Imported Skin Diseases, Second Edition

317 Pages·2013·6.594 MB·English

Imported Skin Diseases
Imported Skin
Diseases
EDITED BY
William R. Faber MD, PhD
EmeritusProfessorofTropicalDermatology
DepartmentofDermatology
AcademicMedicalCenter
UniversityofAmsterdam
Amsterdam,theNetherlands
Roderick J. Hay DM, FRCP, FRCPath
ProfessorofCutaneousInfection
KingsCollegeLondon
London,UK
Bernard Naafs MD, PhD
VisitingProfessor
RegionalDermatologyTrainingCenter(RDTC)
Moshi,Tanzania;and
InvitedProfessor
InstitutoLaurodeSouzaLima(ILSL)
Bauru,Brazil;and
Consultant
StichtingTropen-Dermatologie
Munnekeburen,theNetherlands
SECOND EDITION
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Importedskindiseases/editedbyWilliamR.Faber,RoderickJ.Hay,BernardNaafs.–2nded.
p.;cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-470-67226-6(hardback:alk.paper)
I.Faber,WilliamRichard,1940- II.Hay,R.J.(RoderickJ.),1947- III.Naafs,B.(Bernard)
[DNLM:1.SkinDiseases–diagnosis. 2.SkinDiseases–epidemiology. 3.DiseaseTransmission,
Infectious. 4.EmigrationandImmigration. 5.RareDiseases–diagnosis. 6.Travel.WR141]
616.5–dc23
2012021653
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1 2013
WilliamR.FaberMD,PhDstudiedmedicineattheUniversityofLeiden.
Thereafter, he was a medical officer in Uganda and practiced as a gen-
eral practitioner in the Netherlands. He was trained as a dermatovenere-
ologist at the Binnengasthuis, Amsterdam (Professor Dr R.H. Cormane).
He completed his PhD from the University of Amsterdam. Thereafter, he
wasaconsultantdermatologistattheMeanderMedischCentrum,Amers-
foort, and Professor in Tropical Dermatology at the Academic Medical
Centre (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Atpresent,heisEmeritusProfessorofTropicalDermatologyatUniversity
ofAmsterdam.
BernardNaafsMD,PhDwastrainedasadermatovenereologistbyPro-
fessor Cormane at the Binnengasthuis in Amsterdam. He worked dur-
ing 1974–1979 in Ethiopia and during 1983–1986 in Zimbabwe. For
14 years, he has divided his time between the Netherlands (Antonius
hospital, Emmeloord and Diaconessenhuis, annex Steenwijk), and the
developing countries, particularly, each year 3 months at the Regional
Dermatology Training Centre in Moshi, Tanzania, and 3 months at the
InstitutoLaurodeSouzaLima,Bauru,SP,Brazil.
RoderickJ.HayDM,FRCP,FRCPathistheChairmanoftheInterna-
tionalFoundationforDermatology,ConsultantDermatologist,SkinInfec-
tion Clinic, Kings College Hospital, London, and Professor of Cutaneous
Infection, Kings College London. He is Emeritus Professor of Dermatol-
ogy,QueensUniversityBelfast(QUB)andHonoraryProfessorintheClin-
ical Research Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. He
waspreviouslyHeadoftheSchoolofMedicineandDentistryandDeanof
the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queens University Belfast.
Beforethis,hewasMaryDunhillProfessorofCutaneousMedicineatthe
St Johns Institute of Dermatology, London. He currently coordinates the
dermatologysubmissionfortheGlobalBurdenofDiseaseProject(WHO).
