Impact of Invasive Ant Species in Shaping Ant Community Structure on Small Islands in Indonesia

202 Pages·2011·3.18 MB·English

J. Biol. Indon. Vol 7, No.2 (2011)
ISSN 0854-4425
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Akreditasi: No 816/D/08/2009
Vol. 7, No. 2 Desember 2011
Deforestation in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia 195
Suyadi
Study of Pteridophyte Diversity and Vegetation Analysis in Jatikerep Legonlele and 207
Nyamplung, Karimunjawa Island Central Jawa
Fahreza Saputra & Labibah Qotrunnada
Javan Leaf Monkey (Trachypithecus auratus) Movement in a Fragmented Habitat, at 213
Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, East Java, Indonesia
M.Hari Subarkah, Novianto Bambang Wawandono, Satyawan Pudyatmoko,
Subeno , Sandy Nurvianto, & Arif Budiman
Impact of Invasive Ant Species in Shaping Ant Community Structure on Small Islands in 221
Indonesia
Akhmad Rizali, Abdul Rahim, Bandung Sahari, Lilik Budi Prasetyo, &
Damayanti Buchori
Relationship Different Riparian Vegetation Cover with Stream Conditions in Cikapinis 231
Stream, West Jawa
Della Kemalasari & Devi N. Choesin
Affect of Canopy Stratum and Methods of Breaking Seed Dormancy on Seedling 243
Growth of Calliandra tetragona Beth. and Acacia tamarindifolia (L.) Willd.
Indriani Ekasari
Shoot Tip Culture of Nepenthes albomarginata Lobb ex Lindl. In Vitro 251
Lazarus Agus Sukamto, Mujiono, Djukri, & Victoria Henuhili
Variasi Gen Mitokondria Cytochrome b pada Dua Jenis Burung Kakatua Putih (Cacatua 263
alba dan C. moluccensis)
Dwi Astuti

