Table Of ContentALS
Advances in Life Sciences
Im.pactof
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas on
Sustainable Agricultura
and Natural Ecosystem.s
Edited by
S. Gianinazzi
H. Schi.iepp
Springer Basel AG
Editors
Dr. S. Gianinazzi Dr. H. Schuepp
Laboratoire de Phytoparasitologie Eidgeni:issische Forschungsanstalt fiir
INRA/CNRS, SGAP, INRA Obst-, Wein-und Gartenanbau
BV1540 CH-8820 Wădenswil
F-21034 Dijon Cedex Switzerland
France
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress,
Washington D.C., USA
Deutsche Bibliothek Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Impact of arbuscular mycorrhizas on sustainable agriculture
and natural ecosystems 1e d. by S. Gianinazzi; H. Schuepp.-
Basel ; Boston; Berlin : Birkhăuser, 1994
( Advances in life sciences)
ISBN 978-3-0348-9654-2 ISBN 978-3-0348-8504-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-0348-8504-1
NE: Gianinazzi, Silvio [Hrsg.]
The publisher and editor can give no guarantee for the information on drug dosage and
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© 1994 Springer Basel AG
Originally published by Birkhauser Verlag in 1994
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1994
Ca=era-reacly copy prepared by the authors
Printed on acid-free pap er producedfrom chlorine-free pulp
987654321
This book is dedicated to the memory of
Dr. Ju sto ARINES ( 1946-1993)
whose personal qualities and scientific activities within the European
Network COST ACTION 810 will always be very much appreciated
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX
Cantributars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI
Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Glamales
S. Rasendahl, J. C. Dadd and C. Walker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Biodiversity and characterization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at the molecular
level
D. van Tuinen, H. Dulieu, A. Zeze and V Gianinazzi-Pearsan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Characterization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi by immunochemical methods
A. Hahn, V Gianinazzi-Pearsan and B. Hack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
European Bank of Glomales - An essential tool for efficient international and
interdisciplinary collaboration
J. C. Dadd, V Gianinazzi-Pearsan, S. Rasendahl and C. Walker . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Physiological characteristics of the host plant promoting an undisturbed function
ing of the mycorrhizal symbiosis
C. Azc6n-Aguilar and B. Baga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Recognition and infection process, basis for host specificity of arbuscular mycor
rhizal fungi
M. Giavannetti, C. Sbrana, A. S. Citernesi, L. Avia, A. Gallatte,
V Gianinazzi-Pearsan and S. Gianinazzi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Ultrastructural analysis reveals the complex interactions between root cells and
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
P. Banfante . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Impact of mycorrhizal colonisation on root architecture, root longevity and the
formation of growth regulators
D. Atkinsan, G. Berta and J. E. Haaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Biogeochemical cycling and arbuscular mycorrhizas in the sustainability of plant
soil systems
P. Jeffries and J. M. Barea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Arbuscular mycorrhizas and agrosystem stability
G. J. Bethlenfalvay and H. Schiiepp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Hyphal phosphorus transport, a keystone to mycorrhizal enhancement of plant
growth
I. Jakabsen, E. J. ]aner and J. Larsen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Approaches to the study of the extraradical mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal
fungi
J. C. Dadd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Water relations and alleviation of drought stress in mycorrhizal plants
M. Sânchez-Diaz and M. Honrubia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant uptake of heavy metals and
radionuclides from soi!
K. Haselwandter, C. Leyval and F. E. Sanders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Biocontrol of plant pathogens using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
J. E. Hooker, M. Jaizme-Vega and D. Atkinson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Management of positive interactions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with essential
groups of soi! microorganisms
G. Puppi, R. Azc6n and G. Hoflich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Micropropagated plants, an opportunity to positively manage mycorrhizal activities
M. Vestberg and V. Estaun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Preface
This book, prepared by participants of the European network COST ACTION 810
(1989-93) is the outcome of a meeting held in Switzerland (Einsiedeln, September 29
to October 2, 1993) on the "Impact of arbuscular mycorrhizas on sustainable agriculture
and natural ecosystems".
COST(Cooperation Scientifique et Technique) Networks were created in 1971 by the
Commission of European Communities, and later enlarged to include non-European
Member States, to promote pre-competitive scientific and technical research in fields
of common interest. During the eighties, COST ACTIONS were launched in bio
technological fields, including the network on arbuscular mycorrhizas.
Arbuscular mycorrhizas are a universally found symbiosis between plants and certain
soil fungi and essential components of soil-plant systems. They act as a major inter
face by influencing or regulating resource allocation between abiotic and biotic
components of the soil-plant system. Arbuscular mycorrhizas are involved in many
key ecosystem processes including nutrient cycling and conservation of soil struc
ture, and have been shown to improve plant health through increased protection
against abiotic and biotic stresses.
