Political/Territorial Disputes vis-à-vis
China 235
14.1. Implications of the Quad versus the Quad Plus for ASEAN 258
15.1. Japanese ODA investments in Northeast India over the last
decade 274
Contributors
Jagannath P. Panda is Head of the Stockholm Centre for South Asian and
Indo-Pacific Affairs (SCSA-IPA) at the Institute for Security and Development
Policy (ISDP), Sweden. He is also the Director of Europe-Asia Research
Cooperation at the YCAPS, a Senior Fellow at The Hague Centre for Stra-
tegic Studies in The Netherlands, and an International Research Fellow at the
Canon Institute for Global Studies (CIGS) in Japan. Dr Panda is the Series
Editor for Routledge Studies on Think Asia. He is the author of India-China
Relations (Routledge, 2017) and China’s Path to Power: Party, Military and the Poli-
tics ofStateTransition (Pentagon Press, 2010). His recent work includes Quad Plus
and the Indo-Pacific (Routledge, 2021), Scaling India-Japan Cooperation in Indo-Pacific
and Beyond 2025 (KW Publishers, 2019), and The Korean Peninsula and Indo-Pacific
Power Politics: Status Security at Stake (Routledge, 2020).
Chietigj Bajpaee has worked with several public policy think tanks and risk
consultancies in the United States, Europe and Asia, including the Center for
StrategicandInternationalStudies,theInternationalInstituteforStrategicStudies,
Control Risks and IHS Markit, and has held visiting fellowships at the Manohar
ParrikarInstituteforDefenceStudiesandAnalysesandVivekanandaInternational
Foundation. He completed his PhD on the King’s College London-National
UniversityofSingaporejointdoctoralprogramme.HeisauthorofChinainIndia’s
Post-ColdWarEngagementwithSoutheastAsia(Routledge,2022).
YasuyukiIshidaisanindependentresearchscholar.HehasworkedwiththeKeio
Research Institute at SFC (KRIS), the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, the
Sasakawa Peace Foundation (SPF), the Japan Institute of International Affairs
(JIIA),the InstituteforDefenceStudiesandAnalyses(MP-IDSA),theAustralian
StrategicPolicyInstitute(ASPI),andtheCouncilforSecurityCooperationinthe
Asia Pacific (CSCAP). He studied at Keio University (Japan), the University of
Wales,Aberystwyth(UK),andJawaharlalNehruUniversity(India).Hispublica-
tions include Jagannath Panda and Titli Basu (eds), China-India-Japan in the Indo-
Pacific:Ideas,InterestsandInfrastructure(2018).
RichardJavadHeydarianisanAsia-basedacademicandpolicyadviser.Heis
currently an Associate Professor lecturer in geopolitics at the Polytechnic
List of contributors ix
University of the Philippines and a special lecturer at San Beda University,
and has delivered lectures at the world’s leading universities, including Har-
vard, Stanford, Columbia and Beijing. He has written extensively on Phi-
lippine politics, populism and Asian geopolitical affairs. His latest books are
The Rise of Duterte: A Populist Revolt against Elite Democracy (2017) and The Indo-
Pacific: Trump, China, and the New Global Struggle for Mastery (2019). He is also a
regular contributor to leading global think tanks such as the Center for Stra-
tegic and International Studies (CSIS), the Brookings Institution and the
Council on Foreign Relations (CFR).
Yuki Tatsumi is a Senior Fellow and Co-Director of the East Asia Program
and Director of the Japan Program at the Stimson Center. Before joining
Stimson, Tatsumi worked as a research associate at the Center for Strategic
and International Studies (CSIS) and as special assistant for political affairs at
the Embassy of Japan in Washington. She also concurrently serves as Senior
Research Fellow at the Canon Institute for Global Studies (CIGS) in Tokyo,
Japan.
Takaaki Oiwa is a professor at Yamaguchi University and a former Senior
Research Fellow of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National
University of Singapore. His research interests include the strategic implica-
tions of regional and subregional cooperation in the Indo-Pacific super-region
and the role of civilizational states and empires in international relations
theory.
Nikolay Murashkin is a scholar of Japanese foreign policy and international
relations in Asia Pacific. His research interests include Japan’s development
cooperation and economic statecraft, the politics of connectivity infrastructure
and finance. He earned his PhD from the University of Cambridge. Nikolay’s
monograph ‘Japan and the New Silk Road’ was published in 2020.
Kentaro Furuya is an adjunct professor at the National Graduate Institute for
Policy Studies and professor at the Japan Coast Guard Academy. He is an
experienced coast guard officer and has engaged in various operations and
policy formulation both onshore and at sea. His research interests include mar-
itime security, maritime law enforcement, and maritime safety, in which he has
rich practical experience. He teaches international law, the law of the sea, and
coast guard operations’ policy to promising coast guard officers in Asia.
Stephen R. Nagy is a senior Associate Professor at the International Christian
University in Tokyo, a senior fellow at the MacDonald Laurier Institute; a
fellow at the Canadian Global Affairs Institute (CGAI); a senior fellow at the
East Asia Security Centre; and a visiting fellow with the Japan Institute for
International Affairs (JIIA).
Mahima Duggal is a Research Associate at the Centre for Air Power Studies
(CAPS) in New Delhi. Her research is focused on the changing balance of
power and security issues in the Indo-Pacific region. She has written
