in the name of allah

190 Pages·2010·2.98 MB·English

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,
THE ALL–BENEFICENT, THE ALL–MERCIFUL
:(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4) (cid:6)(cid:7) (cid:8)(cid:2)(cid:9)
5 .(cid:7)(cid:12)(cid:11) (cid:14)(cid:13)(cid:16)(cid:15) (cid:4)(cid:17) (cid:19)(cid:18) (cid:21)(cid:20) (cid:22)(cid:17)(cid:14)(cid:23)(cid:16)(cid:24) (cid:25)(cid:26)(cid:27)(cid:17) (cid:29)(cid:28) (cid:30)(cid:18)(cid:31)(cid:17) (cid:15)(cid:7) !(cid:24) "(cid:18) #(cid:24) $(cid:17) %(cid:18) (cid:22)(cid:23) (cid:7) (cid:19)(cid:18) &(cid:20) '(cid:18)((cid:17) )(cid:17) "(cid:28)*(cid:15) (cid:30)(cid:25) (cid:28) +(cid:25)-, (cid:7) .(cid:25)(cid:26)(cid:22)(cid:13)(cid:25)(cid:26) (cid:2)/(cid:17)102(cid:13)3
Indeed, Allah desires to repel all impurity from you, O People of the
Household, and purify you with a thorough purification.
(Surat al–Ahzab 33:33).
Prophetic traditions, mentioned in most reliable Sunni and Shiite
reference books of Hadith and Tafsir (Quranic Exegesis), confirm that
this holy verse was revealed to exclusively involve the five People of
the Cloak; namely, Muhammad, Ali, Fatimah, al–Hasan, and al–
Husayn, peace be upon them, to whom the term ‘Ahl al–Bayt (People
of the House)’ is solely dedicated.
For instance, refer to the following references:
(1) Ahmad ibn Hanbal (d. 241 AH), al–Musnad, 1:331; 4:107; 6:292,
304. (2) Sahih Muslim (d. 261 AH), 7:130. (3) Al–Tirmidhi (d. 279
AH), Sunan, 5:361 et al. (4) Al–Dulabi (d. 310 AH), al–Dhurriyyah
al–Tahirah al–Nabawiyyah, pp. 108. (5) Al–Nassa’i (d. 303 AH), al–
Sunan al–Kubra, 5:P108, 113. (6) al–Hakim al–Nayshaburi (d. 405
AH), al–Mustadrak ala al–Sahihayn, 2:416, 3:133, 146, 147. (7) al–
Zarkashi (d. 794 AH), al–Burhan, pp. 197. (8) Ibn Hajar al–Asqalani
(d. 852), Fath al–Bari Sharh Sahih al–Bukhari, 7:104.
As for Shiite reference books of Hadith, refer to the following
references:
(1) Al–Kulayni (d. 328 AH), Usul al–Kafi, 1:287. (2) Ibn Babawayh
(d. 329 AH), al–Imamah wa’l–Tabsirah, pp. 47, H. 29. (3) Al–
Maghribi (d. 363 AH), Da’aa’im al–Islam, pp. 35, 37. (4) Al–Saduq
(d. 381 AH), al–Khisal, pp. 403, 550. (5) Al–Tusi (d. 460 AH), al–
Amaali, H. 438, 482, 783.
For more details, refer to the exegesis of the holy verse involved in
the following reference books of tafsir: (1) Al–Tabari (d. 310 AH),
Book of Tafsir. (2) Al–Jassass (d. 370 AH), Ahkam al–Qur’an. (3)
Al–Wahidi (d. 468 AH), Asbaab al–Nuzoul. (4) Ibn al–Jawzi (d. 597
AH), Zaad al–Maseer. (5) Al–Qurtubi (d. 671 AH), al–Jami’ li–
Ahkam al–Qur’an. (6) Ibn Katheer (d. 774 AH), Book of Tafsir. (7)
Al–Tha’aalibi (d. 825 AH), Book of Tafsir. (8) Al–Suyouti (d. 911
AH), al–Durr al–Manthour. (9) Al–Shawkani (d. 1250 AH), Fath al–
Qadeer. (10) Al–Ayyashi (d. 320 AH), Book of Tafsir. (11) Al–
Qummi (d. 329 AH), Book of Tafsir. (12) Furt al–Kufi (d. 352 AH),
Book of Tafsir; in the margin of the exegesis of verse 4:59. (13) Al–
Tabrsi (d. 560 AH), Majma’ al–Bayan, as well as many other
reference books of Hadith and Tafsir.
THE SHI'AH AND

