Improvements in Bio-Based Building Blocks Production Through Process Intensification and Sustainability Concepts

252 Pages·2021·4.733 MB·English

by  Juan Gabriel Segovia-Hernandez, Eduardo Sanchez-Ramirez, Cesar Ramirez-Marquez, Gabriel Contreras-Zarazúa

Improvements in
Bio-Based Building
Blocks Production
Through Process
Intensification and
Sustainability Concepts
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Improvements in
Bio-Based Building
Blocks Production
Through Process
Intensification and
Sustainability Concepts
JUAN GABRIEL SEGOVIA-HERNÁNDEZ
Department of Chemical Engineering,University of
Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
EDUARDO SÁNCHEZ-RAMÍREZ
Department of Chemical Engineering,University of
Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
CÉSAR RAMÍREZ-MÁRQUEZ
Department of Chemical Engineering,University of
Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
GABRIEL CONTRERAS-ZARAZÚA
Department of Chemical Engineering,University of
Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
Elsevier
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Contents
Authorbiographies ix
1. Why are bio-basedchemicalbuilding blocks needed? 1
1.1 Arebio-basedchemicalbuildingblocksneeded? 1
1.1.1 Drop-inbio-basedchemicals 5
1.1.2 Novelbio-basedchemicals 5
1.1.3 C6andC6/C5Sugar 8
1.1.4 Plant-basedoil 9
1.1.5 Algaeoil 10
1.1.6 Organicsolutions 10
1.1.7 Lignin 11
1.1.8 Pyrolysisoil 12
References 13
2. Processintensification and sustainability 15
2.1 Processintensificationandsustainabilityinbioblocks 15
References 23
3. Basic concepts on simulation of (bio)chemicalprocesses 25
3.1 (Bio)chemicalprocesses 25
3.2 Conceptofsimulationinbioprocesses(chemical) 25
3.2.1 Simulationcategoriesforbiochemicalprocesses 26
3.2.2 Processsimulationbiochemicalapplications 28
3.3 Conceptofmodelingandtoolsinprocessbiochemicals 31
3.4 Theroleofsimulationandprocessmodelingbiochemicals 31
3.5 Theroleofprocessoptimizationbiochemicals 32
References 32
4. Bioethanol 33
4.1 Bioethanol 33
4.2 Petrochemicalrouteofethanolproduction 34
4.2.1 Process,rawmaterial,andkinetics 34
4.2.2 Performanceindexintheproductionofethanolthrough
petrochemical 36
4.2.3 Disadvantagesintheproductionofethanolthroughpetrochemical 37
v
vi Contents
4.3 Conventionalbioethanolproductionprocess 37
4.3.1 Rawmaterialfortheproductionofbioethanol 37
4.3.2 Productionofbioethanolfromlignocellulosicbiomass 39
4.3.3 Advantagesanddisadvantagesofbioethanolproduction 44
4.4 Problemsoftheprocessforobtainingconventionalbioethanol 46
4.5 Proposalstointensifytheprocessforobtainingbioethanol 46
4.5.1 Synthesis 47
4.5.2 Design 50
4.5.3 Control 54
4.6 Conclusions 58
References 58
5. Biobutanol 61
5.1 Generalcharacteristics,uses,andapplications 61
5.2 Productionofbutanolfromfossilsources 64
5.3 Butanolproductionbythebiochemicalroute 66
5.3.1 Metabolicpathwayofacetone-butanol-ethanolfermentation 66
5.3.2 Conventionalrawmaterialtoproducebutanol 67
5.3.3 Isopropanol-butanol-ethanolfermentation 71
5.4 Processintensificationappliedtobutanolproduction 72
5.4.1 Processintensificationinthereactivezone 73
5.4.2 Processintensificationinthedownstreamprocess 79
5.5 Controllabilitystudiesappliedtointensifiedalternativesforbiobutanol
purification 87
5.6 Conclusions 89
References 89
6. Furfural 95
6.1 Introduction 95
6.2 Usesoffurfural 96
6.3 Currentfurfuralmarkets 98
6.4 Stoichiometricandkineticsmodelsforfurfuralproduction 100
6.5 Currenttechnologiesforfurfuralproduction 102
6.6 Newintensifiedproposesforfurfuralproduction 106
6.6.1 Advancesinfurfuralpurification 106
6.6.2 Objectivefunctions 110
6.6.3 Optimizationresults 114
6.6.4 Advancesinfurfuralpurificationusinghybridextractive
distillationschemes 117
6.7 Conclusions 121
References 123
Contents vii
7. Levulinic acid 127
7.1 Introduction 127
7.2 Currentusesoflevulinicacid 129
7.3 Currentlevulinicacidmarkets 130
7.4 Kineticsmodelsforlevulinicacidproduction 132
7.5 Currentforlevulinicacidproduction 133
7.6 Newintensifiedproposalsforlevulinicacidproduction 137
7.7 Conclusions 144