Contents
Contributors,ix
1 Introduction,1
W.R.Faber,R.J.Hay,&B.Naafs
2 PrecautionsandProtection,4
W.R.Faber,R.J.Hay,&B.Naafs
3 PigmentaryDisordersinBlackSkin,8
J.P.W.vanderVeen&L.Nieuweboer-Krobotova
4 DifferencebetweenPigmentedandNonpigmentedSkin,19
B.Naafs
5 InfluenceoftheNewEnvironmentontheSkin,31
S.Badeloe&H.E.Menke
6 FungalInfections,45
R.J.Hay
7 MycobacterialInfections,64
W.R.Faber
8 Leprosy,79
B.Naafs&W.R.Faber
9 BuruliUlcer,94
D.S.Walsh,W.M.Meyers,&F.Portaels
10 UlceratingPyodermas,107
J.E.Zeegelaar
11 Rickettsioses,114
P.A.Kager&H.G.Schipper
12 ViralDiseases,123
R.M.Mays,R.A.Gordon,S.Javed,J.M.Wilson,W.J.LaPolla,
N.A.Kjar,&S.K.Tyring
13 SexuallyTransmittedInfections,149
M.Waugh&H.J.C.deVries
vii
viii Contents
14 EndemicTreponematoses,162
H.J.H.Engelkens
15 AmericanTegumentaryLeishmaniasis,171
C.Talhari, J.A.deOliveiraGuerra,A.Chrusciak-Talhari,
P.R.L.Machado,&S.Talhari
16 Leishmaniasis:OldWorld,189
F.Vega-Lo´pez
17 Onchocerciasis/Filariasis,205
M.E.Murdoch
18 Schistosomiasis,226
A.M.Polderman&L.vanLieshout
19 Tungiasis,234
H.Feldmeier&J.Heukelbach
20 CutaneousLarvaMigrans,243
J.Heukelbach&H.Feldmeier
21 Myiasis,252
R.Kapoor, T.A.McGraw,&D.M.Elston
22 PersistentInsectBites,264
C.L.M.vanHees
23 BeetleDermatitis,273
M.Glatz&P.Schmid-Grendelmeier
24 AquaticSkinDisorders,283
M.T.W.Gaastra
25 GeographicDistribution,293
W.R.Faber,R.J.Hay,&B.Naafs
26 ClinicalProblems,296
W.R.Faber,R.J.Hay,&B.Naafs
Index,299
Contributors
SadhannaBadeloeMD,PhD HermannFeldmeierMD,Ph.D.
Dermatovenerologist ProfessorofTropicalMedicine
DepartmentofDermatology InstituteofMicrobiologyandHygiene
MedicalCentreHaaglanden Charite´UniversityMedicine
TheHague,theNetherlands Berlin,Germany
AnnetteChrusciak-TalhariPhD MennoT.W.GaastraMD
Dermatologist Dermatologist
Fundac¸a˜odeMedicinaTropicalDr.Heitor CentrumOosterwal
VieiraDourado ClinicforDermatologyandFlebology
Manaus,Brazil Alkmaar,theNetherlands
MartinGlatzMD
JorgeAugustodeOliveira
ResidentinDermatology
GuerraPhD
DepartmentofDermatology
Infectologist
UniversityHospitalofZu¨rich
Fundac¸a˜odeMedicinaTropicalDr.Heitor
Zu¨rich,Switzerland
VieiraDourado
Manaus,Brazil
RachelA.GordonMD
ClinicalResearchFellow
HenrydeVriesMD,PhD
CenterforClinicalStudies
ProfessorofSkinInfections
DepartmentofDermatology
DepartmentofDermatology
UniversityofTexasMedicalSchool
AcademicMedicalCenter
Houston,TX,USA
UniversityofAmsterdam
Amsterdam,theNetherlands
RoderickJ.HayDM,FRCP,FRCPath
ProfessorofCutaneousInfection
DirkElstonMD
KingsCollegeLondon
Director
London,UK
AckermanAcademyofDermatopathology
NewYork,NY,USA
Jo¨rgHeukelbachMD,MScIH,PhD
ProfessorofEpidemiology
HermanJ.H.EngelkensMD,PhD
DepartmentofCommunityHealth
DepartmentofDermatologyandVenereology
SchoolofMedicine
IkaziaHospital
FederalUniversityofCeara´
Rotterdam,theNetherlands
Fortaleza,Brazil;and
AdjunctProfessor
WilliamR.FaberMD,PhD
AntonBreinlCentreforPublicHealth
EmeritusProfessorofTropicalDermatology
andTropicalMedicine
DepartmentofDermatology
SchoolofPublicHealth
AcademicMedicalCenter
TropicalMedicineandRehabilitationSciences
