in Agronomy DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY

128 Pages·2013·10.45 MB·English

EFFECT OF AGE OF SEEDLINGS ON AROMATIC
RICE (Oryza sativa L.) VARIETIES UNDER SYSTEM
OF RICE INTENSIFICATION

THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF
Master of Science (Agriculture)

in

Agronomy

Supervisor Submitted by

Dr. Jainendra Kumar Singh Sawant Sandeep Narayan

DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY

INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY

VARANASI-221 005

INDIA

ID. No. A-14004 2016 Enrolment No. 367674
Dr. J. K. Singh Department of Agronomy
Institute of Agricultural Sciences,
Associate Professor
Mobile:+ 91-9450347087 Banaras Hindu University,
E-mail: [email protected] Varanasi - 221 005 (U.P.)
INDIA.

Ref. No. …………………… Date: …./.…/ 2016

CERTIFICATE
To
The Deputy Registrar (Academic)
Office of the Registrar,
Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi - 221 005 (India)
Through: The Head
Department of Agronomy
Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Banaras Hindu University
Varanasi – 221 005.
Sir,
I have great pleasure in forwarding the thesis entitled “Effect of age of
seedlings on aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties under system of rice
intensification.” submitted by Mr. Sawant Sandeep Narayan, (I.D. No. A-14004),
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science
(Agriculture) in Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu
University, Varanasi, (U. P.) and placing on record that he has completed the requisite
residential requirements as contained in the statutes of the university.
I certify that the work has been carried out under my guidance and the data
forming the basis of the thesis, to the best of my knowledge are original, genuine and
no part of the work has been submitted for any other degree or institution.
Thanking you,

Forwarded by Yours faithfully,

(J. K. Singh)
Supervisor
Effect of age of seedlings on aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties
under System of rice intensification

by
Sawant Sandeep Narayan

Thesis submittedin partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE (AGRICULTURE)
IN
AGRONOMY

DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY
INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY
VARANASI – 221 005
INDIA

I.D. No.: A-14004 2016 Enrolment No.: 367674

THESIS APPROVED BY ADVISORY COMMITTEE

CHAIRMAN : Dr. J. K. Singh
Associate Professor
Department of Agronomy,
I.Ag.Sc., Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.

MEMBER : Dr. S. P. Singh
Professor
Department of Agronomy
I.Ag.Sc., Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.

MEMBER : Dr. M. K. Singh
Professor
Department of Agronomy
I.Ag.Sc., Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.

MEMBER : Dr. Pravin Prakash
Associate Professor
Department of Plant Physiology,
I.Ag.Sc., Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.

