Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture and Aquaculture

355 Pages·2020·10.09 MB·English

by  Ahmed Karmaoui, Kirby Barrick, Michael Reed, Mirza Barjees Baig

Impacts of Climate
Change on Agriculture
and Aquaculture
Ahmed Karmaoui
Southern Center for Culture and Sciences, Morocco
Kirby Barrick
University of Florida, USA
Michael Reed
University of Kentucky, USA
Mirza Barjees Baig
King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
A volume in the Advances in
Environmental Engineering and
Green Technologies (AEEGT) Book
Series
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Karmaoui, Ahmed, 1982- editor. | Barrick, R. Kirby, editor. | Reed,
Michael R., editor. | Baig, Mirza Barjees, 1960- editor.
Title: Impacts of climate change on agriculture and aquaculture / Ahmed
Karmaoui, Kirby Barrick, Michael Reed, and Mirza Barjees Baig, editors.
Description: Hershey PA : Engineering Science Reference, [2020] | Includes
bibliographical references and index. | Summary: “This book provides an
integrated assessment of climate change impacts on agriculture,
aquaculture, and fisheries and explores a set of strategies to secure
sustainable food security”-- Provided by publisher.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019051958 (print) | LCCN 2019051959 (ebook) | ISBN
9781799833437 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781799833444 (paperback) | ISBN
9781799833451 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Crops and climate. | Aquaculture--Climatic factors. |
Fisheries--Climatic factors. | Climatic changes. | Food
security--Climatic factors. | Sustainable agriculture. | Sustainable
aquaculture. | Sustainable fisheries.
Classification: LCC S600.5 .I466 2020 (print) | LCC S600.5 (ebook) | DDC
338.1/4--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019051958
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019051959

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Green Technologies (AEEGT) (ISSN: 2326-9162; eISSN: 2326-9170)
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Advances in Environmental
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ISSN:2326-9162
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Table of Contents
Preface.................................................................................................................xiv
Acknowledgment.................................................................................................xx
Section 1
Climate Change and Agriculture
Chapter 1
Downscaling.of.Open.Coarse.Precipitation.Data.Using.a.Machine.Learning.
Algorithm................................................................................................................1
Ismail Elhassnaoui, Mohammadia School of Engineers, Rabat, Morocco
Zineb Moumen, University Politecnica de Catalunya, Spain
Hicham Ezzine, Mohammadia School of Engineers, Rabat, Morocco
Marwane Bel-lahcen, Advanced Digital Entreprise Modeling and
Information Retrieval, Morocco
Ahmed Bouziane, Mohammadia School of Engineers, Rabat, Morocco
Driss Ouazar, Mohammadia School of Engineers, Rabat, Morocco
Moulay Driss Hasnaoui, Ministry of Equipment, Transport, Logistics,
and Water, Rabat, Morocco
Chapter 2
Designing.a.Framework.for.Agri.Sector.Considering.Disaster.and.Climatic.
Change:.A.Case.Study.of.Odisha..........................................................................35
Suchismita Satapathy, KIIT University, India

Chapter 3
Mitigation.of.Climate.Change.Through.Carbon.Sequestration............................50
Brema J., Department of Civil Engineering, Karunya Institute of
Technology and Sciences, India
Alkesha Naik, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,
Marwadi University, India
Koushik Singha Roy, Department of Environmental Science, SRM
University, Delhi - NCR Campus, India
Sneha Gautam, Department of Civil Engineering, Karunya Institute of
Technology and Sciences, India
Chapter 4
Vulnerability.of.Oasis.Agriculture.to.Climate.Change.in.Morocco.....................76
Mohamed Ait-El-Mokhtar, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco
Abderrahim Boutasknit, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco
Raja Ben-Laouane, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco
Mohamed Anli, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco
Fatima El Amerany, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco
Salma Toubali, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco
Soufiane Lahbouki, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco
Said Wahbi, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco
Abdelilah Meddich, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco
Section 2
Productive Ecosystems: Challenges and Solutions
Chapter 5
Impact.of.Thermal.Stress.on.the.Moroccan.Argan.Agroecosystem...................108
Issam Ifaadassan, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco
Ahmed Karmaoui, Southern Center for Culture and Sciences, Zagora,
Morocco
Mohammed Messouli, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco
Houssam Ayt Ougougdal, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco
Mohammed Khebiza Yacoubi, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco
Abdelaziz Babqiqi, Regional Observatory of the Environment and
Sustainable Development, Morocco
Chapter 6
Sustainable.Ecosystem.Management:.Challenges.and.Solutions.......................118
Joan Nyika, Technical University of Kenya, Kenya

