Table Of ContentThe
Reticuloendothelial
System
A COMPREHENSIVE TREA TISE
Volume 6
Immunology
The Reticuloendothelial System
A COMPREHENSIVE TREATISE
General Editors:
Herman Friedman, University 0/ South Florida, Tampa, Florida
Mario Escobar, Medical College 0/ Virginia, Richmond, Virginia
and
Sherwood M. Reichard, Medical College 0/ Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
MORPHOLOGY
Edited by lan Carr and W. T. Daems
BIOCHEMISTRY AND MET ABOLISM
Edited by Anthony J. Sbarra and Robert R. Strauss
PHYLOGENY AND ONTOGENY
Edited by Nicholas Cohen and M. Michael Sigel
IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
Edited by Noel R. Rose and Benjamin V. Siegel
CANCER
Edited by Ronald B. Herberman and Herman Friedman
IMMUNOLOGY
Edited by Joseph A. Bellanti and Herbert B. Herscowitz
PHYSIOLOGY (In two parts)
Edited by Sherwood M. Reichard and James P. Filkins
PHARMACOLOGY
Edited by John Hadden and Andor Szentivanyi
HYPERSENSITIVITY
Edited by S. Michael Phillips and Peter Abramoff
INFECTION
Edited by John P. Utz and Mario R. Escobar
The
Reticuloendothelial
System
A COMPREHENSIVE TREA TISE
Volume 6
Immunology
Edited by
JOSEPH A. BELLANTI
Georgetown University School 0/ Medicine
Washington, D.C.
and
HERBERT B. HERSCOWITZ
Georgetown University Schools 0/ Medicine and Dentistry
Washington, D.C.
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Library of Congress CataIoging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
The Reticuloendothelial system.
Inc1udes bibliographies and indexes.
CONTENTS: v. 1. Carr, 1., Daems, W. T., and Lobo, A. Morphology.-v. 2.
Biochemistry and metabolism. -[etc.]-v. 6. Immunology.
1. Reticulo-endothelial system. 2. Macrophages. I. Friedman, Herman, 1931-
11. Escobar, Mario R. 111. Reichard, Sherwood M. [DNLM: 1. Reticuloendothelial sys
tem. WH650 R437]
QP115.R47 591.2'95 79-25933
ISBN 978-1-4757-6786-5 ISBN 978-1-4757-6784-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-6784-1
© 1984 Springer Science+Business Media New York
OriginaI1y pub1ished by Plenum Press, New York in 1984.
Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 1984
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrievaI system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanicaI, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
Contributors
STEPHEN W. CHENSUE • Department of Pathology, University of Michigan
Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
DIANE E. COLE • Pediatric Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda,
Maryland
PETER ERB • Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, The University of Basel,
Basel, Switzerland
JOSEPH C. FANToNE • Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Med
ical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
MARC FELDMANN • Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Tumour Immunology
Unit, Department of Zoology, University College London, London,
England
RAYMOND B. HEsTER • Division of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research
Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
RICHARD HONG • Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin Clinical
Science Center, Madison, Wisconsin
ARTHUR G. JOHNSON • Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The
University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota
DAVID R. KATZ • Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Tumour Immunology Unit,
Department of Zoology, University College London, London, England
STEVEN L. KUNKEL • Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medi
cal School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
THOMAS R. MALEK • Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy
and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
v
vi CONTRIBUTORS
MICHAEL E. MILLER • Department of Pediatrics, University of California at
Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
SIMON L. NEWMAN • Division of Rheumatology-Immunology, Department
of Medicine, and Department of Microbiology-Immunology, University of
North Carolina, Chapel Hili, North Carolina
RrCHARD P. PHIPPS • Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical
College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond,
Virginia
CARL W. PIERCE • Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The
Jewish Hospital of St. Louis, and Department of Pathology and of Micro
biology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St.