BOGOR, INDONESIA
J. Biol. Indon. Vol 7, No. 2 (2011)
Jurnal Biologi Indonesia diterbitkan oleh Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia.
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Dr. Ibnu Maryanto
Dr. I Made Sudiana
Deby Arifiani, S.P., M.Sc
Dr. Izu Andry Fijridiyanto
Dewan Editor Ilmiah
Dr. Abinawanto, F MIPA UI
Dr. Achmad Farajalah, FMIPA IPB
Dr. Ambariyanto, F. Perikanan dan Kelautan UNDIP
Dr. Aswin Usup F. Pertanian Universitas Palangkaraya
Dr. Didik Widiyatmoko, PK Tumbuhan, Kebun Raya Cibodas-LIPI
Dr. Dwi Nugroho Wibowo, F. Biologi UNSOED
Dr. Parikesit, F. MIPA UNPAD
Prof. Dr. Mohd.Tajuddin Abdullah, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Malaysia
Assoc. Prof. Monica Suleiman, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia
Dr. Srihadi Agungpriyono, PAVet(K), F. Kedokteran Hewan IPB
Y. Surjadi MSc, Pusat Penelitian ICABIOGRAD
Drs. Suharjono, Pusat Penelitian Biologi-LIPI
Dr. Tri Widianto, Pusat Penelitian Limnologi-LIPI
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Jurnal ini telah diakreditasi ulang dengan nilai A berdasarkan SK Kepala LIPI 816/
D/2009 tanggal 28 Agustus 2009.
J. Biol. Indon. Vol 7, No.2 (2011)
JURNAL BIOLOGI
INDONESIA
Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia.
J. Biol. Indon. Vol 7, No. 2 (2011)
J. Biol. Indon. Vol 7, No.2 (2011)
KATA PENGANTAR
Jurnal Biologi Indonesia yang diterbitkan oleh PERHIMPUNAN BIOLOGI
INDONESIA edisi volume 7 nomer 2 tahun 2011 memuat 17 artikel lengkap, tujuh
artikel diantaranya telah dipresentasi pada seminar ATCBC di Bali 2010. Penulis
pada edisi ini sangat beragam yaitu dari Balai Penelitian Besar Penelitian Bioteknologi
dan Sumber daya Genetik Pertanian Bogor, Balai Tanaman Sayuran Lembang,
Balai Besar Penelitian Veteriner Bogor Kementerian Pertanian, BATAN.
Fak. MIPA-Biologi Universitas Indonesia, Fakultas Kehutanan UGM
Yogyakarta, Fakultas Kehutanan dan Fakultas Pertanian IPB Bogor, Sekolah Tinggi
Hayati dan Departemen Tehnik Kimia ITB Bandung, Fakultas Pertanian Universi-
tas Borneo, Tarakan, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Fakultas Sain dan Tehnologi
Universitas Islam Hidayatullah Jakarta, Kebun Raya Cibodas LIPI, Puslit Biologi
LIPI, Puslit Oseanografi LIPI, PEKA dan Asosiasi Pelestari Curik Bali, Taman
Safari Cisarua Bogor. Topik yang dibahas pada edisi ini meliputi bidang Botani,
mikrobiologi, zoologi, remote sensing.
Editor
J. Biol. Indon. Vol 7, No. 2 (2011)
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH
Jurnal Biologi Indonesia mengucapkan terima kasih dan penghargaan kepada
para pakar yang telah turut sebagai penelaah dalam Volume 7, No 2, Juni 2011:
Drs. Roemantyo, Puslit Biologi-LIPI
Dr. Dwi Astuti, Puslit Biologi-LIPI
M.Fathi Royani, MA., Puslit Biologi-LIPI
Dr. Iwan Saskiawan, Puslit Biologi-LIPI
Drs. Ary Wahyono, Puslit Kemasyarakatan-LIPI
Muhamad Irham MSc., Puslit Biologi-LIPI
Dr. Enung Fuad, Puslit Bioteknologi-LIPI
Drs. Boeadi, Puslit Biologi LIPI (Purna Bakti)
Dr. Edi Mirmanto, Puslit Biologi-LIPI
Sebagian dari edisi ini dibiayai oleh DIPA Puslit Biologi-LIPI 2011
J. Biol. Indon. Vol 7, No.2 (2011)
DAFTAR ISI
Deforestation in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia 195
Suyadi

Study of Pteridophyte Diversity and Vegetation Analysis in Jatikerep Legonlele and 207
Nyamplung, Karimunjawa Island Central Jawa
Fahreza Saputra & Labibah Qotrunnada

Javan Leaf Monkey (Trachypithecus auratus) Movement in a Fragmented Habitat, at 213
Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, East Java, Indonesia
M.Hari Subarkah, Novianto Bambang Wawandono, Satyawan Pudyatmoko,
Subeno , Sandy Nurvianto, & Arif Budiman

Impact of Invasive Ant Species in Shaping Ant Community Structure on Small Islands in 221
Indonesia
Akhmad Rizali, Abdul Rahim, Bandung Sahari, Lilik Budi Prasetyo, &
Damayanti Buchori

Relationship Different Riparian Vegetation Cover with Stream Conditions in Cikapinis 231
Stream, West Jawa
Della Kemalasari & Devi N. Choesin

Affect of Canopy Stratum and Methods of Breaking Seed Dormancy on Seedling Growth 243
of Calliandra tetragona Beth. and Acacia tamarindifolia (L.) Willd.
Indriani Ekasari

Shoot Tip Culture of Nepenthes albomarginata Lobb ex Lindl. In Vitro 251
Lazarus Agus Sukamto, Mujiono, Djukri, & Victoria Henuhili

Variasi Gen Mitokondria Cytochrome b pada Dua Jenis Burung Kakatua Putih (Cacatua 263
alba dan C. moluccensis)
Dwi Astuti

Kajian Pendahuluan: Perpindahan Gen dari Tanaman Kentang Transgenik Katahdin RB 277
ke Tanaman Kentang Non Transgenik