UniversityofAmsterdam
JamesCookUniversity
Amsterdam,theNetherlands
Townsville,Australia
ix
x Contributors
SabaJavedBS HenkE.MenkeMD,PhD
MedicalStudent Dermatologist
UniversityofTexasMedicalSchoolatHouston HistoryofMedicineDepartment
Houston,TX,USA JuliusCenterforHealthSciencesand
PrimaryCare
PietA.Kager UniversityMedicalCenter(UMC)
EmeritusProfessorofTropicalMedicine Utrecht,theNetherlands
DepartmentofMedicine
DivisionofInfectiousDiseases,UnitofTropical WayneM.MeyersMD,PhD
Medicine FormerChief
AcademicMedicalCenter MicrobiologyDivision
UniversityofAmsterdam ArmedForcesInstituteofPathology
Amsterdam,theNetherlands Washington,DC,USA
RogerKapoorMD,MBA MicheleE.MurdochBSc,FRCP
DermatologyResident ConsultantDermatologist
DermatologyDepartment WatfordGeneralHospital
MassachusettsGeneralHospital Watford,UK
HarvardMedicalSchool
Boston,MA,USA BernardNaafsMD,PhD
VisitingProfessor
NatalieA.KjarBS RegionalDermatologyTrainingCenter(RDTC)
MedicalStudent Moshi,Tanzania;and
UniversityofTexasMedicalSchool InvitedProfessor
Houston,TX,USA InstitutoLaurodeSouzaLima(ILSL)
Bauru,Brazil;and
WhitneyJ.LaPollaMD Consultant
DermatologyResident StichtingTropen-Dermatologie
CenterforClinicalStudies Munnekeburen,theNetherlands
DepartmentofDermatology
UniversityofTexasMedicalSchool L.Nieuweboer-KrobotovaMD
Houston,TX,USA Head,Outpatient’sClinic
NetherlandsInstituteforPigmentDisorder
LisettevanLieshoutPhD AcademicMedicalCenter
AssociateProfessor UniversityofAmsterdam
HumanParasitology Amsterdam,theNetherlands
LeidenUniversityMedicalCenter
Leiden,theNetherlands AntonM.PoldermanPhD
AssociateProfessorofParasitology(Retired)
PauloRobertoLima LeidenUniversityMedicalCenter
MachadoPhD Leiden,theNetherlands
Dermatologist
UniversityHospitalProf.EdgardSantos Franc¸oisePortaelsPhD
UniversidadeFederaldaBahia EmeritusProfessor
Salvador,Brazil FormerHead
MycobacteriologyUnit
RanaM.MaysMD DepartmentofBiomedicalSciences
Fellow InstituteofTropicalMedicine
InternalMedicineAttendingClinicalResearch Antwerp,Belgium
DepartmentofDermatology
BaylorCollegeofMedicine HansG.SchipperMD,PhD
Houston,TX,USA Retired,staffmember
DepartmentofInternalMedicine
TimothyA.McGrawMD AcademicMedicalCenter
ChiefofDermatology UniversityofAmsterdam
U.S.AirForceAcademy,CO,USA Amsterdam,theNetherlands
Contributors xi
PeterSchmid-GrendelmeierMD FranciscoVega-Lo´pezMD,PhD
Head,AllergyUnit ProfessorandConsultant
AssociateProfessorofDermatology DermatologistattheDermatologyDepartment
DepartmentofDermatology UniversityCollegeHospitalandtheHospitalfor
UniversityHospitalofZu¨rich TropicalDiseases
Zu¨rich,Switzerland London
CarolinaTalhariPhD DouglasS.WalshMD,MS
ProfessorofDermatology DepartmentofImmunologyandMedicine
FacultyofMedicine UnitedStatesArmyMedicalComponent
StateUniversityofAmazonas ArmedForcesResearchInstituteofMedical
Manaus,Brazil Sciences(USAMC-AFRIMS)
Bangkok,Thailand
Sine´sioTalhariPhD and
ProfessorofDermatology AdjunctAssociateProfessorofDermatology
FacultyofMedicine UniformedServices
StateUniversityofAmazonas UniversityoftheHealthSciences(USUHS)
