Table Of ContentIMPLEMENTING THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REGIME FOR THE
ANTARCTIC
ENVIRONMENT & POLICY
VOLUME 28
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
Implementing the Environmental
Protection Regime for the
Antarctic
Edited by
DavorVidas
The Fridtjof Nansen Institute,
Lysaker, Norway
~.
"
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-0-7923-6610-2 ISBN 978-94-011-4319-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-4319-6
Cover design is based on a painting Mi tierra, se cae (My Earth falls), created specially for the
cover of this book by the Peru vi an artist Walter Giraldo. The editor wishes to thank his good friend
Walter for permission to use this beautiful painting to illustrate the theme ofthe book.
© WaIter Giraldo (cover illustration)
Printed an acid-free paper
AII Rights Reserved
© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2000
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 2000
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
inc1uding photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
MOJEM DRAGOM MALOM FEDORU ZA PRVI RODENDAN,
TATA
Contents
Notes on Contributors ........................................................................................ xi
Preface and Acknowledgements ........................................................................ xv
List ofA bbreviations ......................................................................................... xix
Introductory Overview
Entry into Force of the Environmental Protocol and Implementation Issues:
An Overview ....................................................................................................... 1
Davor Vidas
Part I
ISSUES OF JURISDICTION, CON1ROL AND ENFORCEMENT
2 Means and Methods of Implementation of Antarctic Environmental
Regimes and National Environmental Instruments: An Exercise
in Comparison ................................................................................................... 21
William Bush
3 Port State Jurisdiction in Antarctica: ANew Approach to Inspection,
Control and Enforcement .................................................................................. 45
Francisco Orrego Vicuna
4 Regulating Tourism in the Antarctic: Issues of Environment and
Jurisdiction ........................................................................................................ 71
Mike G. Richardson
Vll
viii Contents
Partll
INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
PROTOCOL
5 Institutional Issues for the Antarctic Treaty System with the
Protocol in Force: An Overview ....................................................................... 93
Jorge Bergufio
6 The Committee for Environmental Protection: Its Establishment,
Operation and Role within the Antarctic Treaty System ................................. 107
Olav Orheim
7 Establishment of an Antarctic Treaty Secretariat: Pending Legal
Issues ............................................................................................................... 125
Francesco Francioni
8 The ATS on the Web: Introducing Modem Information Technology
in Antarctic Affairs.......................................................................................... 141
Davor Vidas and Birgit Njastad
Part ill
NORMATIVE SUPPORT TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
PROTOCOL: AN ANTARCTIC LIABILITY REGIME
9 Liability Annex or Annexes to the Environmental Protocol:
A Review of the Process within the Antarctic Treaty System ......................... 163
MariSkllre
10 The Legal Need for an Antarctic Environmental Liability Regime ................. 181
Rene Lefeber
11 The Prospects for an Antarctic Environmental Liability Regime.................... 199
Rene Lefeber
Contents IX
Part IV
RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL
INSTRUMENTS AND ARRANGEMENTS
12 Relationship between the Environmental Protocol and UNEP
Instruments ...................................................................................................... 221
Donald R. Rothwell
13 Towards Guidelines for Antarctic Shipping: A Basis for
Cooperation between the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties
and the IMO ..................................................................................................... 243
Tullio Scovazzi
14 The Antarctic Continental Shelf Beyond 200 Miles: A Juridical Rubik's
Cube ................................................................................................................ 261
Davor Vidas
15 CCAMLR and the Environmental Protocol: Relationships and
Interactions ...................................................................................................... 273
Richard A. Herr
Part V
IMPLEMENTING THE PROTOCOL DOMESTICALLY:
THE CONSULTATIVE PARTIES' LEGISLATION AND PRACTICE
(selected case studies)
16 Implementing the Environmental Protocol Domestically:
An Overview ................................................................................................... 287
Kees Bastmeijer
17 Australian Implementation of the Environmental ProtocoL ........................... 309
William Bush
18 Implementation of the Antarctic Environmental Protocol by Chile:
History, Legislation and Practice ..................................................................... 337
Maria Luisa Carvallo and Paulina Julio
19 A Self-Executing Treaty? Italian Legislation and Practice in
Implementing the Environmental ProtocoL ................................................... 355
Laura Pineschi
x Contents
20 Norway: Implementing the Protocol on Environmental Protection ................. 379
Birgit Njdstad
21 South Africa: Implementing the Protocol on Environmental
Protection. ........................................................................................................ 399
Klaus Dodds
22 The United States: Legislation and Practice in Implementing the
Protocol ........................................................................................................... 417
Christopher C. Joyner
Index ................................................................................................................ 439
Notes on Contributors
KEES BASTMEIJER is Senior Lecturer and Researcher on Environmental Law at the
Law Faculty of the Tilburg University, the Netherlands, where he is writing a
doctoral thesis on the legal implementation of the Antarctic Environmental Protocol.
He has been a member of the Dutch delegation to Antarctic Treaty meetings since
1992 and he has worked on the legal incorporation of the Protocol into Dutch law.
JORGE BERGuNO is Deputy Director of the Chilean Antarctic Institute. He has
represented Chile at various international negotiations on the matters concerning the
Antarctic, the oceans, environment and disarmament. He has served as Ambassador
to Australia, Canada, UNESCO, GATT, and other international organisations. He
has chaired the CCAMLR Commission and is currently Vice-Chairman of the
Committee for Environmental Protection.
WILLIAM BUSH is an international lawyer and the former Director of the Treaties and
the Antarctic Sections of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade in Canberra,
Australia. He is the editor of Antarctica and International Law: A Collection of
Inter-State and National Documents, published by Oceana since 1982.
MARIA LUISA CARVALLO is the Legal Adviser of the Chilean Antarctic Institute. She
has been a member of the Chilean delegation to many Antarctic Treaty Consultative
Meetings. She has published several articles about various aspects of the Antarctic
Treaty System. She was awarded the 'Hamilton S. Amerasinghe' fellowship by the
United Nations in 1988.
KLAUS DODDS is Lecturer in Geography at Royal Holloway, University of London.
He is the author of Geopolitics in Antarctica: Views from the Southern Oceanic Rim
(Wiley, 1997) and Geopolitics in a Changing World (Longman, 2000) and co-editor
of Geopolitical Traditions: A Century of Geopolitical Thought (Routledge, 2000).
FRANCESCO FRANCIONI is Professor of International Law and Vice-Rector,
University of Siena, Italy, and also Visiting Professor at the University of Oxford
and at the School of Law of the University of Texas. He was President of the
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