A. Dinar Ambarwati, M. Herman, Agus Purwito, Eri Sofiari,& Hajrial
Aswidinoor

Virus Influenza Novel H1N1 Babi di Indonesia 289
NLP Indi Dharmayanti, Atik Ratnawati, & Dyah Ayu Hewajuli

Karakterisasi Produk Biosolubilisasi Lignit oleh Kapang Indigenus dari Tanah 299
Pertambangan Batubara di Sumatera Selatan
Irawan Sugoro, Sandra Hermanto,D. Sasongko,D. Indriani & P. Aditiawati
J. Biol. Indon. Vol 7, No. 2 (2011)
Potensi Virus Avian Influenza H5NI Isolat A/Ck/West Java/Pwt-Wij/2006 Sebagai Vaksin
R. Indriani, NLP I Dharmayanti, R.M.A Adjid, & Darminto

Variasi dan kekerabatan genetik pada dua jenis baru belimbing (Averrhoa leucopetala Rugayah
et Sunarti sp nov dan A. dolichorpa Rugayah et Sunarti sp nov., Oxalidaceae)
berdasarkan profil Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA

Kusumadewi Sri Yulita

Pengaruh Dinamika Faktor Lingkungan Terhadap Sebaran Horisontal dan Vertikal Katak
Hellen Kurniati

Merekonstruksi Habitat Curik Bali Leucopsar rothschildi Stresemann, 1912 di Bali Bagian
Barat
Mas Noerdjito, Roemantyo &Tony Sumampau

Struktur dan Komposisi Vegetasi Hutan Semusim Habitat Curik Bali (Leucopsar rothschildi
Stresemann, 1912) di Kawasan Labuan Lalang, Taman Nasional Bali Barat
Roemantyo