ISLAMIC DISCIPLINES
:(7) (cid:3)(cid:2) (cid:4) (cid:6)(cid:5) (cid:7)(cid:9)(cid:8) (cid:11)(cid:10) (cid:6)(cid:12) (cid:13)(cid:14)(cid:12)
(cid:13)$(cid:10)%(cid:16)&(cid:16) (cid:25)(cid:18) '(cid:8)(cid:26)( )*$(cid:10)(cid:31)(cid:10) +( # (cid:13),(cid:10) - '(cid:27)(cid:19)(cid:18)&(cid:10) .(cid:12) /(cid:18)0 (cid:31)(cid:27)1(cid:10)(cid:18)'2(cid:27)3(cid:10) (cid:3)(cid:2) (cid:4) 4(cid:10) (cid:13)'(cid:10)5(cid:27) :(cid:17)(cid:16) (cid:19)(cid:18)(cid:20)(cid:12)(cid:21)(cid:12)(cid:22)(cid:23)(cid:24)(cid:4) (cid:25)(cid:8)(cid:26)(cid:5) (cid:19)(cid:28)(cid:27) (cid:30)(cid:29) (cid:11)(cid:16)(cid:13)(cid:31)(cid:10) !"#
.6(cid:10) (cid:7)(cid:18)7(cid:10) (cid:24)((cid:4) ) (cid:20)(cid:12)2(cid:10) (cid:4)8(cid:10)1(cid:16)9(cid:10) :)';(cid:10) (cid:13)(cid:14)(cid:12)1(cid:16)'(cid:10)<(9(cid:10) (cid:17)(cid:18) (cid:24)(cid:12) (cid:13)$(cid:10)%(cid:8))"#3(cid:10) -(cid:4)=>&(cid:10)0 ?>(cid:27)@(cid:18)&(cid:10) (cid:4)(cid:7)(cid:20)AB(cid:27) (cid:31)(cid:10) (cid:17)(cid:18) (cid:24)(cid:12)
The Messenger of Allah (s(cid:1)) said:
“Verily, I am leaving among you two precious things [Thaqalayn]:
The Book of Allah and my progeny [‘Itrah], the members of my
Household [Ahl al-Bayt]. If you hold fast to them, you shall never
go astray. These two will never separate from each other until they
meet me at the Pond [h(cid:2)awd] (of Kawthar).”
This holy tradition has been narrated, with different paraphrases,
ī
by numerous Sunna and Sh ‘ah sources:
Al−Hākim an−Nayshābūrī, Al−Mustadrak ‘alā(cid:4) as(cid:1)-S(cid:2)ah(cid:2)īh(cid:2)ayn (Beirut),
vol. 3, pp. 109-10, 148, 533
Muslim, As(cid:1)-S(cid:2)ah(cid:2)īh, (English translation), book 31, h(cid:4)adīths 5920-3
At−Tirmidhi, As(cid:1)-S(cid:2)ah(cid:2)īh, vol. 5, pp. 621-622, h(cid:4)adīths 3786, 3788;
vol. 2, p. 219
An-Nassā’ī, Khas(cid:1)ā’is(cid:1) ‘Alī ibn Abī T(cid:6)ālib, h(cid:4)adīth 79
Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Al-Musnad, vol. 3, pp. 14, 17, 26; vol. 3, pp.
26, 59; vol. 4, p. 371; vol. 5, pp. 181-182, 189-190
Ibn al−Athīr, Jāmi‘ al−Us(cid:1)ūl, vol. 1, p. 277
Ibn Kathīr, Al−Bidāyah wa’n−Nihāyah, vol. 5, p. 209
Ibn Kathīr, Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-‘Az(cid:1)īm, vol. 6, p. 199
Nāsir ad-Dīn al-Albanī, Silsilat al-Ah(cid:2)ādīth as(cid:1)-S(cid:2)ah(cid:2)īh(cid:2)ah (Kuwait:
Dār as-Salafiyyah), vol. 4, pp. 355-358
THE SHI'AH
AND ISLAMIC DISCIPLINES