References 144
8. Ethyl levulinate 147
8.1 Introduction 147
8.2 Currentapplicationsandmarketsofethyllevulinate 148
8.3 Kineticsmodelsforethyllevulinateproduction 149
8.4 Currenttechnologiesforethyllevulinateproduction 150
8.5 Currentadvancesinethyllevulinateproduction 152
8.6 Conclusions 155
References 156
9. 2,3-Butanediol 157
9.1 Introduction 157
9.2 Productionof2,3-BDfromfossilandrenewablesources 160
9.2.1 Microorganismsusefulintheproductionof2,3-BD 162
9.3 Rawmaterialfor2,3-BDproduction 165
9.3.1 Nonrenewablerawmaterials 166
9.3.2 Renewablerawmaterials 168
9.4 Processintensification(PI)in2,3-BDproduction 169
9.5 PIin2,3-BDrecovery 170
9.6 Conclusions 175
References 175
10. Methyl ethylketone 181
10.1 Introduction 181
10.2 MEKproduction 184
10.2.1 MEKproductionfromnonrenewablesources 184
10.2.2 MEKproductionfromrenewablesources 185
10.2.3 Productionokmethylethylketonethroughprocessintensified
schemes 188
viii Contents
10.3 PurificationofMEKthroughintensifiedprocess 195
10.4 Conclusionandfutureinsights 200
References 200
11. Lacticacid 203
11.1 Lacticacid 203
11.1.1 Usesoflacticacid 204
11.1.2 Marketanddemandforlacticacid 205
11.2 Chemicalrouteoflacticacidproduction 206
11.2.1 Process,rawmaterial,andreactions 206
11.2.2 Performanceindexinlacticacidproductionviapetrochemical 207
11.2.3 Disadvantagesintheproductionoflacticacidvia
petrochemical 207
11.3 Conventionalprocessofproductionoflacticacidviafermentation
ofbiomass 208
11.3.1 Rawmaterialfortheproductionoflacticacidviabiomass 209
11.3.2 Lacticacidproductionviabiomass 209
11.3.3 Advantagesanddisadvantagesoflacticacidproductionvia
biomass 212
11.3.4 Problemsintheproductionoflacticacidviabiomass 212
11.4 Proposalsforintensificationoftheprocessofobtaininglacticacidvia
biomass 212
11.4.1 Synthesisanddesign 213
11.4.2 Optimization 216
11.5 Conclusions 224
References 224
12. Future insightsinbio-based chemical buildingblocks 227
12.1 Futureinsightsinbio-basedchemicalbuildingblocks 227
References 231
Index 233
Author biographies
Juan Gabriel Segovia-Hernández, Professor in
the Department of Chemical Engineering of
University of Guanajuato (México), has expertise in
the synthesis, design, and optimization of biopro-
cesses. He has contributed to defining systematic
methodologies to found, in a complete way, opti-
mum sustainable and green processes for the pro-
duction of several commodities. He also applied his
methodologies to the production of biofuels and
biobased building blocks. Products of his research are more than 140 papers
published in high-impact-factor indexed journals, 3 books with prestigious
international publishers, and 4 patent registers. In addition, he acts as a
reviewer for more than 25 top journals in chemical engineering, energy,
and applied chemistry. For his pioneering work and remarkable achieve-
ments in his area of scientific research, he was elected National President of
the Mexican Academy of Chemical Engineering (2013(cid:1)15) and has been a
member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences since 2012. He also is the
Associate Editor of Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification
Journal and Chemical Engineering Research and Design Journal (Elsevier).
Eduardo Sánchez-Ramírez, Professor at the
Department of Chemical Engineering at the
University of Guanajuato (Mexico) since 2017, has
gained considerable experience in the area of syn-
thesis, design, simulation, control, and optimization
of chemical processes. Currently published contri-
butions focus on the production of biofuels and
base chemicals in the chemical industry. He has
currently published more than 35 articles in
indexed journals, 9 book chapters with renowned
publishers, and has registered 2 patents. He acts as a reviewer of indexed
journals in the area of energy and chemical engineering. He earned his
PhD summa cum laude in 2017 and his National System of Researchers
Level 1, SNI Mexico in 2019. He was Guest Editor of Chemical
Engineering and Processing Process Intensification Journal in May 2020.
ix