Manaus,Brazil Bethesda,MD,USA
StephenK.TyringMD,PhD
MichaelWaughMB,FRCP,FAChSHP
Director
EmeritusConsultant
CenterforClinicalStudies
GenitourinaryMedicine
AssociateProfessor
LeedsGeneralInfirmary
DepartmentofDermatology
Leeds,UK;and
UniversityofTexasMedicalSchool
FormerHon.SeniorLecturer
Houston,TX,USA
FacultyofMedicine
UniversityofLeeds
J.P.W.vanderVeenMD,PhD
Leeds,UK
Director
NetherlandsInstituteforPigmentDisorders
AcademicMedicalCenter JaniceM.WilsonBS
UniversityofAmsterdam MedicalStudent
Amsterdam,theNetherlands UniversityofTexasMedicalSchool
Houston,TX,USA
ColetteL.M.vanHeesMD
Dermatologist JimE.ZeegelaarMD,PhD
ConsultantTropicalDermatology DepartmentofDermatology
DepartmentofDermatology Flevoziekenhuis
ErasmusMedicalCenter Almere,theNetherlands
Rotterdam,theNetherlands
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
William R.Faber1,RoderickJ.Hay2,&BernardNaafs3,4,5
1DepartmentofDermatology,UniversityofAmsterdam,Amsterdam,theNetherlands
2KingsCollegeLondon,London,UK
3RegionalDermatologyTrainingCenter(RDTC),Moshi,Tanzania
4InstitutoLaurodeSouzaLima(ILSL),Bauru,Brazil
5StichtingTropen-Dermatologie,Munnekeburen,theNetherlands
International tourism is one of the largest and fastest growing economic
sectors in the world with continuous expansion and diversification, and
manynewdestinations,oftentolessprivilegedareas.
International tourist visits in 2010 were estimated to be 940 million,
andareexpectedtoincreaseby 4–5%in 2011.In2020,1.6billion inter-
national visits are expected. Expenditure on international tourism had
reached $919bn (€693bn) in 2010. International tourism is the fourth
global export category and accounts for 30% of world exports of com-
mercial services. It is estimated to contribute 5% to the worldwide gross
domesticproduct[1].
Astheworlddevelopsintoaglobalvillage,peopletraveldailyfromcon-
tinent to continent and infectious diseases may travel with them. On the
onehand,someonewithaninfectionacquiredunder“tropical”conditions
abroad may visit the health services in Europe or North America within
24 hours of his or her departure from the country visited. On the other
hand,insomediseases,clinicalsignsandsymptomsmaydevelopweeksto
monthsafterreturn,sotherelationshipwiththepasttravelisnotobvious.
Therearethreemainreasonswhypatientswith“tropicalorexoticskin
diseases”havebeenseenmorefrequentlyinrecentyears.
First,leisuretimeinaffluentsocietiesisincreasing,andmoreandmore
people, including those in the older age groups, take holidays in far-off
places.Moreandmoreadventureholidaysarebeingtakentoplaceswhere
the risk of acquiring a disease is much greater than in a more protected
environment.
Second, there are large immigrant groups in most Western countries,
originating from other continents. They may present with skin diseases
months or years after settling into their new home country. Also, these
ImportedSkinDiseases,SecondEdition.EditedbyWilliamR.Faber,
RoderickJ.HayandBernardNaafs.
(cid:2)C 2013JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd.Published2013byJohnWiley&Sons,Ltd.
1