EXTERNAL EXAMINER:
Acknowledgement

With a deep sense of devotion I bow my head and offer flowers of reverence to
Bharat Ratna Mahamana Pt. Madan Mohan Malviya, the Founder of Banaras Hindu
University, for his life time sacrifice and efforts in establishing such a great temple of
learning for the cause of millions of students like me.
It is exquisitely a jubilating occasion and unique opportunity to express my hearty
indebtedness to my esteemed guide Dr. Jainendra Kumar Singh, Department of Agronomy,
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. I feel extreme
pleasure to owe my profound sense of gratitude and indebtedness for his scholastic
guidance, perceptive criticism, affection and constant source of inspiration which enabled
me to complete the task with great ease and will thus continue to occupy a prominent
place in my memory.
I owe my sincere thanks to the members of my advisory committee, Prof. S. P.
Singh, (Professor), Department of Agronomy, Prof. M. K. Singh, (Professor), Department
of Agronomy and Dr. Pravin Prakash, (Associate Professor), Department of Plant
Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi
(U.P.) for their critical suggestion, impeccable and benevolent guidance.
I express my sincere thanks to Dr. Avijit Sen, Professor and Head, Department of
Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, for providing all
facilities needed for completion of the research work.
My profound gratefulness and thanks are to Dr. R, P. Singh (Director), Dr. A.
Vaishampayan (Dean), and all the respected teachers of the Department of Agronomy, for
their valuable suggestions and criticism during the course of this study.
My special thanks to Mr. Vijay Pratap Singh, Mr. J. C. N. Tripathi, Mr. Nandu
Ram Yadav and Mr. Shayam Sundar for whole hearted co-operation and continues
inspiration.
With profound regards in a more personal sense, I owe deepest debts to my parents
Shri Sawant Narayan Vithalrao and Smt. Sawant Panchefulabai Narayan and my lovely
brother ’s {Santosh (Big B), Deepak and Jalandhar} and my family members who taught
me the value of wisdom based on erudition but without enslaved by it and their persistent
inspiration, selfless sacrifice, continuous encouragement and blessing gave untiring help
and have enabled me to be so today.
Without the help of seniors no one can learn the lesson of life and cannot teach the
same to loving juniors so, heartfelt and special thanks to my seniors Dr. Arun Chavan, Dr.
Ravishanker Pardi, Dr. Anant Madakemohekar, Dr. Ashish Latare, Mr. Ananda
Madane, Mr. Mukesh Laichattiwar, Mr. Pramod Lawate, Dr. Akhilesh Vishwakarma,
Mr. Abhinav Kumar Mr. Ravi Kant Mr. Vikram Kumar and Ms. Neha Sharma for their
co-operation during the study and investigation.
I am highly thankful to the company of my batchmates, for their moral support,
co-operation and priceless suggestions and special thanks to Ritesh Parihar, Abhishek
Shori, Aloke kumar Sonkar, Sudhanshu Verma, Sandeep Chahar, Ajoy Das, Suman
Mondal, Deshraj Yadav, Jyoti prakash Mishra, Abhishek Singh, Awadesh Singh, Ankesh
Kumar, Swati Swamprabha Pradhan, Twinkle Jena, Anwesha Dalbehera, Pooja, Puja
Kumari and other deserves my appreciation for their cooperation and help at various stages
of the investigations.
It is pleasure for me to give thanks to my lovely juniors Anoop, Darpan, Aakash,
Nirjit, Anurag and Sachin.
Before pen down, I once again confess that I do not know how to acknowledge
the help and co-operation of my Supervisor, members of advisory committee, family
members and relatives, seniors, juniors, colleagues but above feeling are followed from the
core of my heart in the shape of words and as gospel truth.
The graces of the God are always blessed to me and give me patience and power to
overcome the difficulties which came my way in accomplishment of this endeavour. I
cannot dare to say thanks but only pray to bless me always.
Above all, my humble and whole hearted prostration to Lord Baba Vishwanath,
Sankat Mochan & Goddess Saraswati for their blessings.
Lastly, I bow at the feet of “Goddess Saraswati” with whose omnipresent blessing
today on the eve of completion of my thesis. This is a long adventurous journey to the
unknown destination with a hope for future. I was not alone in this journey to accomplish
this Herculean task, and I am in a position to acknowledge all those, who helped me a lot
to cross the way in finishing the marathon work.
Great thanks to all.

Date: - 07-2016
Place: Varanasi (Sawant Sandeep Narayan)
CONTENTS

Chapter Page(s)