Louis, Missouri
DAVID G. POPLACK • Pediatric Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda,
Maryland
PETER RALPH • Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Rye, New York
. Ross RocKLIN • Allergy Division, Department of Medicine, New England
Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massa
chusetts
GORDON O. Ross • Division of Rheumatology-Immunology, Department of
Medicine, and Department of Microbiology-Immunology, University of
North Carolina, Chapel Hili, North Carolina
STUART F. SCHLOSSMAN • Division of Tumor Immunology, Dana-Farber
Cancer Institute, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Massachusetts
JON R. SCHMIDTKE • Department of Immunology Research, Liliy Research
Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana
RrCHARD M. SCHULTZ • Department of Immunology Research, Liliy Research
Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana
ETHAN M. SHEVACH • Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of AI
lergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,
Maryland
USHA SRINIVASAN • Pediatric Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda,
Maryland
CONTRIBUTORS vii
HENRY C. STEVENSON • Clinical Investigations Section, Biologie Response
Modifiers Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Frederick, Maryland
GEOFFREY H. SUNSHINE • Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Tumour Immunol
ogy Unit, Department of Zoology, University College London, London,
England
JOHN G. TEW • Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Col
lege of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
ROBERT F. TODD, III • Division of Tumor Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts
WILLIAM S. WALKER • Division of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research
Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
PETER A. WARD • Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical
School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
DAVID D. WOOD • Department of Immunology, Ayerst Research Laborato
ries, Princeton, New Jersey
Foreword
This comprehensive treatise on the reticuloendothelial system is a project jointly
shared by individual members of the Reticuloendothelial (RE) Society and bio
medical scientists in general who are interested in the intricate system of ceHs and
molecular moieties derived from those ceHs which constitute the RES. It may now
be more fashionable in some quarters to consider these ceHs as part of what is
caHed the mononuclear phagocytic system or the lymphoreticular system. Nev
ertheless, because of historical developments and current interest in the subject
by investigators from many diverse areas, it seems advantageous to present in
one comprehensive treatise current information and knowledge concerning basic
aspects of the RES, such as morphology, biochemistry, phylogeny and ontogeny,
physiology, and pharmacology as weIl as clinical areas including immu
nopathology, cancer, infectious diseases, allergy, and hypersensitivity. It is antic
ipated that by presenting information concerning these apparently hetero
geneous topics under the unifying umbreHa of the RES attention will be focused
on the similarities as weIl as interactions among the ceH types constituting the
RES from the viewpoint of various disciplines. The treatise editors and their
editorial board, consisting predominantly of the editors of individual volumes,
are extremely grateful for the enthusiastic cooperation and enormous task under
taken by members of the biomedical community in general and especially by
members of the American as weIl as European and Japanese Reticuloendotheli~l
Societies. The assistance, cooperation, and great support from the editorial staff
of Plenum Press are also valued greatly. It is hoped that this unique treatise, the
first to offer a fully comprehensive treatment of our knowledge concerning the
RES, will provide a unified framework for evaluating what is known and what
still has to be investigated in this actively growing field. The various volumes of
this treatise provide extensive in-depth and integrated information on classical as
weH as experimental aspects of the RES. It is expected that these volumes will
serve as a major reference for day-to-day examination of various subjects dealing
with the RES from many different viewpoints.
Herman Friedman
Mario R. Escobar
Sherwood M. Reichard
ix
Preface
This sixth volume of a multivolume treatise on the reticuloendothelial system
presents the pivotal role of the mononuc1ear phagocyte in immunological pro
cesses. The volume is poised in a transitionallocation in the series and builds
upon knowledge set forth in previous volumes and directs the reader to discus
sions of c!inical immunology and immunopathology to be found in subsequent
volumes.
Throughout each of its chapters, the book maintains a fidelity to the central
role of the macrophage as a regulatory ceIl in immunologie processes. The vol
urne begins with a general overview of the immunobiology of the macrophage
and its interactions with lymphoid ceIls. Inc1uded in this chapter is a discussion
of disorders of macrophage function which provides a basis for an understand
ing of host resistance mechanisms. The volume progresses in logical sequence to
a discussion of the role of macrophages in nonspecific processes and describes
the mechanisms by which macrophages function in host defense. This chapter
reviews c1inical abnormalities as they refIect upon "nonspecific" functions and
also focuses on important studies of phagocytic ceIl function in the human
neonate, underscoring critical roles of the immature phagocytic ceIl in the pre
disposition of the neonate to infection. The heterogeneity of macrophages is
discussed in the next chapter which describes the functional diversity of mac
rophages obtained from different tissues as weIl as individual differences in
macrophages obtained from the same tissue. The chapter also poses a provoca
tive question conceming whether heterogeneity represents differences in matu
ration of a single ceIl type or whether it is the resuIt of the existence of separate
populations of ceIls. The use of macrophage ceIl lines is presented in the next
chapter which establishes the role of surface antigens in differentiation and
function of macrophages, the cytotoxic capacity of macrophage ceIllines, the
inductive events in pharmacologic regulation, and the importance of mac
rophage function in variant lines. This chapter will be of particular importance to
the investigator interested in studying the macrophage in relatively homoge
neous populations. This is foIlowed by a discussion of the function of dendritic
ceIls in immune responses in the next chapter. It reviews the importance of ceIls
with dendritic morphology and their role in such diverse functions as antigen
retention in lymphoid tissue, in mixed lymphocyte reactions, and in T-ceIl
media ted cytotoxicity. Of particular interest in this chapter is a discussion of the
Langerhans ceIl and its specific function in delayed-type reactions of the skin.
xi