Sumbangan Ilmu Etnobotani dalam Memfasilitasi Hubungan Manusia dengan Tumbuhan dan
Lingkungannya
Eko Baroto Walujo
Jurnal Biologi Indonesia 7 (2): 195-206 (2011)
Deforestation in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia
Suyadi
Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), M.Sc in Information Technology for Natural Re-
sources Management, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
ABSTRAK
Deforestasi di Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan, Sumatra, Indonesia. Studi ini
menerangkan deforestasi dan penyebabnya di Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan (TNBBS)
yang merupakan habitat bagi berbagai satwa liar yang terancam punah. Penelitian ini
menghubungkan metode penginderaan jauh dengan metode wawancara untuk memperkirakan
laju deforestasi dan mengetahui penyebab deforestasi. Hasil wawancara menunjukan bahwa
penggundulan hutan di TNBBS di mulai sejak tahun 1960an, lebih awal dari perkiraan sebelumnya.
Hasil tersebut di perkuat oleh hasil analisa citra-satelit yang menunjukan bahwa sebelum 1972
tutupan hutan seluas 46.100 ha atau sekitar 13% dari luas hutan di TNBBS telah hilang. Rata-
rata laju deforestasi sejak 1972 hingga 2006 adalah 0,64% per tahun. Hanya sekitar 67.225 ha
hutan yang tersisa pada 2006 dari 310.670 ha hutan pada tahun 1972, atau sekitar 22% tutupan
hutan telah hilang sejak 1972 hingga 2006. Laju deforestasi di TNBBS paling tinggi di hutan
perbukitan (9.01 km2/tahun), kemudian hutan dataran rendah (7.55 km2/tahun), and hutan
pegunungan (3.43 km2/tahun). Deforestasi tertinggi terjadi pada dekade pertama (1972-1985),
setiap tahunnya seluas 28 km2 hutan di babat habis, kemudian pada dekade berikutnya (1986-
1996) deforestasi hanya 15 km2/tahun, namun pada dekade terakhir deforestasi meningkat kembali
(21 km2/tahun). Pelaku yang secara fisik membabat hutan di TNBBS adalah petani yang tinggal
di dalam dan di sekitar hutan. Meskipun demikian, yang menjadi penyebab terpenting deforestasi
di TNBBS adalah penyebab tidak langsung seperti illegal logging, Hak Pengusahaan Hutan,
tingginya harga kopi, lemahnya penegakan hukum, dan situasi sosial-ekonomi di tingkat lokal
dan nasional. Faktor-faktor tersebut merupakan faktor external yang mendorong petani untuk
membuka hutan di TNBBS atau memperluas lahan garapannya.
Kata kunci: Deforestasi, Penyebab deforestasi, Survei wawancara, Penginderaan jauh,
Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan
INTRODUCTION UNFCCC (2007) declared that the inter-
national community faces the urgent task
Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park of reducing tropical deforestation as one
(BBSNP) is the third-largest protected of a suite of measures to reduce the im-
area on the Indonesian island of Sumatra, pacts of global climate change and to
and tropical deforestation constitutes one maintain biological diversity. One of many
of the greatest threats to its conserva- responses of conservation biologists to
tion. The United Nations Framework this threat has been to develop an array
Convention on Climate Change/ of tools for measuring and monitoring
195
Suyadi
deforestation, many of which use re- BBSNP was 1.69% per year.
motely sensed data collected by satellites In addition, BBSNP is also a perfect
(Saatchi et al. 2001). Satellite-based example of the complex causes of de-
datasets can provide fine-scale measures forestation. BBSNP has a long border of
of deforestation rates; however, many approximately 700 km, and the park is
aspects of deforestation processes that there are villages, agriculture, and plan-
are related to social phenomena (includ- tation forestry adjacent to the park
ing causes of deforestation) cannot be (Kinnaird et. al. 2003). The high rates of
measured using satellite sensors (Turner interaction between the people and the
et al. 2001). Therefore, approaches that forest in the area that borders BBSNP
link administrative and remote-sensing may induce humans to enter the park to
data are important for understanding clear more forest. Consequently, wildlife
trends in and causes of deforestation. such as tigers (Panthera tigris
Most studies linking remote-sensing ob- sumatrae) and elephants (Elephas
servations and administrative data have sumatranus) also travel outside the park
been undertaken at the scale of the ad- borders and damage crops and livestock.
ministrative units (Wood & Skole 1998). In addition, conflicts over land ownership
However, Mertens et al. (2000) do inte- between Lampung-based local groups
grate remote-sensing data and household and the government, as well as conflicts
surveys to understand the impact of mac- among governmental institutions, have
roeconomic change on deforestation pro- promoted further deforestation (Kusworo
cesses in South Cameron. 2000; Verbist et al. 2004).
BBSNP contains some of the larg- The dramatic loss of forest cover in
est tracts of tropical forest remaining on BBSNP is attributed to variety of factors
Sumatra and is a good example of the including illegal logging, timber conces-
dramatic loss of tropical forest in Indo- sions (denoted HPHs in Indonesia), con-
nesia. Although BBSNP was declared a version to agriculture (by opportunistic
World Heritage site by UNESCO (deci- settlers and those arriving through
sion 28COM 14B.5), in the past decade Indonesia's official transmigration pro-
BBSNP's forest cover has declined dra- gram), development of estate crops, and
matically. Since the early 1970s, much of forest fires (Sunderlin et al. 2001;
the forest cover in BBSNP has been Suyanto et al. 2000; Holmes 2002). How-
cleared, but there are conflicting esti- ever, information about the causes of
mates of the scale and rates of loss. For deforestation in BBSNP is lacking.
example, Kinnaird et al. (2003) found that Gaveau et al. (2007) reports that coffee
between 1985 and 1999 the park lost prices, law enforcement, and rural pov-
more than 661 km2 of forest (28%). On erty are the primary causes of defores-
other hand, Gaveau et al. (2007) showed tation in southwest Sumatra (including
that the average rate of deforestation from BBSNP). Suyadi & Gaveau (2007) show
1972 to 2002 in an area of 1.17 million ha that in a small area (Pemerihan) within
in southwest Sumatra that includes BBSNP, the cause of deforestation is il-
196