Sayid Hasan al–Sadr

Translator
'Umar Kumo

Cultural Affairs Department
The Ahl al–Bayt('a) World Assembly
م(cid:15)(cid:16)(cid:17)ا ن(cid:20)(cid:21)(cid:22) و (cid:24)(cid:25)(cid:26)(cid:27)(cid:28)ا :ب(cid:8)(cid:9)آ م(cid:8)(cid:13)
ر(cid:30)"(cid:28)ا #(cid:31)$ (cid:30)(cid:26)(cid:16) :(cid:29)(cid:30)(cid:21)(cid:31)ی(cid:20)(cid:13)
(cid:20)((cid:20)ک '*+ :%&'(cid:9)(
/(cid:31)(cid:26)01(cid:13)ا :(cid:24)*&'ﺕ ن(cid:8)-ز

The Shi'ah and Islamic Disciplines
Author: Sayyid Hasan al–Sadr
Translator: 'Umar Kumo
Project supervisor: Translation Unit, Cultural Affairs
Department / The Ahl al–Bayt (‘a) World Assembly
(ABWA)
Editor: Sayyid 'Abbas Husseini
Publisher: ABWA Publishing and Printing Center
First Printing: 2007
Printed by: Layla Press
Copies: 5, 000
© Ahl al–Bayt (‘a) World Assembly (ABWA)
www. ahl–ul–bayt. org
info@ahl–ul–bayt. org
ISBN: 978-964–529–554–5
All rights reserved
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE — 13
FOREWORD — 15
ABOUT THE AUTHOR — 19
His Birth and Early Life — 19
In the Holy City of Najaf — 19
In Samarra — 20
A Brief Biography of his Teacher — 21
His Return to Kazimiyyah — 26
His Sermons — 27
His Intellectual Attainments — 28
His Debates in Defence of the Truth — 28
His Competence in Literature — 29
His Works — 29
On the Fundamentals of Religion (Usul al–Din) — 29
On Jurisprudence — 30
On Hadith — 33
On the Science of the Context of Hadith (al–dirayah) — 34
On the Ways of Transmitting the Hadith — 35
On the Science of the Biography of Narrators — 35
On Indices — 36
On Ethics — 37
On Debating — 37
On Principles of Religious Jurisprudence — 38
On Arabic Grammar — 38
On History — 38
His Library — 39
8
His Authorities in Transmitting the Hadith — 40
His Physical Constitution and Appearance — 41
His Natural Disposition and Traits — 41
His Biography — 42
Those Whom he Granted Ijazah — 43
His Death, Funeral and Commemorations — 43
His Commemoration in the Iraqi Press — 44
The Unique Personality of Imam Sayyid Hasan al–Sadr — 44
The Lebanese Press — 47
His Birth — 49
His Name and Lineage — 49
How he Grew up and a Word on his Talents — 50
His Personal Qualities — 50
His Learning and Works — 51
The Date of his Death in Verse — 52
PREAMBLE — 53
CHAPTER ONE THE PRECEDENCE OF THE SHI’’’’AH IN
QURANIC SCIENCES — 55
Section One: The First Writers about Qur’anic Exegesis — 55
Section two: The First Writers of the Recitation of the Qur’an and the
First Compilers of the Different Recitations — 56
Section Three: The first to write about Qur’anic laws — 58
Section four: The First to Write about the Peculiarities of the Qur’an
(Gharib al–Qu’ran) — 59
Section five: The Shi’ah Pioneers in Writing about the Different
Meanings of the Qur’an — 59
Section Six: Shi'ah Authorities on the Qur’an — 62