Chapter I : Introduction 1-4

Chapter II: Review of Literature 5-27

Chapter III: Material and Methods 28-47

Chapter IV: Experimental Findings 48-62

Chapter V: Discussion 63-72

Chapter VI: Summary and Conclusion 73-77

Bibliography i-x

Appendices i-iii
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
% Per cent
/ Per
Rupees
@ At the rate of
AC Adamchini
BB Badshahbhog
B: C Benefit cost ratio
C.D. Critical difference
cm Centimeter
d.f. Degree of freedom
DAT Days after transplanting
dSm-1 Decisiemens per meter
e.g. For example
EC Electrical conductivity
et al. And others
Fig. Figure
g Gram
ha Hectare
ha-1 Per hectare
hrs Hours
i.e. Id est.(that is)
Kg Kilogram
KN Kalanamak
l Litre
m Meter
m ha Million hectare
Max. Maximum
Min. Minimum
mm Millimeter
No. Number
NS Non significant
oC Degree centigrade
pH Puissance he hydrogen
q Quintal
SEm± Standard error of mean
SMP Standard management practices
SRI System of rice intensification
t Tonnes
viz. Namely
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO. PARTICULARS PAGE NO.
Table 3.1 Mean standard week-wise meteorological parameters during
crop season (kharif), 2015....................................................................29
Table 3.2 Mechanical and physico-chemical analyses of soil of the
experimental field ................................................................................32
Table 3.3 Cropping history of the experimental field ..........................................33
Table 3.4 Treatment details .................................................................................34
Table 3.5 Details of layout plan ...........................................................................35
Table 3.6 Treatment combinations (12) tested under experiment .......................35
Table 3.7 Detail of field operations carried out during experiment ............... 39-40
Table 3.8 Chemical analyses of plant ..................................................................46
AFTER
PAGE NO.
Table 4.1 Effect of age of seedlings on plant height (cm) of aromatic rice
varieties under SRI ...............................................................................48
Table 4.2 Effect of age of seedlings on number of tillers hill-1 of aromatic
rice varieties under SRI ........................................................................49
Table 4.3 Effect of age of seedlings on dry matter accumulation hill-1 (g)
of aromatic rice varieties under SRI ....................................................49
Table 4.4 Effect of age of seedlings on leaf-area index of aromatic rice
varieties under SRI ...............................................................................50
Table 4.5 Effect of age of seedlings on chlorophyll content (SPAD value)
of aromatic rice varieties under SRI ....................................................51
Table 4.6 Effect of age of seedlings on 50% flowering and 50%
physiological maturity of aromatic rice varieties under SRI ...............52
Table 4.7 Effect of age of seedlings on yield attributes of aromatic rice
varieties under SRI ...............................................................................54
Table 4.8 Effect of age of seedlings on grain and straw yield of aromatic
rice varieties under SRI ........................................................................56
TABLE NO. PARTICULARS AFTER
PAGE NO.
Table 4.9 Effect of age of seedlings on content and removal of nitrogen by
aromatic rice varieties under SRI ........................................................57
Table 4.10 Effect of age of seedlings on content and removal of phosphorus
by aromatic rice varieties under SRI ....................................................58
Table 4.11 Effect of age of seedlings on content and removal of potassium
by aromatic rice varieties under SRI ....................................................59
Table 4.12 Effect of age of seedlings on protein content (%) and protein
yield (kg ha-1) of aromatic rice varieties under SRI .............................60
Table 4.13 Effect of age of seedlings on the economics of aromatic rice
varieties under SRI ...............................................................................61
Table 4.14 Effect of treatments on the economics of aromatic rice varieties
under SRI .............................................................................................61
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO. PARTICULARS PAGE NO.
Fig. 3.1 Mean standard week-wise meteorological parameters during
crop season (kharif), 2015....................................................................30
Fig. 3.2 Layout plan of the experiment .............................................................36
AFTER
PAGE NO.
Fig. 5.1 Effect of age of seedlings on plant height (cm) of aromatic rice
varieties under SRI ...............................................................................63
Fig. 5.2 Effect of age of seedlings on number of tillers hill-1 of aromatic
rice varieties under SRI ........................................................................63
Fig. 5.3 Effect of age of seedlings on dry matter accumulation hill-1 (g)
of aromatic rice varieties under SRI ....................................................63
Fig. 5.4 Effect of age of seedlings on leaf-area index of aromatic rice
varieties under SRI ...............................................................................64
Fig. 5.5 Effect of age of seedlings on chlorophyll content (SPAD value)
of aromatic rice varieties under SRI ....................................................64
Fig. 5.6 Effect of age of seedlings on 1000-grain weight (g), panicle
length (cm) and panicle weight (g) of aromatic rice varieties
under SRI .............................................................................................65
Fig. 5.7 Effect of age of seedlings on panicle m-2, panicle-1 and unfilled
spikelets panicle-1 of aromatic rice varieties under SRI .......................65
Fig. 5.8 Effect of age of seedlings on grain and straw yield (kg ha-1) of
aromatic rice varieties under SRI .........................................................65
Fig. 5.9 Effect of age of seedlings on protein removal of aromatic rice
varieties under SRI ...............................................................................66
Fig. 5.10 Effect of age of seedlings on nutrient removal (kg ha-1) in grain
and straw by aromatic rice varieties under SRI ...................................66
Fig. 5.11 Effect of age of seedlings on the economics of aromatic rice
varieties under SRI ...............................................................................71