Chapter 7
Climate.Change.and.Its.Impact.on.Terrestrial.Ecosystems................................140
Banwari Dandotiya, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
Harendra K. Sharma, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
Chapter 8
Understanding.Water-Food-Energy.Nexus.in.the.Climate.Change.Era.and.the.
Roadmap.to.Implementation.in.South.Africa.....................................................158
Joan Nyika, Technical University of Kenya, Kenya
Chapter 9
Industry.4.0-Based.Large-Scale.Symbiotic.Systems.for.Sustainable.Food.
Security.in.Namibia............................................................................................186
K. S. Sastry Musti, Namibia University of Science and Technology,
Namibia
Chapter 10
Assessing.Gender.Equality.in.Climate.Change.Advocacy.Campaign.for.
Sustainable.Agricultural.Food.Security.in.Uganda:.Gender.Equality.in.
Climate.Information.Services.for.Agriculture.in.Africa.....................................207
Wilson Okaka, Kyambogo University, Uganda
Section 3
Climate Change and Aquaculture
Chapter 11
Effects.of.Climate.Change.and.Anthropogenic.Activities.on.Algivorous.
Cichlid.Fish.in.Lake.Tanganyika........................................................................219
Renalda N. Munubi, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania
Hieromin A. Lamtane, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania
Compilation of References...............................................................................246
Related References............................................................................................302
About the Contributors....................................................................................326
Index...................................................................................................................331
Detailed Table of Contents
Preface.................................................................................................................xiv
Acknowledgment.................................................................................................xx
Section 1
Climate Change and Agriculture
Chapter 1
Downscaling.of.Open.Coarse.Precipitation.Data.Using.a.Machine.Learning.
Algorithm................................................................................................................1
Ismail Elhassnaoui, Mohammadia School of Engineers, Rabat, Morocco
Zineb Moumen, University Politecnica de Catalunya, Spain
Hicham Ezzine, Mohammadia School of Engineers, Rabat, Morocco
Marwane Bel-lahcen, Advanced Digital Entreprise Modeling and
Information Retrieval, Morocco
Ahmed Bouziane, Mohammadia School of Engineers, Rabat, Morocco
Driss Ouazar, Mohammadia School of Engineers, Rabat, Morocco
Moulay Driss Hasnaoui, Ministry of Equipment, Transport, Logistics,
and Water, Rabat, Morocco
In.this.chapter,.the.authors.propose.a.novel.statistical.model.with.a.residual.correction.
of.downscaling.coarse.precipitation.TRMM.3B43.product..The.presented.study.was.
carried.out.over.Morocco,.and.the.objective.is.to.improve.statistical.downscaling.for.
TRMM.3B43.products.using.a.machine.learning.algorithm..Indeed,.the.statistical.
model.is.based.on.the.Transformed.Soil.Adjusted.Vegetation.Index.(TSAVI),.
elevation,.and.distance.from.the.sea..TSAVI.was.retrieved.using.the.quantile.
regression.method..Stepwise.regression.was.implemented.with.the.minimization.of.
the.Akaike.information.criterion.and.Mallows’.Cp.indicator..The.model.validation.
is.performed.using.ten.in-situ.measurements.from.rain.gauge.stations.(the.most.
available.data)..The.result.shows.that.the.model.presents.the.best.fit.of.the.TRMM.
3B43.product.and.good.accuracy.on.estimating.precipitation.at.1km.according.to.
𝑅2, RMSE, bias, and MAE. In addition, TSAVI improved the model accuracy in
the.humid.bioclimatic.stage.and.in.the.Saharan.region.to.some.extent.due.to.its.
capacity.to.reduce.soil.brightness.Chapter 2

Designing.a.Framework.for.Agri.Sector.Considering.Disaster.and.Climatic.
Change:.A.Case.Study.of.Odisha..........................................................................35
Suchismita Satapathy, KIIT University, India
Change.of.technology,.utilization.of.genetically.modified.crops,.and.organic.farming.
can.be.used.to.improve.the.fertility.of.land.and.to.increase.production.in.farming,.
but.the.effect.of.climate.change.is.a.big.problem.for.the.Indian.farmers..Farmers.
have.to.face.extreme.weather.conditions,.the.heavy.workload.during.the.fieldwork.
like.weeding,.harvesting,.etc..The.conventional.method.of.farming.and.lack.of.
advanced.technology.makes.farming.too.difficult..Due.to.climate.change,.high.heat,.
heavy.rain,.and.frost,.productivity.decreases.and.lands.become.barren,.and.farmers.
also.suffer.from.mental.and.physical.disorders..Hence,.an.effort.is.taken.to.design.
a.framework.for.the.agriculture.sector.keeping.climate.change.factors.in.view..To.
improve.the.agricultural.system.in.Indian.agrisector,.some.implications.must.be.done.
to.avoid.wastage.of.rainwater..By.creating.an.efficient.drainage.system.in.the.crop.
field,.the.extra.water.can.be.reused..To.avoid.loss.due.to.heavy.rain,.greenhouse.or.
poly.house.can.act.as.an.effective.way.during.natural.calamities.
Chapter 3
Mitigation.of.Climate.Change.Through.Carbon.Sequestration............................50
Brema J., Department of Civil Engineering, Karunya Institute of
Technology and Sciences, India
Alkesha Naik, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,
Marwadi University, India
Koushik Singha Roy, Department of Environmental Science, SRM
University, Delhi - NCR Campus, India
Sneha Gautam, Department of Civil Engineering, Karunya Institute of
Technology and Sciences, India
Climate.change.is.considered.one.of.the.burning.issues.and.threats.to.the.globe..One.
of.the.most.important.drivers.of.climate.change.is.the.increasing.concentration.of.
atmospheric.greenhouse.gases.that.trigger.the.altered.climate.patterns..Therefore,.
researchers.are.now.tackling.the.adverse.impact.of.climate.change.as.well.in.minimizing.
the.concentration.and.emissions.of.atmospheric.greenhouse.gases.(i.e.,.carbon.
sequestration.seems.to.be.one.of.the.most.attractive.choices.for.the.researchers.that.
could.be.useful.for.mitigating.climate.change.conditions)..The.process.deals.with.
the.capturing.of.atmospheric.carbon.dioxide.(CO2).in.various.segments.of.natural.
ecosystems.like.soil,.biological.systems,.oceans,.thereby.offsetting.the.adverse.
impact.of.climate.change..In.this.review,.the.author.examines.the.current.scenario.
of.carbon.sequestration.in.the.biosphere.