Section Seven: The First Commentaries on All Qur'anic Sciences — 68
9
CHAPTER TWO THE PRECEDENCE OF THE SHI’’’’AH IN THE
SCIENCES OF HADITH — 69
Section One: The First Compilers and Arrangers of Hadīth — 69
Section Two: The First Persons to Compile Similar Hadiths under One
Topic — 70
Section Three: The First Among the Tabi’is to Compile the Hadith —
71
Section Four: The Shi’ah of the Second Century who Compiled the
Hadith in the Form of Sources (usul) and Sections (ajza’) — 73
Section Five: The Subsequent Shi’ah Compilers of Hadiths — 74
Section Six: Works Compiled by the Imamiyah Shi’ah on Hadith — 74
Section Seven: Masters of the Science of Hadith — 75
Section Eight: The Precedence of the Shi’ah in Founding the Science of
the Contextual Study of Hadith (dirayah) and its Classification into
Common Categories — 77
Section Nine: The First who Wrote about the Science of the Biography of
Transmitters of Hadith (ilm al–rijal) — 78
Section Ten: The First to Write about the Categories (tabaqat) of
Transmitters — 80
CHAPTER THREE THE PRECEDENCE OF THE SHI’’’’AH IN
ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE — 81
Section One: The First to Compile and Systematize Islamic
Jurisprudence — 81
Section Two: The Famous Jurists Among the Shi’ah of the very Early
Period — 82
Section Three: The Earlier Generations who Produced Works According
to the Ja’fari School — 83
Section Four: Some Extensive Compendia on Jurisprudence (fiqh) by the
Disciples of the Imams of the Ahl al–Bayt From Among the Generation
That came After the Tabi’is. — 84
10
CHAPTER FOUR PIONEERING ROLE OF THE SHI’’’’AH IN
THEOLOGY — 85
Section One: The First to Write about Theology — 85
Section Two: The First Followers of the Imams to Debate about
Shi’ism — 85
Section Three: Famous Authorities on Theology among the Shi’ah —
86
CHAPTER FIVE PRECEDENCE OF THE SHI’’’’AH IN THE
PRINCIPLES OF JURISPRUDENCE (USUL) — 97
CHAPTER SIX PRECEDENCE OF THE SHI’’’’AH IN WRITING
ABOUT ISLAMIC SECTS — 99
CHAPTER SEVEN SHI’’’’AH PRECEDENCE IN WRITING ABOUT
ETHICS — 101
CHAPTER EIGHT PIONEERING POSITION OF THE SHI’’’’AH IN
THE FIELD OF BIOGRAPHIES (SIYAR) — 103
CHAPTER NINE PRECEDENCE OF THE SHI’’’’AH IN
COMPILING ISLAMIC HISTORY — 105
Section One: The First to Write about This Discipline — 105
Section Two: The First to Write about All the Categories of Islamic
History — 105
Section Three: The Precedence of the Shi’ah in Geography — 109
Section Four: Prolific Shi’ah Writers in the Field of Narrations — 110
Section Five: The First Person to Write about the Predecessors
(al–awa’il) — 123

CHAPTER TEN THE PIONEERING ROLE OF THE SHI’’’’AH IN
LEXICOLOGY — 125
Section One: The Correct View as to the Pioneer of Arabic Lexicology — 125
Section Two: Other Renowned Shi'ah Lexicologists — 126