Sustainability can be defined as the successful management of resources to satisfy
changing human needs while maintaining or enhancing the quality of the environ
ment and conserving resources. Increasing environmental degradation and instability,
due to anthropogenic activities and in particular the increasing fragility of the soil
resource, has led to an increased awareness of the need to develop practices resulting
in more sustainable natural and agroecosystems.
Because of the fundamental importance of arbuscular mycorrhizas in key eco
system processes, an understanding of the symbiosis is an essential prerequisite for
the development of sustainable agricultura! systems and of guidelines for the
protection of natural ecosystems.
By combining scientific expertise and resources from many European laboratories, the
COST ACTION 810 Network has greatly promoted development of a multi-disciplinary
approach necessary for progress in the complexity of mycorrhizal research. As a result,
considerablc advances have been made in (i) the dcvelopmcnt of biomolecular methods
adapted to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, (ii) thc promotion of innovative ecologica!
research which considers biodiversity, in order to better understand the impact of
arbuscular mycorrhizas in sustainable agricultura! and natural ecosystems, (iii) the
role of arbuscular mycorrhizas in plant development and root morphology, and (iv)
the definition of thc cellular and molecular basis of plant-fungus cxchanges.
Another exciting aspect has been the advance made towards creating a "Banque
Europeenne des Glomales" (BEG) and the "Taxonomie Expert System" that should
stimulate international exchange and greatly facilitate research on arbuscular
mycorrhizas.
In this book, well-known specialists review research targeted on the role of arbu
scular mycorrhizas in environmental protection and sustainable plant production
with view to meeting the growing requirements of a growing society.
Silvio Gianinazzi Hannes Schiiepp
INRA/CNRS, Dijon, France FAW, Wădenswil, Switzerland
Contributors
David Atkinson SAC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
Luciano Avio Istituto di Microbiologia Agraria, Centro di Studio per la Microbiologia del Suolo C.N.R., Via
del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Rosario Azc6n Estaci6n Esperimental del Zaidin, CSIC, Prof. Abareda 1, Granada, Spain
Conception Azcon-Aguilar Dept. de Microbiologfa del Suelo y Sistemas Simbi6ticos, Estaci6n
Experimental del Zaidfn, CSIC, Prof. Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
Berta Bago Dept. de Microbiologfa del Suelo y Sistemas Simbi6ticos, Estaci6n Experimental del Zaidfn,
CSIC, Prof. Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
Jose Miguel Barea Estaci6n Experimental del Zaidfn CSIC Prof. Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
Graziella Berta Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale dell'Universită di Torino ,Viale Mattioli, 25, 10125
Torino, Italy
Gabor J. Bethlenfalvay US Dept. of Agriculture, Agric. Research Service, Horticultural Crops Research
Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
Paola Bonfante Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale dell'Universita di Torino e Centro di Studio sulla
Micologia del Terreno del CNR, Viale Mattioli, 25 10125 Torino, ltaly
Anna Silvia Citernesi Istituto di Microbiologia Agraria, Centro di Studio per la Microbiologia del Suolo
C.N.R., Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
John C. Dodd International Institute of Biotechnology, P.O. Box 228, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7YW, UK
Hubert Dulieu Laboratoire de Phytoparasitologie, INRA-CNRS, Station de Genetique et d'Amelioration des
Plantes, INRA, BV 1540, F-21034 Dijon cedex, France
Victoria Estaun Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimantăries, Centre de Cabrils s/n, E-08348 Cabrils
(Barcelona), Spain
Silvio Gianinazzi Laboratoire de Phytoparasitologie, INRA-CNRS, Station de Genetique et d'Amelioration
des Plantes, INRA, BV 1540, F-21034 Dijon cedex, France
Vivienne Gianinazzi-Pearson Laboratoire de Phytoparasitologie, INRA-CNRS, Station de Genetique et
d'Amelio-ration des Plantes, INRA, BV 1540, F-21034 Dijon cedex, France
Manuela Giovannetti lstituto di Microbiologia Agraria, Centro di Studio per la Microbiologia del Suolo
C.N.R., Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Armelle Gollotte Laboratoire de Phytoparasitologie, INRA-CNRS, Station de Genetique et d'Amelioration
des Plantes, INRA, BV 1540, F-21034 Dijon cedex, France
Alexander Hahn Technische Universitat Munchen (Weihenstephan), Lehrstuhl fiir Botanik, D-85350
Freising, Germany
Description:This book, prepared by participants of the European network COST ACTION 810 (1989-93) is the outcome of a meeting held in Switzerland (Einsiedeln, September 29 to October 2, 1993) on the "Impact of arbuscular mycorrhizas on sustainable agriculture and natural ecosystems". COST(Cooperation Scientifiq
